Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank -Questions
with Answer Key At the end of Every Chapter, All Updated
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
| | | | | |
PRACTICE
|
1. The |characteristic, | localized | cardinal | signs | of |acute |inflammation | include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The |vascular, |hemodynamic |stage |of |acute |inflammation |is |initiated |by
|momentary |vasoconstriction |followed |by |vasodilation |that |causes |localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale |skin.
D) coolness.
3. The |cellular |stage |of |acute |inflammation |is |marked |by |the |movement |of
|leukocytes |into |the |area. |Which |of |the |following |cells |arrives |early |in |great
|numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The |phagocytosis |process |involves |three |distinct |steps. |What |is |the |initial
|step |in |the |process?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular | killing
C) Antigen | margination
D) Recognition | and | adherence
5. Which |of |the |following |mediators |of |inflammation |causes |increased |capillary
|permeability |and |pain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric |oxide
6. Inflammatory |exudates |are |a |combination |of |several |types. |Which |of |the
|following |exudates |is |composed |of |enmeshed |necrotic |cells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The |acute-phase |systemic |response |usually |begins |within |hours |of |the |onset
|of |inflammation |and |includes:
A) fever | and | lethargy.
B) decreased |C-reactive | protein.
C) positive | nitrogen | balance.
D) low |erythrocyte | sedimentation | rate.
8. In |contrast |to |acute |inflammation, |chronic |inflammation |is |characterized |by
|which |of |the |following |phenomena?
,A) Profuse |fibrinous |exudation
B) A |shift |to | the |left | of |granulocytes
C) Metabolic | and | respiratory | alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis | and | activated | macrophages
9. Exogenous |pyrogens |(interleukin-1) |and |the |presence |of |bacteria |in |the |blood
|lead |to |the |release |of |endogenous |pyrogens |that:
A) stabilize |thermal |control |in |the | brain.
B) produce | leukocytosis | and | anorexia.
C) block |viral | replication | in |cells.
D) inhibit | prostaglandin | release.
10 An |older |adult |patient | has |just |sheared |the | skin |on |her |elbow |while | attempted
. to |boost |herself |up |in |bed, |an |event |that |has |precipitated |acute |inflammation
|in |the |region |surrounding |the |wound. |Which |of |the |following |events |will
|occur |during |the |vascular |stage |of |the |patients |inflammation?
A) Outpouring |of |exudate | into | interstitial | spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation | of | leukocytes | along | the | epithelium
D) Phagocytosis | of |cellular | debris
11 Which | of |the | following |individuals |most | likely |has | the | highest | risk |of
. experiencing | chronic | inflammation?
A) A |patient | who |has | recently |been |diagnosed | with |type |2 | diabetes
B) A |patient | who | is |a | carrier |of |an | antibiotic-resistant | organism
C) A |patient | who | is |taking |oral | antibiotics | for | an | upper |respiratory |infection
D) A |patient | who |is |morbidly |obese |and | who |has |a | sedentary |lifestyle
12 Which |of |the | following |core | body |temperatures | is | within | normal | range?
.
A) 35.9C | (96.6F)
, B) 38.0C | (100.4F)
C) 35.5C | (95.9F)
D) 37.3C | (99.1F)
13 A |postsurgical | patient | who | is |recovering |in | the | postanesthetic | recovery |unit
. states |that |she |is |freezing |cold. |Which |of |the |following |measures |is |likely |to
|be |initiated |in |the |patients |hypothalamus |in |an |effort |to |reduce |heat |loss?
A) Opening |of |arteriovenous |(AV) | shunts
B) Reduced |exhalation | of |warmed |air
C) Contraction | of | pilomotor | muscles
D) Decreased | urine | production
14 An |elderly |patient | is |dressed | only |in |a |hospital | gown |and |complains | of |a
. draft |in |her |room. |Consequently, |she |has |requested |a |warm |blanket |while |she
|sits |in |her |wheelchair. |Which |of |the |following |mechanisms |of |heat |loss |is
| most |likely |the |primary |cause |of |her |request?
A) Evaporation | and | conduction
B) Radiation | and | convection
C) Conduction | and | convection
D) Convection | and | evaporation
15 Which | of | the | following | pathophysiologic | processes | are | capable | of | inducing
. the | production |of |pyrogens? | Select |all |that | apply.
A) Acute | inflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial | infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal | failure
16 Which |of |the | following |patients | is |most | likely |to |be |susceptible |to
. developing | a | neurogenic | fever?
