McCance Unit II Patho Ch 4, 5, 6 Test
Bank Questions and Already Passed
Answers 2025-2026.
Genes, the basic units of inheritance, are composed of _____ and are located on the
_____________. - Answer DNA, chromosomes.
The most important constituent of DNA is the four types of nitrogenous bases, labeled __, __,
__, and __. - Answer A, C, G, and T.
They physical structure of DNA is a - Answer double helix
The DNA bases code for amino acids, which in turn make up - Answer proteins.
The amino acids are specified by - Answer triplet codons of nitrogenous bases.
DNA replication is based on - Answer complementary base pairing.
What is complementary base pairing? - Answer Process in which a single strand of DNA serves
as the template for attracting bases that form a new strand of DNA.
____ _____________ is the primary enzyme involved in replication. It adds bases to the new
DNA strand and performs "proofreading" functions. - Answer DNA polymerase
A mutation is - Answer an inherited alteration of genetic material
Substances that cause mutations are called - Answer mutagens.
The mutation rate in humans varies from _______ __ ________ and ranges from ______ __
______ per gene per generation. - Answer locus to locus , 10−4 to 10−7
What are the two basic processes in which proteins are specified by DNA, both involve RNA. -
Answer Transcription and translation
, Transcription - Answer is the process by which DNA specifies a
sequence of mRNA.
Much of the RNA sequence is spliced from the mRNA
before the mRNA leaves the nucleus. The excised sequences are called ________, and those
that remain to code for proteins are called ________. - Answer introns, exons
Transcription factors bind to DNA sequences called ___________ ______ _________ ________
near genes to regulate the timing of transcription, as well as the specific tissues in which genes
are actively transcribed. - Answer transcription factor binding sites
Translation - Answer is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides.
Where does the process of translation take place? - Answer This process takes place in the
ribosomes.
During translation, mRNA interacts with ____, a molecule that has an attachment site for a
specific amino acid. - Answer tRNA
Human cells consist of _______ _______ cells (body cells) and ________ _______ (sperm and
egg cells). - Answer diploid somatic , haploid gametes
Humans have __ pairs of chromosomes: __ of these pairs are autosomes. The remaining pair
consists of the sex chromosomes. - Answer 23, 22
Females have two homologous ___ chromosomes as their sex chromosomes; males have an
_______ chromosome. - Answer X , X and a Y
A karyotype is - Answer an ordered display of chromosomes arranged according to length and
the location of the centromere.
What can be used to make chromosome bands more visible? - Answer Various types of stains
How frequently are major chromosomal abnormalities diagnosed? - Answer About 1 in 150
Bank Questions and Already Passed
Answers 2025-2026.
Genes, the basic units of inheritance, are composed of _____ and are located on the
_____________. - Answer DNA, chromosomes.
The most important constituent of DNA is the four types of nitrogenous bases, labeled __, __,
__, and __. - Answer A, C, G, and T.
They physical structure of DNA is a - Answer double helix
The DNA bases code for amino acids, which in turn make up - Answer proteins.
The amino acids are specified by - Answer triplet codons of nitrogenous bases.
DNA replication is based on - Answer complementary base pairing.
What is complementary base pairing? - Answer Process in which a single strand of DNA serves
as the template for attracting bases that form a new strand of DNA.
____ _____________ is the primary enzyme involved in replication. It adds bases to the new
DNA strand and performs "proofreading" functions. - Answer DNA polymerase
A mutation is - Answer an inherited alteration of genetic material
Substances that cause mutations are called - Answer mutagens.
The mutation rate in humans varies from _______ __ ________ and ranges from ______ __
______ per gene per generation. - Answer locus to locus , 10−4 to 10−7
What are the two basic processes in which proteins are specified by DNA, both involve RNA. -
Answer Transcription and translation
, Transcription - Answer is the process by which DNA specifies a
sequence of mRNA.
Much of the RNA sequence is spliced from the mRNA
before the mRNA leaves the nucleus. The excised sequences are called ________, and those
that remain to code for proteins are called ________. - Answer introns, exons
Transcription factors bind to DNA sequences called ___________ ______ _________ ________
near genes to regulate the timing of transcription, as well as the specific tissues in which genes
are actively transcribed. - Answer transcription factor binding sites
Translation - Answer is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides.
Where does the process of translation take place? - Answer This process takes place in the
ribosomes.
During translation, mRNA interacts with ____, a molecule that has an attachment site for a
specific amino acid. - Answer tRNA
Human cells consist of _______ _______ cells (body cells) and ________ _______ (sperm and
egg cells). - Answer diploid somatic , haploid gametes
Humans have __ pairs of chromosomes: __ of these pairs are autosomes. The remaining pair
consists of the sex chromosomes. - Answer 23, 22
Females have two homologous ___ chromosomes as their sex chromosomes; males have an
_______ chromosome. - Answer X , X and a Y
A karyotype is - Answer an ordered display of chromosomes arranged according to length and
the location of the centromere.
What can be used to make chromosome bands more visible? - Answer Various types of stains
How frequently are major chromosomal abnormalities diagnosed? - Answer About 1 in 150
