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NURS 221 exam 1 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
what are the two main body fluid compartments
⼀Answer:⼀ intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
what can extracellular fluid be broken down into (2 classes)
⼀Answer:⼀ interstitial and plasma (vascular space)
what are the 3 main processes of fluid movement?
⼀Answer:⼀ filtration
diffusion
osmosis
hydrostatic pressure
⼀Answer:⼀ Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a vessel
wall.
osmotic pressure
⼀Answer:⼀ pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic
movement across a selectively permeable membrane
describe filtation
, Page | 2
⼀Answer:⼀ movement of water and particles due to hydro static
pressure.
describe diffusion
⼀Answer:⼀ movement of particles from high to low concentration
describe osmosis
⼀Answer:⼀ diffusion of water
active transport
⼀Answer:⼀ Energy-requiring process that moves material across a
cell membrane against a concentration difference
how much is normal insensible fluid loss
⼀Answer:⼀ 1100ml/day
ADH
⼀Answer:⼀ antidiuretic hormone
Where is ADH produced?
⼀Answer:⼀ posterior pituitary
what does ADH do
⼀Answer:⼀ increases reabsorption of h2o in kidneys and causes
vasoconstriction (increases fluid volume)
where do natriuretic peptides come from
, Page | 3
⼀Answer:⼀ heart and brain
what are natriuretic peptides
⼀Answer:⼀ inhibits reabsorption of Na and h2o in kidneys
(increasing urine production/ decreasing fluid volume)
Aldosterone is part of what system?
⼀Answer:⼀ RAAS renin angiotension 2 pathway
what does aldosterone do regarding fluid balance
⼀Answer:⼀ increases reabsorption of na+ and h2o in kidneys
normal serum osmolarity
⼀Answer:⼀ 270-300
what are the two broad causes of dehydration
⼀Answer:⼀ - excessive loss
- low intake
define actual dehydration
⼀Answer:⼀ decrease in total body water caused by either too little
intake or too great output
define relative dehydration
⼀Answer:⼀ no actual loss of water but rather h2o shifts from plasma
to interstitial space
NURS 221 exam 1 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
what are the two main body fluid compartments
⼀Answer:⼀ intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
what can extracellular fluid be broken down into (2 classes)
⼀Answer:⼀ interstitial and plasma (vascular space)
what are the 3 main processes of fluid movement?
⼀Answer:⼀ filtration
diffusion
osmosis
hydrostatic pressure
⼀Answer:⼀ Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a vessel
wall.
osmotic pressure
⼀Answer:⼀ pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic
movement across a selectively permeable membrane
describe filtation
, Page | 2
⼀Answer:⼀ movement of water and particles due to hydro static
pressure.
describe diffusion
⼀Answer:⼀ movement of particles from high to low concentration
describe osmosis
⼀Answer:⼀ diffusion of water
active transport
⼀Answer:⼀ Energy-requiring process that moves material across a
cell membrane against a concentration difference
how much is normal insensible fluid loss
⼀Answer:⼀ 1100ml/day
ADH
⼀Answer:⼀ antidiuretic hormone
Where is ADH produced?
⼀Answer:⼀ posterior pituitary
what does ADH do
⼀Answer:⼀ increases reabsorption of h2o in kidneys and causes
vasoconstriction (increases fluid volume)
where do natriuretic peptides come from
, Page | 3
⼀Answer:⼀ heart and brain
what are natriuretic peptides
⼀Answer:⼀ inhibits reabsorption of Na and h2o in kidneys
(increasing urine production/ decreasing fluid volume)
Aldosterone is part of what system?
⼀Answer:⼀ RAAS renin angiotension 2 pathway
what does aldosterone do regarding fluid balance
⼀Answer:⼀ increases reabsorption of na+ and h2o in kidneys
normal serum osmolarity
⼀Answer:⼀ 270-300
what are the two broad causes of dehydration
⼀Answer:⼀ - excessive loss
- low intake
define actual dehydration
⼀Answer:⼀ decrease in total body water caused by either too little
intake or too great output
define relative dehydration
⼀Answer:⼀ no actual loss of water but rather h2o shifts from plasma
to interstitial space
