Musculoskeletal disorders
Introduction:
This report is about how disorders affect the function and structure
of the musculoskeletal system, and the impact the condition has on
the workers/patients health.
Additionally, I will also describe the functions and the types of
bones in the skeletal system.
Musculoskeletal system (P1):
The musculoskeletal system or locomotor system is responsible for
the mobility, shape, support and stability of the human body.
It incorporates the muscular system and the skeletal system.
This system consists of bones, muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments,
cartilage and other connective tissues.
The primary function of the musculoskeletal system is to support
the body and allow movement as well as protecting the organs.
The bones (skeleton) provide stability, give the body its shape and
allow locomotion. The muscles keep the bones in place and help in
movement because without the muscles the bones would not be
able to move.
Tendons are connective tissues that attach the muscles to the
bones and this authorise the muscles to contract and bones to
move.
Skeletal system:
This system provides support to the muscles and different soft
tissues, along with giving the body its structure. The skeletal system
does not only provide stability and movements, but it also shields
the internal organs of the body such as the heart, lungs and the
brain.
The skeletal system is fundamentally bones that are joined together
to support the body and protect the vital organs.
1
,The human body consists of 206 bones, yet babies are born with
roughly 300 bones. There are 206 bones organised in the axial
skeleton (skull, backbone and rib cage) and the appendicular
skeleton (limps and limbs girdles), which includes all the bones in
the upper and lower limbs and the bones whihch attaches the limbs
to the axial skeleton.
These bones include the skull, spine (vertebrae), ribs, arm, hands,
pelvis, legs and feet.
The skeletal system includes:
● Skull (The part of the skull surrounding the brain is known as
the cranium, the skull consists of 22 bones. Babies have
cranial fontanels (at birth babies have a membrane filled
space between the cranial bones, these areas are soft but
eventually become filled with bones). The skull cushions the
brain.)
● Medulla oblongata (connects the brainstem to the spinal cord)
● Vertebral column
● Collarbone
● Shoulder blade
● Rib cage
● Pelvic girdle
● Bones of hands, arms, legs and feet.
Bones are made up of connective tissues and are strengthened
with calcium, since calcium and collagen work together to make the
bones flexible and strong. Many of these bones contain bone
marrow, this is where the red blood cells are produced, bones also
store fats and calcium as well as creating blood cells.
The bones are living, active tissues that connect with each other via
joints and have a blood supply. The bone grows and is constantly
changing and repairs itself when damaged.
The skeletal system has a framework for muscles and tissues
attachment. It supports the body against the pull of gravity; for
example the lower limbs support the torso (upper body) or the
weight when standing.
2
, In order to have healthy bones calcium and vitamin D are needed.
Calcium helps keep your bones healthy, it is needed to keep the
bones dense and strong this would reduce the chances of injuries
such as bone fracture.
Whereas vitamin D supports the muscles and helps the body to
absorb calcium.
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to the loss of bone density, which
would further make the patient a risk factor to fractures and
osteoporosis. In children it can lead to diseases like rickets (bones
become soft and bend) since their body is still growing.
Bones are often irregular shapes because they provide surfaces for
muscle attachment. Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that
attach skeletal muscle tissues to bones, this is needed for
movement.
Bones are made up of minerals and store calcium and phosphorus.
This is crucial for the bone to balance the calcium level in your
blood.
Furthermore, red bone marrow that is found in spongy bone is the
venue of hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells from
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Bone marrow is the spongy and soft material that is located in the
centre of the bones, it produces approximately 95% of the blood
cells (red blood cells, and white blood cells).
Lastely, the skeletal system maintains minerals homeostasis by
regulating the level of calcium, glucose, fat deposition and other
minerals in the blood. They do this by storing or releasing the
minerals from the bones when needed. Bones regulate glucose and
fat deposition in the blood through the secretion of the endocrine
hormone osteocalcin.
There are different types of bones in the human body such as:
● Long bones = it is a long and thin bone such as the femur
which is the longest bone in the body, (some bones in the
arms and legs are long bones) these bones allow movement.
These bones can be found in the appendicular skeleton.
