CNS Exam: Cer fied Nutri on Specialist Exam/ Cer fied
Nutri on Specialist: Final Exam
Ques ons and answers Newes RATED A+ 2025/2026
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Dumping syndrome is associated with:
A. Osmo c movement of water into the jejunum due to the presence of carbohydrate
B. Reac ve hypoglycemia
C. Gastric resec on surgery
D. All of the above - Correct Answers Answer: D - Dumping syndrome is associated with the
movement of water into the jejunum due to the presence of carbohydrate. It o$en
accompanies gastric resec on surgery and leads to diarrhea. Reac ve hypoglycemia may result
when carbohydrate in the gut is rapidly digested and absorbed, leading to over-secre on of
insulin.
What do white specs in the nails indicate a deficiency in? - Correct Answers zinc
Q - Which of the following is a common side effect of immunosuppressive drug therapy used in
organ transplanta on?
A. Sodium and fluid diuresis
B. Hyperphosphatemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Decreased vitamin C requirements - Correct Answers Answer: C - Hyperkalemia (elevated
potassium levels) is a common side effect of immunosuppressive drug therapy used in organ
transplanta on, as a result of disturbances in renal hormone ac vity. Sodium and fluid reten on
,and hypophosphatemia (electrolyte disturbance with abnormally low level of phosphate in the
blood) are also side effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Q - Which of the following is true for reac ve hypoglycemia?
A. It is defined as a plasma glucose level less than 70 mg/dl.
B. It is treated with a diet high in complex carbohydrates.
C. It is diagnosed by measuring blood glucose levels one hour a$er ea ng.
D. Peak insulin ac vity occurs 90-180 minutes a$er food is eaten. - Correct Answers Answer: D
- Ini ally a$er ea ng, blood glucose levels become dangerously low following a meal. In reac ve
hypoglycemia peak insulin ac vity occurs 90-180 minutes a$er food is eaten, vs. the normal
insulin response which occurs 30-60 minutes a$er ea ng. Reac ve hypoglycemia is defined as a
plasma glucose level LESS than 50 mg/dl, is treated with a moderate carbohydrate (40 to 55%)
diet, and is diagnosed by measuring blood glucose levels immediately a$er ea ng. Some cri cal
illnesses can cause it--liver and kidney disorders.
Q - Nutrient needs of infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia:
A. Are linked with linear growth
B. May include a res ng energy expenditure 50% higher than that of normal infants
C. May include use of diure cs to regulate water balance
D. All of the above - Correct Answers Answer: D - Nutrient needs of infants diagnosed with
bronchopulmonary disease are linked with linear growth (a measure of lung development), may
include a res ng energy expenditure that is 50% higher than that of normal infants, and may
include the use of diure cs to regulate water balance. Bronchopulmonary disease is a common
lung disorder in premature infants which increases energy needs. Diure cs are o$en needed to
regulate water balance as a result of respiratory compromise.
Q - A food frequency ques onnaire differs from a 24-hour recall in what way:
,A. A food frequency ques onnaire does not inquire about por on sizes.
B. The 24-hour recall asks about typical meal paFerns.
C. A food frequency ques onnaire allows open-ended responses.
D. A food frequency ques onnaire always asks about the same types of foods. - Correct
Answers Answer: B - A food frequency ques onnaire differs from a 24-hour recall because it
does not ask about typical meal paFerns. A food frequency ques onnaire asks about intakes of
different types of foods and usual por on sizes over me, and does not allow open-ended
responses. The types of foods asked about on a food frequency ques onnaire may be changed
to reflect the popula on of interest.
Q - Examples of foods avoided on a low-purine diet are:
A. Eggs, cheese, peanut buFer
B. Sardines, broth, organ meats
C. Carrots, tomatoes, corn
D. Bread, crackers, cold cereal - Correct Answers Answer: B - Examples of foods avoided on a
low-purine diet are sardines, broth, and organ meats. These foods are high in purine and are
eliminated in the treatment of gout, caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. Purines
(chemical compound found in some foods) are broken down into uric acid.
Q - A 25-year old female pa ent recovering from surgery to correct an intes nal obstruc on
needs complete bowel rest which necessitates the use of Total Parenteral Nutri on (TPN). The
pa ent was 10 pounds underweight prior to surgery and is occasionally febrile. Which of the
following formula ons would be most appropriate for this pa ent?
