Bates Chapter 17 Neuro
Brain has 4 regions - 1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon
3. Brainstem
4. Cerebellum
Brain hemisphere - 1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipatal
Neurons - Interconnecting nerve cells, consisting of cell bodies
Axons - Single long fibers conduct impulses to other parts of nervous system
Basal Ganglia (deep in brain) - Affects movement
Thalamus - Process sensory impulses
Hypothalamus - Maintains homeostasis & temperature regulation, HR, BP
Affects endocrine system
Governs emotional behaviors e.g. anger, sexual drive
Hormones act directly on pituitary vgland vstructures vin vdiencephalon
Gray vmatter v- vAggregations vneuronal vcell vbodies.
Rims vsurfaces vof vcerebral vhemispheres v= vforms vcerebral vcortex
White vmatter v- vneuronal vaxons vcoated vw vmyelin v(white vcolor),
vallow vnerve vimpulses vto vrapidly vtravel
Consciousness v- vinteractions vbetween vintact vcerebral vhemispheres v& vreticular vactivating
v(arousal) vsystem vin v(*diencephalon v& vupper vbrainstem*)
Identify vthe
vfollowing...
vcerebellum
occipital vlobe
vparietal vlobe
vcorpus
vcallosum
vfrontal vlobe
vmidbrain
pons
vmedulla
v-
Identify vthe
vfollowing...
vcerebellum
occipital vlobe
vwernicke's varea
,Bates Chapter 17 Neuro
parietal vlobe
vpostcentral
vgyrus vcentral
vsulcus
vprecentral
vsulcus vfrontal
vlobe vlateral
vfissure vbroca's
varea vtemporal
vlobe vmedula v-
Cerebellum v- vBase vof vbrain; v*coordinates vall vmovement*, vhelps vmaintain
*body vupright vin vspace*
Lumbar vpuncture v- vL3-L4 vor vL4-L5 vvertebral vinterspaces vto vavoid vspinal vcord vinjuries
Cauda vequina. v- vFan vout vlike va vhorse's vtail vat vL1-L2, vwhere vspinal vcord vterminates
Spinal vcord v- vContains: vgrey vmatter v(aggregations vof vnerve vcell vnuclei v& vdentrites)
vand vwhite vmatter v*connect vto vbrain vto vPNS*
Cord vprovides: vsegmental vrelays vwith vthe vperiphery, vservings vas va vconduit vfor vinfo
vflow vto vand vfrom vbrain. vMotor vand vsensory vnerve vpathways venter/exit vthrough
vposterior/anterior vnerve vroots vand vspinal v& vpheripheral vnerves.
How vmany vpairs vof vspinal vnerves?
vCervical?
Thoracic?
vLumbar
vSacral?
Coccygeal? v- v31
vpairs v8 vcervical
12 vthoracic
5 vlumbar
5 vsacral
1 vcoccygeal
Peripheral vnervous vsystem v(PNS) v- vCNS v& vperipheral vnerves. vproject vto vheart, vvisceral
vorgans, vskin, v& vlimbs
Pheripheral vnerves vincludes v- v*Spinal vand vpheripheral vnerves* vcarry vimpulses vto
vand vfrom vspinal vcord
Brain vstem v- vConnects vupper vbrain vw/ vspinal vcord. vConsist v3 vsections:
1. Midbrain v(CN vII-IV)
2. Pons v(CN vV-VIII)
3. Medulla v(CN vIX-XII)
, Bates Chapter 17 Neuro
CN vIII-XIII vdiencephalon v& vbrainstem
CN vI v& vII vactual vfiber vtracts vemerging vfrom vbrain
Cranial vnerve v- vOh, vOh, vOh, vTo vTouch vAnd vFeel vVirgin vGirls' vVaginas vand vHymens
Ventral vRoot v- vMotor vneurons v(*efferent*)
1. Involuntary vcontrol v(cardiac)
2. Voluntary vcontrol v(skeletal)
Dorsal vhRoot vh- vhSensory vhneurons vh(*afferent*)
ie: vhtouching vhhot vhpot vhsense vhsensory vhto vhbrain.
