NU 308 Pediatrics Fluids and Electrolytes
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Which children are more vulnerable to fluid alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER -
increased BSA, increased metabolic rate, immature kidneys if under 2yrs, increased fluid in
extracellular compartment
What can be increased if BSA is increased? - CORRECT ANSWER - skin and GI losses
What can be increased if metabolic rate is increased? - CORRECT ANSWER - wastes,
heat
List increased fluid requirements - CORRECT ANSWER - fever, vomiting, diarrhea, DI,
burns, shock, tachypnea, phototherapy
List decreased fluid requirements - CORRECT ANSWER - HF, SIADH, post-op, RF,
Increased ICP
Why fluid is not much required after surgery? - CORRECT ANSWER - ADH is released
to increase the water in the body
If fluid is ingested, what is excreted? - CORRECT ANSWER - urine in 24 hr
T/F: Ice cream can be considered liquid because it turns liquid at room temperature. - CORRECT
ANSWER - true
What does it mean by imbalance of intake and output of the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER - dehydration or fluid overload with edema
,Which pressure is altered in dehydration? - CORRECT ANSWER - osmotic
Which pressure is altered in fluid overload with edema? - CORRECT ANSWER -
hydrostatic pressure
What can NG suction cause d/t hypotonicity? - CORRECT ANSWER - hyponatremia and
fluid shifts to 3rd space
Which electrolytes can be lost during NG suction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Na, K,
Acid(H+)
Which IV fluid can replace amount lost from NG suction? - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.9%
NS
Which IV fluids must be infused at same time with 0.9% NS for replacing Na? - CORRECT
ANSWER - maintenance IV fluids
T/F: Time of infusing 0.9% NS for replacing Na lost from NG suction should be only slow as
possible, not fast. - CORRECT ANSWER - false, it can be fast or slow
Which IV solution has same concentration with blood? - CORRECT ANSWER - isotonic
What does Isotonic solution does to the blood vessels and cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -
expand intravascular and add Na
How is water shift of isotonic solution? - CORRECT ANSWER - little moves into
interstitial
Which patients should use cautiously with isotonic solution? - CORRECT ANSWER -
HF, RF
, In which situation can isotonic solution be used? - CORRECT ANSWER - hemorrhage,
hypovolemia
When a pregnant patient is having hemorrhage, which IV solution should be used? - CORRECT
ANSWER - isotonic
When a patient is experiencing water depletion, which IV solution can be used? - CORRECT
ANSWER - isotonic
Which IV solution is this: Ionosol - CORRECT ANSWER - isotonic
List examples of isotonic IV solution - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.9% NS, Ionosol, LR,
ringers
What is difference between LR or ringers and 0.9% NS? - CORRECT ANSWER - LR or
ringers also has Ca, K with Na
What are other solutions that are close to isotonic? - CORRECT ANSWER - D5 0.22%,
D5 0.3%
How can D5 0.22% or D5 0.3% be similar to isotonic solution? - CORRECT ANSWER -
it becomes slight hypotonic as it is metabolized
What does liver metabolize and convert the lactate? - CORRECT ANSWER - bicarbonate
Why liver does metabolize and convert the lactate into bicarbonate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - to correct acidosis
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Which children are more vulnerable to fluid alterations? - CORRECT ANSWER -
increased BSA, increased metabolic rate, immature kidneys if under 2yrs, increased fluid in
extracellular compartment
What can be increased if BSA is increased? - CORRECT ANSWER - skin and GI losses
What can be increased if metabolic rate is increased? - CORRECT ANSWER - wastes,
heat
List increased fluid requirements - CORRECT ANSWER - fever, vomiting, diarrhea, DI,
burns, shock, tachypnea, phototherapy
List decreased fluid requirements - CORRECT ANSWER - HF, SIADH, post-op, RF,
Increased ICP
Why fluid is not much required after surgery? - CORRECT ANSWER - ADH is released
to increase the water in the body
If fluid is ingested, what is excreted? - CORRECT ANSWER - urine in 24 hr
T/F: Ice cream can be considered liquid because it turns liquid at room temperature. - CORRECT
ANSWER - true
What does it mean by imbalance of intake and output of the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER - dehydration or fluid overload with edema
,Which pressure is altered in dehydration? - CORRECT ANSWER - osmotic
Which pressure is altered in fluid overload with edema? - CORRECT ANSWER -
hydrostatic pressure
What can NG suction cause d/t hypotonicity? - CORRECT ANSWER - hyponatremia and
fluid shifts to 3rd space
Which electrolytes can be lost during NG suction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Na, K,
Acid(H+)
Which IV fluid can replace amount lost from NG suction? - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.9%
NS
Which IV fluids must be infused at same time with 0.9% NS for replacing Na? - CORRECT
ANSWER - maintenance IV fluids
T/F: Time of infusing 0.9% NS for replacing Na lost from NG suction should be only slow as
possible, not fast. - CORRECT ANSWER - false, it can be fast or slow
Which IV solution has same concentration with blood? - CORRECT ANSWER - isotonic
What does Isotonic solution does to the blood vessels and cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -
expand intravascular and add Na
How is water shift of isotonic solution? - CORRECT ANSWER - little moves into
interstitial
Which patients should use cautiously with isotonic solution? - CORRECT ANSWER -
HF, RF
, In which situation can isotonic solution be used? - CORRECT ANSWER - hemorrhage,
hypovolemia
When a pregnant patient is having hemorrhage, which IV solution should be used? - CORRECT
ANSWER - isotonic
When a patient is experiencing water depletion, which IV solution can be used? - CORRECT
ANSWER - isotonic
Which IV solution is this: Ionosol - CORRECT ANSWER - isotonic
List examples of isotonic IV solution - CORRECT ANSWER - 0.9% NS, Ionosol, LR,
ringers
What is difference between LR or ringers and 0.9% NS? - CORRECT ANSWER - LR or
ringers also has Ca, K with Na
What are other solutions that are close to isotonic? - CORRECT ANSWER - D5 0.22%,
D5 0.3%
How can D5 0.22% or D5 0.3% be similar to isotonic solution? - CORRECT ANSWER -
it becomes slight hypotonic as it is metabolized
What does liver metabolize and convert the lactate? - CORRECT ANSWER - bicarbonate
Why liver does metabolize and convert the lactate into bicarbonate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - to correct acidosis
