Clean Needle Technique
In order to maintain greatest safety for practitioners, always make and act upon the following
assumption: - answers✔✔all patients may have a bloodborne pathogen
The immune system consists of 2 major components: - answers✔✔Humoral and Cellular
This immunity consists of naturally occurring antibodies. Protein systems and Contact Cascades! -
answers✔✔humoral immunity
This immunity consists of Neutrophils, Macrophages/Monocytes, B-Cells, T- Cells. - answers✔✔cellular
immunity
________________ components consist of the constitutive complement protein system and
immunoglobins. - answers✔✔Humoral
immunoglobin: the main infection-fighting antibody type in our bloodstream - answers✔✔IgG
immunoglobin: helps to protect the gut and respiratory tract - answers✔✔IgA
immunoglobin: a preliminary response antibody, made at the early signs of infection - answers✔✔IgM
immunoglobin: fight against parasites, also responsible for triggering allergy symptoms - answers✔✔IgE
The body is _____________ exposed to infectious agents, some of which are normally found in or on
specific areas of the body, especially on the skin, in the mouth, respiratory passageways, urinary tract,
colon, and mucous membranes of the eyes. - answers✔✔constantly
Intact skin, mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra, and rectum. Stomach acid, respiratory
mucosa, cleansing, effect of tears, urine, and vaginal secretions.
, These are known as.... - answers✔✔Natural Barriers
These include contaminants on the skin of practitioners' and patients' hands, blood, saliva, sweat, nasal
and other bodily secretions, dust, clothing, and hair. - answers✔✔There are many potential sources of
infectious diseases in an acupuncture practice setting.
Infections associated with acupuncture may be classified into two types according to the source of the
disease agent... - answers✔✔autogenous and cross-infections
Created when pathogens already present in a person are moved into the body or to another location
within the body where they are considered pathogenic. - answers✔✔Autogenous Infection
Caused by pathogens acquired from another person or by the environment. There are two types: Direct
and Transfer - answers✔✔Cross-Infections
Contact between patient and practitioner. - answers✔✔Direct Cross Infection
Carried from one patient to another on the unwashed hands of the practitioner or contaminated
instruments. - answers✔✔Transfer Cross Infection
Some of the most serious organisms that are associated with cross-infections include the ____________,
_____________, and ______________________________. ___________________ is also a significant
public health concern in the United States, including strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to
antitubercular antibiotics. - answers✔✔HBV, HIV, MRSA, TB
An example of an _________________________ is impetigo where normal skin bacteria enter into
subcutaneous areas through a break in the skin and set up a pustule. - answers✔✔Autogenous Infection
Escherichia coli (E. coli), a common intestinal organism, may cause serious infections in the urinary
bladder, a region where the organism is not normally found. Intestinal organisms such as E. coli can
cause life-threatening peritonitis following injury to the bowel.
In order to maintain greatest safety for practitioners, always make and act upon the following
assumption: - answers✔✔all patients may have a bloodborne pathogen
The immune system consists of 2 major components: - answers✔✔Humoral and Cellular
This immunity consists of naturally occurring antibodies. Protein systems and Contact Cascades! -
answers✔✔humoral immunity
This immunity consists of Neutrophils, Macrophages/Monocytes, B-Cells, T- Cells. - answers✔✔cellular
immunity
________________ components consist of the constitutive complement protein system and
immunoglobins. - answers✔✔Humoral
immunoglobin: the main infection-fighting antibody type in our bloodstream - answers✔✔IgG
immunoglobin: helps to protect the gut and respiratory tract - answers✔✔IgA
immunoglobin: a preliminary response antibody, made at the early signs of infection - answers✔✔IgM
immunoglobin: fight against parasites, also responsible for triggering allergy symptoms - answers✔✔IgE
The body is _____________ exposed to infectious agents, some of which are normally found in or on
specific areas of the body, especially on the skin, in the mouth, respiratory passageways, urinary tract,
colon, and mucous membranes of the eyes. - answers✔✔constantly
Intact skin, mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra, and rectum. Stomach acid, respiratory
mucosa, cleansing, effect of tears, urine, and vaginal secretions.
, These are known as.... - answers✔✔Natural Barriers
These include contaminants on the skin of practitioners' and patients' hands, blood, saliva, sweat, nasal
and other bodily secretions, dust, clothing, and hair. - answers✔✔There are many potential sources of
infectious diseases in an acupuncture practice setting.
Infections associated with acupuncture may be classified into two types according to the source of the
disease agent... - answers✔✔autogenous and cross-infections
Created when pathogens already present in a person are moved into the body or to another location
within the body where they are considered pathogenic. - answers✔✔Autogenous Infection
Caused by pathogens acquired from another person or by the environment. There are two types: Direct
and Transfer - answers✔✔Cross-Infections
Contact between patient and practitioner. - answers✔✔Direct Cross Infection
Carried from one patient to another on the unwashed hands of the practitioner or contaminated
instruments. - answers✔✔Transfer Cross Infection
Some of the most serious organisms that are associated with cross-infections include the ____________,
_____________, and ______________________________. ___________________ is also a significant
public health concern in the United States, including strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to
antitubercular antibiotics. - answers✔✔HBV, HIV, MRSA, TB
An example of an _________________________ is impetigo where normal skin bacteria enter into
subcutaneous areas through a break in the skin and set up a pustule. - answers✔✔Autogenous Infection
Escherichia coli (E. coli), a common intestinal organism, may cause serious infections in the urinary
bladder, a region where the organism is not normally found. Intestinal organisms such as E. coli can
cause life-threatening peritonitis following injury to the bowel.