Ganglion vh- vhlocations vhsynapse vhoccurs, vh& vhcell vhbodies vhlocated vh(bundle vhof vhneurons)
Upper vhmotor vhneurons vh- vhLie vhin vhmotor vhstrip vhof vh*cerebral vhcortex vh& vhseveral
vhbrainstem v vhnuclei*
Axons vhsynapse vhwith vh*motor vhnuclei* vhin vhbrainstem vh(CNS) vhand vhspinal vhcord v
vh(pheripheralhnerves)
Lower vhmotor vhneurons vh- vhCell vhbodies vhin vhspinal vhcord vh*anterior vhhorn vhcell*;
vhaxons v vhtransmit v impulses vhthru vh*anterior vhroots vhand vhspinal vhnerves* vhinto
vhpheripheral v vhnerves vhterminating vh@hneuromuscular vhjunction
Afferent vh- vhCarries vhinformation vhIN, vhto vhCNS vhto vhbrain
Efferent vh- vhCarries vhinformation vhfrom vhBrain vhto vhthe vhCNS
Basal vhGanglia vhSystem vh- vhmotor vhpathways vhbetween vhcerebral vhcortex, vhbasal vhganglia,
vhbrainstem vh& vhspinal vhcord.
Helps vhmaintain vhmuscle vhtone vhand vhcontrol vhbody vhmovements, vhespecially vhgross v
vhautomatichmovement vh(eg vhwalking)
Motor vhpathways: vhCorticospinal vh(pyramidal vhtract) vh- vh*Mediate vhvoluntary v
vhmovement*hIntegrate vhskilled, vhcomplicated, vhdelicate vhmovements.
Carry vhimpulse vhand vhinhibit vhmuscle vhtone.
Originate vhMotor vhcortex-Travels vhdown vhto vhlower vhmedula-cross vhcontralateral
vhside v vhmedulla-hsynapse vhw/ vhanterior vhhorn vhcells
Tracts vhsynapsing vhbrainstem vhw/ vhmotor vhnuclei vhof vhcns vhare vhtermed vh*corticobulbar*
Damage vhbasal vhganglia vhsystem vh- vhDoes vhnot vhcause vhparalysis.
Brain has 4 regions - 1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon
3. Brainstem
4. Cerebellum
Brain hemisphere - 1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipatal
Neurons - Interconnecting nerve cells, consisting of cell bodies
Axons - Single long fibers conduct impulses to other parts of nervous system
Basal Ganglia (deep in brain) - Affects movement
Thalamus - Process sensory impulses
Hypothalamus - Maintains homeostasis & temperature regulation, HR, BP
Affects endocrine system
Governs emotional behaviors e.g. anger, sexual drive
Hormones act directly on pituitary vgland vstructures vin vdiencephalon
Gray vmatter v- vAggregations vneuronal vcell vbodies.
Rims vsurfaces vof vcerebral vhemispheres v= vforms vcerebral vcortex
White vmatter v- vneuronal vaxons vcoated vw vmyelin v(white vcolor),
vallow vnerve vimpulses vto vrapidly vtravel
Consciousness v- vinteractions vbetween vintact vcerebral vhemispheres v& vreticular vactivating
v(arousal) vsystem vin v(*diencephalon v& vupper vbrainstem*)
Identify vthe
vfollowing...
vcerebellum
occipital vlobe
vparietal vlobe
vcorpus
vcallosum
vfrontal vlobe
vmidbrain
pons
vmedulla
v-
Identify vthe
vfollowing...
vcerebellum
occipital vlobe
vwernicke's varea
,Bates Chapter 17 Neuro
parietal vlobe
vpostcentral
vgyrus vcentral
vsulcus
vprecentral
vsulcus vfrontal
vlobe vlateral
vfissure vbroca's
varea vtemporal
vlobe vmedula v-
Cerebellum v- vBase vof vbrain; v*coordinates vall vmovement*, vhelps vmaintain
*body vupright vin vspace*
Lumbar vpuncture v- vL3-L4 vor vL4-L5 vvertebral vinterspaces vto vavoid vspinal vcord vinjuries
Cauda vequina. v- vFan vout vlike va vhorse's vtail vat vL1-L2, vwhere vspinal vcord vterminates
Spinal vcord v- vContains: vgrey vmatter v(aggregations vof vnerve vcell vnuclei v& vdentrites)
vand vwhite vmatter v*connect vto vbrain vto vPNS*
Cord vprovides: vsegmental vrelays vwith vthe vperiphery, vservings vas va vconduit vfor vinfo
vflow vto vand vfrom vbrain. vMotor vand vsensory vnerve vpathways venter/exit vthrough
vposterior/anterior vnerve vroots vand vspinal v& vpheripheral vnerves.
