Cosmetology STATE BOARDS Wisconsin Complete Study Guide Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2024/2025 Latest Release

Cosmetology STATE BOARDS Wisconsin Complete Study Guide Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2024/2025 Latest Release What is the minimum age requirement to take the Wisconsin Cosmetology State Board exam? **ANS** 17 years old. What is the total number of hours required for cosmetology training in Wisconsin? **ANS** 1,550 hours. What is the passing score for the written portion of the Wisconsin Cosmetology State Board exam? **ANS** 75%. What types of services can a licensed cosmetologist in Wisconsin provide? **ANS** Hair cutting, coloring, and styling; skin care; and nail services. What is the primary purpose of the Wisconsin Cosmetology State Board? **ANS** To ensure public safety and maintain standards in the cosmetology profession. What must applicants provide to be eligible for the Wisconsin Cosmetology State Board exam? **ANS** Proof of completed education and a valid government-issued ID. What is the renewal period for a cosmetology license in Wisconsin? **ANS** Every two years. What is the significance of continuing education for licensed cosmetologists in Wisconsin? 1 **ANS** To stay updated on industry trends and maintain licensure. What are the consequences of practicing cosmetology without a valid license in Wisconsin? **ANS** Fines and potential legal action. What is the role of the Wisconsin Cosmetology State Board in regulating the profession? **ANS** To establish licensing requirements, conduct examinations, and enforce regulations. Microbiology **Ans**The study of small living organisms Bacteria **Ans**one-cell organism Non-pathogenic **Ans**Non-disease producing bacteria pathogenic **Ans**causes infection and diseases Cocci **Ans**Round-shape cells Staphylococci **Ans**bacteria that grow in bunches Streptococci **Ans**bacteria that grow in chains Diplococci **Ans**bacteria that grow in pairs Bacilli **Ans**Rod shaped bacteria Spirilla **Ans**Spiral shaped bacteria Growth of bacteria **Ans**active and inactive 2 active immunity **Ans**antibodies self made passive immunity **Ans**antibodies received Sanitation/Cleaning **Ans**remove dirt or debris Disinfection **Ans**used to destroy microbes on nonporous surfaces Sterilization **Ans**use to destroy all microbes Antiseptic **Ans**sanitizer product reducing microbes when applied to the skin Virucidals **Ans**disinfectant kills viruses OSHA **Ans**Occupational Safety and Health Administration MSDS **Ans**Material Safety Data Sheet EPA **Ans**Environmental Protection Agency immersion **Ans**disinfecting, tools must be pre cleaned before Porous items **Ans**discard after each use Puncture-proof container **Ans**Dispose of sharp objects, such as razor blades in Anatomy **Ans**The study of the organs and systems of the body 3 Physiology **Ans**The study of organ functions of body performance Basic parts of a cell **Ans**nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane Nucleus **Ans**The control center of cell activities Cytoplasm **Ans**Where the cell activities take place Cell membrane **Ans**Outer surface of cell which encloses the protoplasm Mitosis **Ans**cells grow and divide Metabolism **Ans**Process where cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction Two phases of metabolism **Ans**anabolism and catabolism Anabolism **Ans**Building up or storing Catabolish **Ans**Breaking down or releasing energy Tissue functions **Ans**Epithelial, Nerve, Liquid, Muscular, Connective Epithelial tissue **Ans**Covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs nerve tissue **Ans**Carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body Liquid tissue **Ans**Carries food, waste products and hormones muscular tissue **Ans**moves the body and its parts 4 connective tissue **Ans**holds body together skeletal system **Ans**Physical foundation of the body(bones & joints) Muscular System **Ans**enables movement of the body and internal organs circulatory system **Ans**circulates blood nervous system **Ans**sends and receives messages digestive system **Ans**breaks down food and absorbs nutrients excretory system **Ans**removes waste from the body respiratory system **Ans**Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide. endocrine system **Ans**controls growth, general health and reproduction of body reproductive system **Ans**organs involved in producing offspring integumentary system **Ans**control sebaceous(oil), sudoriferous glands (sweat) How many bones are in the human body? **Ans**206 Joint **Ans**two or more bones joined together Osteology **Ans**Study of bones 5 Two