PSYC2301 Unit 1 Exam Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - The scientific study of behavior and mental
processes.
Father of Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - Wilhelm Wundt
Introspection - CORRECT ANSWER - A process of looking inward to understand oneself
through self-awareness and self-reflection.
Wilhelm Wundt - CORRECT ANSWER - Known for the structuralism approach that used
introspection to study the basic elements of the mind.
Edward Titchener - CORRECT ANSWER - A student of Wundt's who brought his ideas
to the U.S. He sought to identify the basic building blocks, or 'structures' of mental life through
introspection.
William James - CORRECT ANSWER - Founded the perspective known as
functionalism, which explored how mental and behavioral processes function to enable
organisms to adapt to the environment.
Sigmund Freud - CORRECT ANSWER - Founder of the psychoanalytic perspective,
which focuses on unconscious processes, unresolved conflicts, and past experiences.
John B. Watson - CORRECT ANSWER - Founder of Behaviorism; adopted Ivan Pavlov's
concept of conditioning to explain behavior as a result of observable stimuli and observable
responses.
, B.F. Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the best-known behaviorists; was convinced
that behaviorist approaches could be used to shape both human and non-human animal behavior.
Charles Darwin - CORRECT ANSWER - The evolutionary perspective; he suggested that
natural forces select traits that aid an organism's survival.
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER - Two central figures in the
Humanistic perspective; believed all individuals are born with free will and naturally strive to
develop and move toward self-actualization.
Basic Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Conducted to advance core scientific
knowledge.
Applied Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Primarily conducted to solve practical, real-
world problems.
Descriptive Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Research that systematically observes and
records behavior and mental processes without manipulating variables.
Observation - CORRECT ANSWER - A descriptive research technique that assesses and
records behavior and mental processes in natural, real-world and/or laboratory settings.
Survey/Interview - CORRECT ANSWER - A descriptive research technique that
questions a large sample of people to assess their behaviors and mental processes.
Case Study - CORRECT ANSWER - A descriptive research technique involving an in-
depth study of a single research participant or a small group of individuals.
Archival Research - CORRECT ANSWER - A descriptive research technique that studies
existing data to find answers to research questions.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - The scientific study of behavior and mental
processes.
Father of Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - Wilhelm Wundt
Introspection - CORRECT ANSWER - A process of looking inward to understand oneself
through self-awareness and self-reflection.
Wilhelm Wundt - CORRECT ANSWER - Known for the structuralism approach that used
introspection to study the basic elements of the mind.
Edward Titchener - CORRECT ANSWER - A student of Wundt's who brought his ideas
to the U.S. He sought to identify the basic building blocks, or 'structures' of mental life through
introspection.
William James - CORRECT ANSWER - Founded the perspective known as
functionalism, which explored how mental and behavioral processes function to enable
organisms to adapt to the environment.
Sigmund Freud - CORRECT ANSWER - Founder of the psychoanalytic perspective,
which focuses on unconscious processes, unresolved conflicts, and past experiences.
John B. Watson - CORRECT ANSWER - Founder of Behaviorism; adopted Ivan Pavlov's
concept of conditioning to explain behavior as a result of observable stimuli and observable
responses.
, B.F. Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the best-known behaviorists; was convinced
that behaviorist approaches could be used to shape both human and non-human animal behavior.
Charles Darwin - CORRECT ANSWER - The evolutionary perspective; he suggested that
natural forces select traits that aid an organism's survival.
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER - Two central figures in the
Humanistic perspective; believed all individuals are born with free will and naturally strive to
develop and move toward self-actualization.
Basic Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Conducted to advance core scientific
knowledge.
Applied Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Primarily conducted to solve practical, real-
world problems.
Descriptive Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Research that systematically observes and
records behavior and mental processes without manipulating variables.
Observation - CORRECT ANSWER - A descriptive research technique that assesses and
records behavior and mental processes in natural, real-world and/or laboratory settings.
Survey/Interview - CORRECT ANSWER - A descriptive research technique that
questions a large sample of people to assess their behaviors and mental processes.
Case Study - CORRECT ANSWER - A descriptive research technique involving an in-
depth study of a single research participant or a small group of individuals.
Archival Research - CORRECT ANSWER - A descriptive research technique that studies
existing data to find answers to research questions.