How vmany vpairs vof vspinal vnerves?
vCervical?
Thoracic?
vLumbar
vSacral?
Coccygeal? v- v31
vpairs v8 vcervical
12 vthoracic
5 vlumbar
5 vsacral
1 vcoccygeal
Peripheral vnervous vsystem v(PNS) v- vCNS v& vperipheral vnerves. vproject vto vheart, vvisceral
vorgans, vskin, v& vlimbs
Pheripheral vnerves vincludes v- v*Spinal vand vpheripheral vnerves* vcarry vimpulses vto
vand vfrom vspinal vcord
Brain vstem v- vConnects vupper vbrain vw/ vspinal vcord. vConsist v3 vsections:
1. Midbrain v(CN vII-IV)
2. Pons v(CN vV-VIII)
3. Medulla v(CN vIX-XII)
, Bates Chapter 17 Neuro
CN vIII-XIII vdiencephalon v& vbrainstem
CN vI v& vII vactual vfiber vtracts vemerging vfrom vbrain
Cranial vnerve v- vOh, vOh, vOh, vTo vTouch vAnd vFeel vVirgin vGirls' vVaginas vand vHymens
Ventral vRoot v- vMotor vneurons v(*efferent*)
1. Involuntary vcontrol v(cardiac)
2. Voluntary vcontrol v(skeletal)
Dorsal vhRoot vh- vhSensory vhneurons vh(*afferent*)
ie: vhtouching vhhot vhpot vhsense vhsensory vhto vhbrain.
Ganglion vh- vhlocations vhsynapse vhoccurs, vh& vhcell vhbodies vhlocated vh(bundle vhof vhneurons)
Upper vhmotor vhneurons vh- vhLie vhin vhmotor vhstrip vhof vh*cerebral vhcortex vh& vhseveral
vhbrainstem v vhnuclei*
Axons vhsynapse vhwith vh*motor vhnuclei* vhin vhbrainstem vh(CNS) vhand vhspinal vhcord v
vh(pheripheralhnerves)
Lower vhmotor vhneurons vh- vhCell vhbodies vhin vhspinal vhcord vh*anterior vhhorn vhcell*;
vhaxons v vhtransmit v impulses vhthru vh*anterior vhroots vhand vhspinal vhnerves* vhinto
vhpheripheral v vhnerves vhterminating vh@hneuromuscular vhjunction
Afferent vh- vhCarries vhinformation vhIN, vhto vhCNS vhto vhbrain
Efferent vh- vhCarries vhinformation vhfrom vhBrain vhto vhthe vhCNS
Basal vhGanglia vhSystem vh- vhmotor vhpathways vhbetween vhcerebral vhcortex, vhbasal vhganglia,
vhbrainstem vh& vhspinal vhcord.
Helps vhmaintain vhmuscle vhtone vhand vhcontrol vhbody vhmovements, vhespecially vhgross v
vhautomatichmovement vh(eg vhwalking)
Motor vhpathways: vhCorticospinal vh(pyramidal vhtract) vh- vh*Mediate vhvoluntary v
vhmovement*hIntegrate vhskilled, vhcomplicated, vhdelicate vhmovements.
Carry vhimpulse vhand vhinhibit vhmuscle vhtone.
Originate vhMotor vhcortex-Travels vhdown vhto vhlower vhmedula-cross vhcontralateral
vhside v vhmedulla-hsynapse vhw/ vhanterior vhhorn vhcells
Tracts vhsynapsing vhbrainstem vhw/ vhmotor vhnuclei vhof vhcns vhare vhtermed vh*corticobulbar*
Damage vhbasal vhganglia vhsystem vh- vhDoes vhnot vhcause vhparalysis.
