Clinical Neuroscience, Clark, Baylor University (1) Signal Transduction Packet Questions With Complete Solutions

Clinical Neuroscience, Clark, Baylor University (1) Signal
Transduction Packet Questions With Complete Solutions

2nd messenger system Correct Answers *hormone binds to
receptor on cell surface
*actives G-protein on the inner cell membrane
*actives a second messenger (cAMP)
*cAMP actives enzymes that can carry out desired reaction

2nd messenger: Ca2+ ( source, target, removal) Correct
Answers Source:
1. PLASMA MEM.: voltage gated Ca+ channels and ligand
gated
2. ER: IP3 receptors and ryanodine receptors

Intracellular targets:
- calmodulin
- protein kinase and phosphatase
- ion channels
- synaptotagmin

Removal Mechanisms:
1. PLASMA MEM.: 2Na+/1Ca+ exchanger, Ca pump
2. ER: Ca pump
3. MITOCHONDRIA: keeps it from floating around

2nd messenger: Cyclic AMP ( source, target, removal) Correct
Answers Source: AC acts on ATP

Intracellular targets: Protein Kinase A, cyclic nucleotide gated
channels

, Removal Mechanisms: cAMP phosphodiesterase

2nd messenger: Cyclic GMP ( source, target, removal) Correct
Answers Source: GC acts on ATP

Intracellular targets: Protein Kinase G, cyclic nucleotide gated
channels

Removal Mechanisms: cGMP phosphodiesterase

2nd messenger: DAG ( source, target, removal) Correct
Answers Source: PC acts on IP2 (on cell mem)

Intracellular targets: Protein Kinase C

Removal Mechanisms: many different enzymes not worth
memorizing

2nd messenger: IP3 ( source, target, removal) Correct Answers
Source: PC acts on IP2 (on cell mem)

Intracellular targets: IP3 receptors on ER that allows Ca+ to
enter cell

Removal Mechanisms: Phosphates

Describe CaMKII and CaMKIV Correct Answers -
intracellular influx through the VGCC or from intracellular
stores of Ca+ binds calmodulin