types of joints **Ans**immovable and movable Long bones are found in **Ans**arms and legs Flat bones are found in **Ans**skull, shoulder bone and breast bone Irregular bones are found in **Ans**wrist, ankle, and spinal column Bones are composed of **Ans**2/3 mineral matter and 1/3 organic matter Mineral & organic matter of bones produce **Ans**white and red cell calcium Bones store **Ans**Calcium The skull **Ans**skeleton head, enclosed and protects the brain and sensory organs The skull has how many bones? **Ans**8 cranium bones The facial skeleton has how many bones? **Ans**14 How many bones involved in facial massage? **Ans**9 Facial Bone: Mandible **Ans**lower jaw Facial bone: Maxillae **Ans**2 bones upper jaw Facial Bone: Nasal **Ans**2 bones join form nose bridge Facial Bone: Zygomatic(Malar) **Ans**2 bones upper cheek and bottom eye socket 6 Facial bone: Lacrimal **Ans**2 smallest bones form part of eye socket Cervical Vertebra **Ans**1-7 spinal collumn neck bones Phalanges **Ans**bones of the fingers and toes Myology **Ans**the study of the muscular system Two types of muscle tissue **Ans**Striated and non striated striated muscle **Ans**At will to move Non-striated muscle **Ans**Automatically moves Two subsystems of the circulatory system **Ans**cardiovascular abd lymph-vascular systems cardiovascular system **Ans**circulates blood Lymph vascular system **Ans**circulates vessels Arteries **Ans**carry blood away from the heart Veins **Ans**carry blood to the heart 2 types of nerves **Ans**sensory and motor sensory nerves **Ans**carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve 7 motor nerves **Ans**Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs The automatic nervous systems are **Ans**digestive, excretory, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive systems electricity **Ans**form of energy produces light, heat, and magnetic & chemical changes electric current **Ans**movement of electricity along a path with a conductor conductors **Ans**materials that allow electric charges to flow through them easily insulators **Ans**Do not allow electricity to flow through them easily Measure of electricity: Amp **Ans**Strength Measure of electricity: Volt **Ans**Pressure Measure of electricity: Ohm **Ans**Resistance Measure of electricity: Watt **Ans**Amount of power used Electric current exist in 2 forms: **Ans**DC & AC electrotheraphy **Ans**The use of electrical currents to treat the skin. 4 types of electrotherapy **Ans**galvanic, micro current, EMS=electric muscle stimulation, high frequency Galvanic current **Ans**Constant and direct current 8 Electrotherapy applicators are **Ans**cathode and anode Cathode **Ans**Black: Negative electrode Anode **Ans**Red: Positive electrode Phoresis **Ans**Forcing Positive & Negative into skin by apply. "Bleaching skin" Anaphoresis (negative (-) pole) **Ans**Force alkaline to the skin, increases blood flow, softens tissue, stimulates tissues Cataphoresis (positive (+) pole) **Ans**Force acidic to the skin, produces an acidic reaction, slows blood f low, hardens tissue, soothes nerves Chemistry **Ans**the study of matter and how it changes organic chemistry **Ans**Living matter or was alive inorganic chemistry **Ans**Nonliving matter or was never alive Elements **Ans**Cannot be broken down into any other simpler substance COHNS **Ans**the major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur Atoms **Ans**smallest unit of matter 3 types of an atom **Ans**proton, neutron, and electron 9 Proton **Ans**positive charge Neutron **Ans**no charge Electron **Ans**negatively charged particle Chemical bonds consist of **Ans**amino acids, hydrogen, salt bonds, peptide, disulfide, waals force amino acids **Ans**compounds f C, O, H, N; joined together in chains to become proteins Hair is made up of protein called: **Ans**Keratin 97% of hair & 3% trace materials How many common amino acids does hair contain? **Ans**19 Peptide Bond(end bonds) **Ans**Links amino acids end to ends. the backbone of protein molecules Side bonds **Ans**Link the protein chains to create strength 4 side bonds **Ans**Hydrogen, salt, disulfide, waals force pH **Ans**potential hydrogen; scale to indicate degree of acidity or alkalinity acid(acidic) positive **Ans**increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, when placed in water. Donates or Release alkali(alkaline) negative **Ans**decreases; accepts and combines ph balance of hair, skin and nails **Ans**4.5-5.5 10 Surfactants **Ans**cleansing agent use to remove oils from hair Hydrophilic shampoo **Ans**loves water, hates grease Lipophilic shampoo **Ans**loves grease, hates water hard water **Ans**Water that