A. 30 kcals, 1 g protein, 30 ml fluid per kg/body weight;100 mg vitamin C, 5 mg zinc per day
B. 45 kcals, 2 g protein, 35 ml fluid per kg/body weight; 200 mg vitamin C, 6 mg zinc per day
C. 60 kcals, 3 g protein, 40 ml fluid per kg/body weight; 500 mg vitamin C, 10 mg zinc per day
D. None of the above - Correct Answers Answer: B - The formula which would be most
appropriate for this pa ent would contain 45 calories, 2 grams of protein, and 35 ml water per
, kg of body weight per day, as well as 200 mg of vitamin C and 6 mg of zinc. Star ng with an
intermediate level of caloric and protein intake, along with moderate vitamin C and zinc to
promote healing, allows staff to monitor the pa ent's progress and determine if adjustment in
the formula is needed.
Q - Steatorrhea (FAT IN STOOL) may be caused by:
A. Disrup on in the ac vity of pancrea c enzymes
B. Excessive produc on of bile salts by the liver
C. Lack of intrinsic factor
D. Intake of more than 70 grams of fat per day - Correct Answers Answer: A - Steatorrhea may
be caused by disrup on in the ac vity of pancrea c enzymes that help to digest fat. It may also
be caused by inadequate produc on of bile salts, which are needed for fat absorp on.
Q - Maple-syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal (chromosome) recessive disorder in
infants caused by:
A. The inability to metabolize branched-chain amino acids
B. Plasma leucine levels exceeding 10 mg/dl
C. A defect in the gene that controls the ac vity of alpha-keto acid hydrogenase
D. A & C - Correct Answers Answer: D - Maple-syrup urine disease (MSUD) in an autosomal
recessive disorder in infants caused by the inability of the body to metabolize the branched-
chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. The inability to break down branched-chain
amino acids is due to a muta on in the gene that controls the ac vity of the enzyme alpha-keto
acid dehyrogenase. Plasma levels of leucine exceeding 10 mg/dl are associated with the
symptoms of MSUD, including lethargy, vomi ng, and neurologic changes.
Q - Food intolerance is dis nguished from food allergy in what way:
Nutri on Specialist: Final Exam
Ques ons and answers Newes RATED A+ 2025/2026
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Dumping syndrome is associated with:
A. Osmo c movement of water into the jejunum due to the presence of carbohydrate
B. Reac ve hypoglycemia
C. Gastric resec on surgery
D. All of the above - Correct Answers Answer: D - Dumping syndrome is associated with the
movement of water into the jejunum due to the presence of carbohydrate. It o$en
accompanies gastric resec on surgery and leads to diarrhea. Reac ve hypoglycemia may result
when carbohydrate in the gut is rapidly digested and absorbed, leading to over-secre on of
insulin.
What do white specs in the nails indicate a deficiency in? - Correct Answers zinc
Q - Which of the following is a common side effect of immunosuppressive drug therapy used in
organ transplanta on?
A. Sodium and fluid diuresis
B. Hyperphosphatemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Decreased vitamin C requirements - Correct Answers Answer: C - Hyperkalemia (elevated
potassium levels) is a common side effect of immunosuppressive drug therapy used in organ
transplanta on, as a result of disturbances in renal hormone ac vity. Sodium and fluid reten on
,and hypophosphatemia (electrolyte disturbance with abnormally low level of phosphate in the
blood) are also side effects of immunosuppressive drugs.
Q - Which of the following is true for reac ve hypoglycemia?
A. It is defined as a plasma glucose level less than 70 mg/dl.
B. It is treated with a diet high in complex carbohydrates.
C. It is diagnosed by measuring blood glucose levels one hour a$er ea ng.
D. Peak insulin ac vity occurs 90-180 minutes a$er food is eaten. - Correct Answers Answer: D
- Ini ally a$er ea ng, blood glucose levels become dangerously low following a meal. In reac ve
hypoglycemia peak insulin ac vity occurs 90-180 minutes a$er food is eaten, vs. the normal
insulin response which occurs 30-60 minutes a$er ea ng. Reac ve hypoglycemia is defined as a
plasma glucose level LESS than 50 mg/dl, is treated with a moderate carbohydrate (40 to 55%)
diet, and is diagnosed by measuring blood glucose levels immediately a$er ea ng. Some cri cal
illnesses can cause it--liver and kidney disorders.
Q - Nutrient needs of infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia:
A. Are linked with linear growth
B. May include a res ng energy expenditure 50% higher than that of normal infants
C. May include use of diure cs to regulate water balance
D. All of the above - Correct Answers Answer: D - Nutrient needs of infants diagnosed with
bronchopulmonary disease are linked with linear growth (a measure of lung development), may
include a res ng energy expenditure that is 50% higher than that of normal infants, and may
include the use of diure cs to regulate water balance. Bronchopulmonary disease is a common
lung disorder in premature infants which increases energy needs. Diure cs are o$en needed to
regulate water balance as a result of respiratory compromise.
Q - A food frequency ques onnaire differs from a 24-hour recall in what way:
,A. A food frequency ques onnaire does not inquire about por on sizes.
B. The 24-hour recall asks about typical meal paFerns.
C. A food frequency ques onnaire allows open-ended responses.
D. A food frequency ques onnaire always asks about the same types of foods. - Correct
Answers Answer: B - A food frequency ques onnaire differs from a 24-hour recall because it
does not ask about typical meal paFerns. A food frequency ques onnaire asks about intakes of
different types of foods and usual por on sizes over me, and does not allow open-ended
responses. The types of foods asked about on a food frequency ques onnaire may be changed
to reflect the popula on of interest.
Q - Examples of foods avoided on a low-purine diet are:
A. Eggs, cheese, peanut buFer
B. Sardines, broth, organ meats
C. Carrots, tomatoes, corn
D. Bread, crackers, cold cereal - Correct Answers Answer: B - Examples of foods avoided on a
low-purine diet are sardines, broth, and organ meats. These foods are high in purine and are
eliminated in the treatment of gout, caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. Purines
(chemical compound found in some foods) are broken down into uric acid.
Q - A 25-year old female pa ent recovering from surgery to correct an intes nal obstruc on
needs complete bowel rest which necessitates the use of Total Parenteral Nutri on (TPN). The
pa ent was 10 pounds underweight prior to surgery and is occasionally febrile. Which of the
following formula ons would be most appropriate for this pa ent?
A. 30 kcals, 1 g protein, 30 ml fluid per kg/body weight;100 mg vitamin C, 5 mg zinc per day
B. 45 kcals, 2 g protein, 35 ml fluid per kg/body weight; 200 mg vitamin C, 6 mg zinc per day
C. 60 kcals, 3 g protein, 40 ml fluid per kg/body weight; 500 mg vitamin C, 10 mg zinc per day
D. None of the above - Correct Answers Answer: B - The formula which would be most
appropriate for this pa ent would contain 45 calories, 2 grams of protein, and 35 ml water per
, kg of body weight per day, as well as 200 mg of vitamin C and 6 mg of zinc. Star ng with an
intermediate level of caloric and protein intake, along with moderate vitamin C and zinc to
promote healing, allows staff to monitor the pa ent's progress and determine if adjustment in
the formula is needed.
Q - Steatorrhea (FAT IN STOOL) may be caused by:
A. Disrup on in the ac vity of pancrea c enzymes
B. Excessive produc on of bile salts by the liver
C. Lack of intrinsic factor
D. Intake of more than 70 grams of fat per day - Correct Answers Answer: A - Steatorrhea may
be caused by disrup on in the ac vity of pancrea c enzymes that help to digest fat. It may also
be caused by inadequate produc on of bile salts, which are needed for fat absorp on.
Q - Maple-syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal (chromosome) recessive disorder in
infants caused by:
A. The inability to metabolize branched-chain amino acids
B. Plasma leucine levels exceeding 10 mg/dl
C. A defect in the gene that controls the ac vity of alpha-keto acid hydrogenase
D. A & C - Correct Answers Answer: D - Maple-syrup urine disease (MSUD) in an autosomal
recessive disorder in infants caused by the inability of the body to metabolize the branched-
chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. The inability to break down branched-chain
amino acids is due to a muta on in the gene that controls the ac vity of the enzyme alpha-keto
acid dehyrogenase. Plasma levels of leucine exceeding 10 mg/dl are associated with the
symptoms of MSUD, including lethargy, vomi ng, and neurologic changes.
Q - Food intolerance is dis nguished from food allergy in what way:
