Due 2025
, Question 1 – Literature Review Design
1a) Conceptual vs Theoretical Frameworks
Definitions:
• Theoretical framework: A structured approach grounded in established theories that
explains relationships between variables. For instance, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
or constructivist principles can serve as the basis for understanding learning processes.
• Conceptual framework: A model developed by the researcher that depicts key concepts,
variables, and their interconnections. It is informed by existing research but shaped
according to the researcher’s perspective and the specific study context.
Key Differences:
Aspect Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework
Drawn from widely accepted
Origin Designed by the researcher
theories
Scope Narrow, theory-specific Broader, adaptable
Integrates ideas from multiple
Flexibility Fixed to a specific theory
theories
Maps how the study is
Explains phenomena within
Purpose structured and guides
the theory
research design
Recommendation:
For a study examining technology-enhanced teaching and learner engagement:
• A conceptual framework is more appropriate because educational technology research
is dynamic and evolving.
• It allows integration of multiple theoretical perspectives, such as Self-Determination
Theory and TPACK.
• It supports the development of practical, context-specific recommendations for improving
teaching and learning.
, Question 1 – Literature Review Design
1a) Conceptual vs Theoretical Frameworks
Definitions:
• Theoretical framework: A structured approach grounded in established theories that
explains relationships between variables. For instance, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
or constructivist principles can serve as the basis for understanding learning processes.
• Conceptual framework: A model developed by the researcher that depicts key concepts,
variables, and their interconnections. It is informed by existing research but shaped
according to the researcher’s perspective and the specific study context.
Key Differences:
Aspect Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework
Drawn from widely accepted
Origin Designed by the researcher
theories
Scope Narrow, theory-specific Broader, adaptable
Integrates ideas from multiple
Flexibility Fixed to a specific theory
theories
Maps how the study is
Explains phenomena within
Purpose structured and guides
the theory
research design
Recommendation:
For a study examining technology-enhanced teaching and learner engagement:
• A conceptual framework is more appropriate because educational technology research
is dynamic and evolving.
• It allows integration of multiple theoretical perspectives, such as Self-Determination
Theory and TPACK.
• It supports the development of practical, context-specific recommendations for improving
teaching and learning.
