ATI FUNDAMENTALS EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Diffusion - ANSWER -The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the RBC.
Measure with pulse ox
Perfusion - ANSWER -The flow of RBC to and from the pulmonary capillaries (to alveoli where gas
exchange happens)
What determines your BP? - ANSWER -- Cardiac Output
- Systemic (peripheral) Vascular Resistance (SVR)
Cardiac Output is determined by - ANSWER -- Heart Rate
- Contractility
- Blood Volume
- Venous Return
*Increase in any of these = Increase in CO and BP
*Decrease in any of these = Decrease in CO and BP
Systemic Vascular Resistance - ANSWER -Reflects the amount of constriction or dilation of the
arteries, and diameter of blood vessels.
*Increase in SVR = Increase BP
*Decrease in SVR = Decrease BP
,BP Classifications - ANSWER -Normal - 120/80 or less
Eye Charts - ANSWER -1. Snellen
- Stand 20 ft away
2. Rosenbaum
- Stand 14 inches away
SAFTEY IS BIG ON THIS ATI!
Factors that affect the patient's ability to protect themselves - ANSWER -- Age
- Mobility
- Cognitive and sensory awareness
- Emotional state
- Ability to communicate
- Lifestyle
- Safety Awareness
Fall Risk - ANSWER -- Decreased visual acuity
- Generalized weakness
- Urinary frequency
- Gait and balance problems (Cerebral palsy, MS, Parkinsons)
- Cognitive dysfunction
- Medication side effects
Seizure precautions - ANSWER -- Have oxygen, suction, oral airway at bedside
,- Padded side rails
- Saline locked IV for immediate access (High risk patients)
- Rapid intervention to maintain airway patency.
- Clutter free environment
- Make sure everyone (family too) knows that if pt. has a seizure, to not put anything in their
mouth during seizure. *Only thing that would go in mouth during seizure is airway for status
epilepticus.
- During seizure do not restrain pt. Lower pt. to floor or bed and protect pt. head. Remove nearby
furniture. Put patient on side with head flexed slightly forward if possible and loosen his clothing.
How would you help prevent falls for a patient with orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWER -- Avoid
getting up to quickly
- Sit on the side of the bed for a few seconds prior to standing
- Stand at the side of the bed a few seconds prior to walking
Seclusion and Restraints - ANSWER -- When everything else fails (orientation to environment,
family member, sitter, diversional activities, electronic devices) is when you use restraints.
- Provider must prescribe after seeing the patient face to face
Provider prescription for restraints must include what? - ANSWER -- Reason for restraints
- Type of restraints
- Location of restraints
- How long to use restraints
- Type of behavior that warrants restraints
- *Prescription only last 4 hours for an adult. Providers may renew these prescriptions with a
maximum of 24 consecutive hours.*
, Restraints in an emergency situation - ANSWER -- When there is an immediate risk to the patient
or others, nurses may place restraints on patient.
- The nurse must then obtain a prescription from the provider ASAP, usually within 1 hour.
Nursing Responsibilities for patients in restraints - ANSWER -- Explain the need for restraints to
pt. and family. They are for safety and are temporary.
- Ask pt. or guardian to sign consent form.
- Assess skin integrity and provide skin care according to hospital protocol, usually Q2.
- Offer fluid and food.
- Provide means for hygiene and elimination.
- Monitor Vitals
- Offer range of motion exercises of extremities.
- Pad bony prominences to prevent skin breakdown.
- Use quick release knot to tie the restraints to the bed frame where they will not tighten when
raising or lowering the bed.
- Fit 2 fingers b/w restraints and patient.
ANSWERS
Diffusion - ANSWER -The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the RBC.
Measure with pulse ox
Perfusion - ANSWER -The flow of RBC to and from the pulmonary capillaries (to alveoli where gas
exchange happens)
What determines your BP? - ANSWER -- Cardiac Output
- Systemic (peripheral) Vascular Resistance (SVR)
Cardiac Output is determined by - ANSWER -- Heart Rate
- Contractility
- Blood Volume
- Venous Return
*Increase in any of these = Increase in CO and BP
*Decrease in any of these = Decrease in CO and BP
Systemic Vascular Resistance - ANSWER -Reflects the amount of constriction or dilation of the
arteries, and diameter of blood vessels.
*Increase in SVR = Increase BP
*Decrease in SVR = Decrease BP
,BP Classifications - ANSWER -Normal - 120/80 or less
Eye Charts - ANSWER -1. Snellen
- Stand 20 ft away
2. Rosenbaum
- Stand 14 inches away
SAFTEY IS BIG ON THIS ATI!
Factors that affect the patient's ability to protect themselves - ANSWER -- Age
- Mobility
- Cognitive and sensory awareness
- Emotional state
- Ability to communicate
- Lifestyle
- Safety Awareness
Fall Risk - ANSWER -- Decreased visual acuity
- Generalized weakness
- Urinary frequency
- Gait and balance problems (Cerebral palsy, MS, Parkinsons)
- Cognitive dysfunction
- Medication side effects
Seizure precautions - ANSWER -- Have oxygen, suction, oral airway at bedside
,- Padded side rails
- Saline locked IV for immediate access (High risk patients)
- Rapid intervention to maintain airway patency.
- Clutter free environment
- Make sure everyone (family too) knows that if pt. has a seizure, to not put anything in their
mouth during seizure. *Only thing that would go in mouth during seizure is airway for status
epilepticus.
- During seizure do not restrain pt. Lower pt. to floor or bed and protect pt. head. Remove nearby
furniture. Put patient on side with head flexed slightly forward if possible and loosen his clothing.
How would you help prevent falls for a patient with orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWER -- Avoid
getting up to quickly
- Sit on the side of the bed for a few seconds prior to standing
- Stand at the side of the bed a few seconds prior to walking
Seclusion and Restraints - ANSWER -- When everything else fails (orientation to environment,
family member, sitter, diversional activities, electronic devices) is when you use restraints.
- Provider must prescribe after seeing the patient face to face
Provider prescription for restraints must include what? - ANSWER -- Reason for restraints
- Type of restraints
- Location of restraints
- How long to use restraints
- Type of behavior that warrants restraints
- *Prescription only last 4 hours for an adult. Providers may renew these prescriptions with a
maximum of 24 consecutive hours.*
, Restraints in an emergency situation - ANSWER -- When there is an immediate risk to the patient
or others, nurses may place restraints on patient.
- The nurse must then obtain a prescription from the provider ASAP, usually within 1 hour.
Nursing Responsibilities for patients in restraints - ANSWER -- Explain the need for restraints to
pt. and family. They are for safety and are temporary.
- Ask pt. or guardian to sign consent form.
- Assess skin integrity and provide skin care according to hospital protocol, usually Q2.
- Offer fluid and food.
- Provide means for hygiene and elimination.
- Monitor Vitals
- Offer range of motion exercises of extremities.
- Pad bony prominences to prevent skin breakdown.
- Use quick release knot to tie the restraints to the bed frame where they will not tighten when
raising or lowering the bed.
- Fit 2 fingers b/w restraints and patient.