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank -Questions
with Answer Key At the end of Every Chapter, All Updated
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
| | | | | |
PRACTICE
|
1. The |characteristic, | localized | cardinal | signs | of |acute |inflammation | include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The |vascular, |hemodynamic |stage |of |acute |inflammation |is |initiated |by
|momentary |vasoconstriction |followed |by |vasodilation |that |causes |localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale |skin.
D) coolness.
3. The |cellular |stage |of |acute |inflammation |is |marked |by |the |movement |of
|leukocytes |into |the |area. |Which |of |the |following |cells |arrives |early |in |great
|numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The |phagocytosis |process |involves |three |distinct |steps. |What |is |the |initial
|step |in |the |process?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular | killing
C) Antigen | margination
D) Recognition | and | adherence
5. Which |of |the |following |mediators |of |inflammation |causes |increased |capillary
|permeability |and |pain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric |oxide
6. Inflammatory |exudates |are |a |combination |of |several |types. |Which |of |the
|following |exudates |is |composed |of |enmeshed |necrotic |cells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The |acute-phase |systemic |response |usually |begins |within |hours |of |the |onset
|of |inflammation |and |includes:
A) fever | and | lethargy.
B) decreased |C-reactive | protein.
C) positive | nitrogen | balance.
D) low |erythrocyte | sedimentation | rate.
8. In |contrast |to |acute |inflammation, |chronic |inflammation |is |characterized |by
|which |of |the |following |phenomena?
,A) Profuse |fibrinous |exudation
B) A |shift |to | the |left | of |granulocytes
C) Metabolic | and | respiratory | alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis | and | activated | macrophages
9. Exogenous |pyrogens |(interleukin-1) |and |the |presence |of |bacteria |in |the |blood
|lead |to |the |release |of |endogenous |pyrogens |that:
A) stabilize |thermal |control |in |the | brain.
B) produce | leukocytosis | and | anorexia.
C) block |viral | replication | in |cells.
D) inhibit | prostaglandin | release.
10 An |older |adult |patient | has |just |sheared |the | skin |on |her |elbow |while | attempted
. to |boost |herself |up |in |bed, |an |event |that |has |precipitated |acute |inflammation
|in |the |region |surrounding |the |wound. |Which |of |the |following |events |will
|occur |during |the |vascular |stage |of |the |patients |inflammation?
A) Outpouring |of |exudate | into | interstitial | spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation | of | leukocytes | along | the | epithelium
D) Phagocytosis | of |cellular | debris
11 Which | of |the | following |individuals |most | likely |has | the | highest | risk |of
. experiencing | chronic | inflammation?
A) A |patient | who |has | recently |been |diagnosed | with |type |2 | diabetes
B) A |patient | who | is |a | carrier |of |an | antibiotic-resistant | organism
C) A |patient | who | is |taking |oral | antibiotics | for | an | upper |respiratory |infection
D) A |patient | who |is |morbidly |obese |and | who |has |a | sedentary |lifestyle
12 Which |of |the | following |core | body |temperatures | is | within | normal | range?
.
A) 35.9C | (96.6F)
, B) 38.0C | (100.4F)
C) 35.5C | (95.9F)
D) 37.3C | (99.1F)
13 A |postsurgical | patient | who | is |recovering |in | the | postanesthetic | recovery |unit
. states |that |she |is |freezing |cold. |Which |of |the |following |measures |is |likely |to
|be |initiated |in |the |patients |hypothalamus |in |an |effort |to |reduce |heat |loss?
A) Opening |of |arteriovenous |(AV) | shunts
B) Reduced |exhalation | of |warmed |air
C) Contraction | of | pilomotor | muscles
D) Decreased | urine | production
14 An |elderly |patient | is |dressed | only |in |a |hospital | gown |and |complains | of |a
. draft |in |her |room. |Consequently, |she |has |requested |a |warm |blanket |while |she
|sits |in |her |wheelchair. |Which |of |the |following |mechanisms |of |heat |loss |is
| most |likely |the |primary |cause |of |her |request?
A) Evaporation | and | conduction
B) Radiation | and | convection
C) Conduction | and | convection
D) Convection | and | evaporation
15 Which | of | the | following | pathophysiologic | processes | are | capable | of | inducing
. the | production |of |pyrogens? | Select |all |that | apply.
A) Acute | inflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial | infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal | failure
16 Which |of |the | following |patients | is |most | likely |to |be |susceptible |to
. developing | a | neurogenic | fever?