has a high concentration of dissolved minerals (well water) soft water **Ans**water with small amount of minerals (preferred) Primary ingredient in shampoo is: **Ans**water What does Rinses do? **Ans**helps close cuticles Trichology **Ans**Study of hair Hair bulb formation **Ans**Hair germ, basal layer, sebaceous gland, arrestor pill muscle, hair follicle, papilla hair root **Ans**portion of hair inside hair follicle under skin surface Hair fiber **Ans**Portion of the hair that extends above the skins surface 3 major layers of hair **Ans**Cuticle, cortex, medula Hair Cuticle **Ans**Outer covering of the hair shaft cortex **Ans**middle layer; provides the strength, colour, and texture of a hair fiber 11 Medulla **Ans**deepest layer of the hair, only seen in large and thick hairs. Sebaceous (oil) glands **Ans**lubricates the hair and skin sebum (oil) **Ans**mixes and forms acid mantle acid mantle **Ans**Protective barrier of lipids and secretions on the surface of the skin arrector pill muscle **Ans**reactor of hair; connect to nervous system Keratinization **Ans**Process of cells changing shape, drying out and forming keratin protein Stages of hair growth **Ans**anagen, catagen, telogen Anagen **Ans**The period of active hair growth Catagen **Ans**Brief transition, cell dividsion stops Telogen **Ans**Resting phase of hair growth Melanocytes **Ans**produce melanosomes, which contain melanin 2 types of melanin **Ans**eumelanin and pheomelanin Eumelamin **Ans**The melanin that gives black and brown color to hair Pheomelanin **Ans**Produces yellow to red pigments in the hair 12 Density of the hair **Ans**determines the size and number of hair fiber Porosity of hair **Ans**ability of hair to absorb liquid, moisture or chemicals Elasticity **Ans**ability of hair to stretch to original shape without breaking dry hair can stretch up to ___% and not break **Ans**20 wet hair can stretch up to ___% and not break **Ans**40-50% Number of cuticle scale layers **Ans**7-12 Broken hair (abraded hair) **Ans**cuticle crack or fragile split ends **Ans**Trichoptilosis Trichorrhexis **Ans**nodules, lumps, swells Canties **Ans**gray hair Monilethrix **Ans**Beaded hair Plica polonica **Ans**matting Pili annulati **Ans**Ringed hair. Alternating bands of gray and dark hair Hypertrichosis **Ans**excessive hair growth hirsuites **Ans**overgrowth of hair in women 13 Psoriasis **Ans**thick, crusty patches of red irritated scalp Pityriasis **Ans**dandruff pityriasis capitis simplex **Ans**Dry flaky dandruff Pityriasis steatoides **Ans**Greasy or waxy dandruff Malassezia **Ans**Fungus that causes dandruff t inea **Ans**ringworm of the skin t inea capitis **Ans**ringworm of the scalp t ine favosa **Ans**dry, yellow crusted areas, have color, or shiny scars, (honeycomb, ringworm) pediculosis capitis **Ans**an infestation with head lice Lanugo hair **Ans**baby hairs vellus hair **Ans**Thin hair covering most of the body(peach fuzz) terminal hair **Ans**Long coarse pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms average loss of hair stands **Ans**40 - 100 alopecia **Ans**hair loss 14 androgenic alopecia **Ans**hair loss; male pattern baldness or thinning female hair postpartum alopecia **Ans**temporary hair loss experienced at the conclusion of a pregnancy alopecia areata **Ans**Patchy loss of hair occurring on the scalp or other parts of the body Alopecia prematura **Ans**Baldness that occurs early in life Telogen effluvium **Ans**Premature shedding of hair in the resting phase Traction or traumatic alopecia **Ans**Hair loss from excessive pulling or twisting Effleurage massage **Ans**light, gliding strokes, or circular motions Petrissage massage **Ans**Kneading rolling deep stimulation Tapotement massage **Ans**tapping, hacking, cupping, slapping... enhance circulation and stimulate nerves Friction massage **Ans**deep, circular motion Vibration massage **Ans**rapid shaking 3 level of observation hair design **Ans**basic, detail, abstract Design Elements **Ans**Form, texture, color Form is 3 dimension representation of **Ans**Shape Form consist of: **Ans**Length, width, depth 15 shape is 2 dimensional representation of **Ans**form shape consists of **Ans**length, width 3 major categories of forms and shapes **Ans**rectilinear, triangula, curvilnear Properties of form: **Ans**Point, Line, Shape Concave lines = **Ans**Curve Inward Convex lines = **Ans**Curve outward Design principals are **Ans**repetition, progression, alteration, contrast Terms for shapes of diff profiles **Ans**Oval, round, square, oblong, pear, diamond, heart Solid form is **Ans**one length cut Graduated form is **Ans**wedge 45 angle cut Increased-layered