3
Introduction:
This report is about how disorders affect the function and structure
of the musculoskeletal system, and the impact the condition has on
the workers/patients health.
Additionally, I will also describe the functions and the types of
bones in the skeletal system.
Musculoskeletal system (P1):
The musculoskeletal system or locomotor system is responsible for
the mobility, shape, support and stability of the human body.
It incorporates the muscular system and the skeletal system.
This system consists of bones, muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments,
cartilage and other connective tissues.
The primary function of the musculoskeletal system is to support
the body and allow movement as well as protecting the organs.
The bones (skeleton) provide stability, give the body its shape and
allow locomotion. The muscles keep the bones in place and help in
movement because without the muscles the bones would not be
able to move.
Tendons are connective tissues that attach the muscles to the
bones and this authorise the muscles to contract and bones to
move.
Skeletal system:
This system provides support to the muscles and different soft
tissues, along with giving the body its structure. The skeletal system
does not only provide stability and movements, but it also shields
the internal organs of the body such as the heart, lungs and the
brain.
The skeletal system is fundamentally bones that are joined together
to support the body and protect the vital organs.
1
,The human body consists of 206 bones, yet babies are born with
roughly 300 bones. There are 206 bones organised in the axial
skeleton (skull, backbone and rib cage) and the appendicular
skeleton (limps and limbs girdles), which includes all the bones in
the upper and lower limbs and the bones whihch attaches the limbs
to the axial skeleton.
These bones include the skull, spine (vertebrae), ribs, arm, hands,
pelvis, legs and feet.
The skeletal system includes:
● Skull (The part of the skull surrounding the brain is known as
the cranium, the skull consists of 22 bones. Babies have
cranial fontanels (at birth babies have a membrane filled
space between the cranial bones, these areas are soft but
eventually become filled with bones). The skull cushions the
brain.)
● Medulla oblongata (connects the brainstem to the spinal cord)
● Vertebral column
● Collarbone
● Shoulder blade
● Rib cage
● Pelvic girdle
● Bones of hands, arms, legs and feet.
Bones are made up of connective tissues and are strengthened
with calcium, since calcium and collagen work together to make the
bones flexible and strong. Many of these bones contain bone
marrow, this is where the red blood cells are produced, bones also
store fats and calcium as well as creating blood cells.
The bones are living, active tissues that connect with each other via
joints and have a blood supply. The bone grows and is constantly
changing and repairs itself when damaged.
The skeletal system has a framework for muscles and tissues
attachment. It supports the body against the pull of gravity; for
example the lower limbs support the torso (upper body) or the
weight when standing.
2
, In order to have healthy bones calcium and vitamin D are needed.
Calcium helps keep your bones healthy, it is needed to keep the
bones dense and strong this would reduce the chances of injuries
such as bone fracture.
Whereas vitamin D supports the muscles and helps the body to
absorb calcium.
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to the loss of bone density, which
would further make the patient a risk factor to fractures and
osteoporosis. In children it can lead to diseases like rickets (bones
become soft and bend) since their body is still growing.
Bones are often irregular shapes because they provide surfaces for
muscle attachment. Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that
attach skeletal muscle tissues to bones, this is needed for
movement.
Bones are made up of minerals and store calcium and phosphorus.
This is crucial for the bone to balance the calcium level in your
blood.
Furthermore, red bone marrow that is found in spongy bone is the
venue of hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells from
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Bone marrow is the spongy and soft material that is located in the
centre of the bones, it produces approximately 95% of the blood
cells (red blood cells, and white blood cells).
Lastely, the skeletal system maintains minerals homeostasis by
regulating the level of calcium, glucose, fat deposition and other
minerals in the blood. They do this by storing or releasing the
minerals from the bones when needed. Bones regulate glucose and
fat deposition in the blood through the secretion of the endocrine
hormone osteocalcin.
There are different types of bones in the human body such as:
● Long bones = it is a long and thin bone such as the femur
which is the longest bone in the body, (some bones in the
arms and legs are long bones) these bones allow movement.
These bones can be found in the appendicular skeleton.
3