form is **Ans**180 degree "shag" Uniformly layered form is **Ans**90 degree angle off scalp Unactivated hair texture **Ans**Ends of the hair are not visible when viewed in natural fall Activated hair texture **Ans**ends of hair are visible with natural fall 16 Shears also known as **Ans**2 straight blades, produce clean, blunt cuts Taper shears also known as **Ans**thinning, texturizing, reduces bulk and creates mobility Razor create what kind of effect **Ans**angled Clippers **Ans**Electric or battery-operated tools that cut the hair by using two moving blades held in place by a metal plate with teeth Men cutting terms **Ans**Shear-over-comb, clipper-over-comb, taper-shear-over-comb, gradation On base gives **Ans**maximum volume, max base strength half-off base gives **Ans**less volume, less base strength off base gives **Ans**least volume, least base strength underdirected gives **Ans**reduced volume and base strength over directed gives **Ans**exaggerated direction-volume, reduced base strength curl consist of 3 parts? **Ans**1. base 2. Stem(Arc) 3. circle The art of shopping and defining the hair in graceful waves is called **Ans**finger waves Professional Irons are called **Ans**marcel irons 3 types of wigs types **Ans**human hair, synthetic, animal hair 17 Human hair consist of **Ans**asian/indian/european What is the most cost hair wigs? **Ans**European What is the highest grade human hair? **Ans**Remy Hair Most animal hair wigs are made of **Ans**yak, angora horse, sheep When human hair is burned it **Ans**burns slow and produces an odor When synthetic hair is burn it **Ans**balls up on ends, melt rapidly and produce no odor What is the J and L ring? **Ans**Standardized colors = 70 in a ring wig caps are **Ans**attachments with elastic mesh fiber base capless wigs **Ans**Most Popular. machine-made wigs in which rows of wefts are sewn to elastic strips in a circular pattern to fit the head shape..these wigs are more popular than others because they are ready to wear and less expensive WHAT IS A wig block? **Ans**canvas - covered wig form use to for booking services What is blocking? **Ans**Proper sizing procedures Toupees are **Ans**hair pieces to cover hair loss of thinning hair on top of head. most in men Tones are known as **Ans**Warm and cool colors Warm color tones consist of **Ans**yellow, orange, red colors 18 Cool color tones consist of **Ans**green, blue, violet hue **Ans**a particular shade of a given color Level (value) **Ans**describe the lightness or darkness of a color. Intensity **Ans**The brightness or dullness of a color Texture **Ans**The look and feel of a surface Porosity **Ans**ability for hair to absorb moisture, liquid, outside minerals oxidative color **Ans**Hair color products that are mixed with a developer to create a chemical change Non-oxidative color **Ans**Hair color that adds pigment, does not lift existing hair color Temporary colors **Ans**Color products that last only from shampoo to shampoo Semi-permanent colors **Ans**deposit color only Vegetable Dyes **Ans**colorants derived from plants/fungi metallic dyes **Ans**Hair dyes containing metals; also known as progressive dyes because the hair turns darker with each application Compound dyes **Ans**Combination of metallic and vegetable dyes; metallic salts are added to vegetable dyes to create a wider range of colors and a longer lasting color than achieved with vegetable dyes alone 19 Long lasting semi-permanent colors **Ans**Semi-Permanent haircolor that lasts through several shampoos but doesn't rinse out after one Permanent color **Ans**A color that contains ammonia and developer that you mix together. The color molecule sits inside the cortex. developers **Ans**Also known as oxidizing agents or catalysts; when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop color molecules and create a change in hair color. developer strengths **Ans**10vol = 3%, 20vol = 6%. 30% = 9% Fillers **Ans**Used to equalize porosity Lighteners **Ans**Chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural hair pigment. double-process application **Ans**the process where the hair is pre-lightened and then toned Perming **Ans**The physical and chemical process of making straight hair curly is called Relaxing the hair **Ans**loosening or reducing of the hairs existing texture When was relaxer invented? **Ans**1900s 2 types of relaxer products **Ans**sodium hydroxide and ammonium thioglycolate Ammonium thioglycolate relaxers ph **Ans**9.0 and 9.6 Sodium hydroxide relaxers pH **Ans**11.5-14 20 Curl reformation **Ans**The chemical text your service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves Skin is **Ans**largest organ of the body dermatology **Ans**the study of the skin composition of skin layers **Ans**Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Epidermis **Ans**Outer layer of skin Stratum corneum (horny layer) **Ans**Thick layer of dead keratinocytes and thickened plasma membranes Protects skin against abrasion and penetration Stratum lucidum (clear layer) **Ans**transparent, clear cells on soles and palms stratum granulosum **Ans**Grain-like cells stratum spinosum (spiny layer) **Ans**Epidermis 8 to 10 layers, irregularly shaped cells. Stratum Basale(basal layer) **Ans**basement layer, cell growth papillary layer **Ans**outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis reticular layer **Ans**Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients 21 Skin Melanin is produced in **Ans**basal layer of the epidermis SPF **Ans**sun protection factor Verruca is **Ans**wart Comedones **Ans**blackheads Milia **Ans**small raised white spots on nose, chin, and forehead Rosacea **Ans**characterized by tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels Asteatosis **Ans**Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency seborrheic dermatitis **Ans**cradle cap Furuncles **Ans**Boils Bromidrosis **Ans**foul-smelling perspiration caused by the yeast and bacteria that break down the sweat on the surface of the skin The inability to sweat normally is called: **Ans**anhidrosis hyperhidrosis **Ans**excessive sweating Militia rubra **Ans**eruption of small vesicles dermatitis **Ans**inflammation of the skin 22 eczema **Ans**noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching Impetigo **Ans**inflammatory skin disease with pustules that rupture and become crusted Folliculits **Ans**infection of the hair follicle and dermis Pseudofolliculitis barbae **Ans**medical term for razor bumps Conjunctivities **Ans**pink eye Onychology **Ans**The study of the structure and growth of the nails Nail mantle **Ans**Pocket like structure that holds the root and matrix nail matrix **Ans**responsible for nail growth Nail root **Ans**the portion of a nail that is buried in a fold of skin nail bed **Ans**The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits. nail plate **Ans**hard part of the nail lunula **Ans**The half-moon-shaped, whitish area at the base of a nail Eponychium **Ans**Living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area nail cuticle **Ans**Dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate. 23 Nail grooves **Ans**Slits or furrows on the sides of the sidewall Nail sidewalls **Ans**Skin that overlaps onto the side of the nail Perionychium **Ans**The skin that touches, overlaps and surrounds the nail free edge **Ans**Part of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip Hyponychium **Ans**Skin between the free edge and fingertip of the natural nail The nail is made up of __________ ___________, like hair. **Ans**Hard Keratin The matrix contains: **Ans**nerves, lymph, and blood vessels Average nail growth rate is _______ inch per month for adults **Ans**1/8 (.3cm) It takes ____________________ months on average for a new fingernail to grow **Ans**4-6 months Onychosis **Ans**Any disease, disorder or condition of the nail Onychomycosis (Tinea Unguium) **Ans**fungal nail infection Tina manus(fungus disease) **Ans**Ringworm of the hand Tina Pedis (fungus disease on feet) **Ans**fungal infection of the feet Paronychia (felon) **Ans**Inflammation of the skin around the nail 24 Onychoptosis **Ans**Shedding or falling off of nails onychia **Ans**Inflammation of the nail matrix Onycholysis **Ans**the loss of a nail Blue nails **Ans**Appear bluish in color Egg shell nails **Ans**Thin nails, almost see through, transparent Corrugations **Ans**Wavy ridges caused by uneven nail growth Koilonychia **Ans**Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that appear scooped out. Furrows **Ans**Indented vertical lines down the nail plate Onychogryposis **Ans**Thickening and increased curvature of the nail onychocryptosis **Ans**ingrown nail Melanonychia **Ans**Darkening of the fingernails or toenails Onychauxis **Ans**overgrowth in thickness of the nail Agnails **Ans**Hangnails Bruised nails **Ans**Dark purplish spots, usually due to physical injury Leukonychia **Ans**White spots on the nail 25 pterygium **Ans**Excess living skin attached to nail plate Beau's lines **Ans**Nail return to normal after trauma Onychophagy **Ans**Bitten nails Onychorrhexis **Ans**Split or brittle nails Monomer and polymer are common terms referred to **Ans**acrylic liquid, and acrylic powder Liquid monomer **Ans**Methyl methacrylate Powder Polymer **Ans**Acrylic Powder Oligomer **Ans**Gel form 26