GISP Study
1. Second (inverse) geodetic problem: 103- given two points, determine theazimuth and
length of the line that connects them (line may be straight, arc, or geodesic)
Be prepared for Word Problems like this one
2. Geomatics: 104- branch of science (and technology) of collection, analysis,interpretation
of geographic information
(includes surveying, mapping, remote sensing, GIS, GPS)
3. GPS (global positioning system): 104- A system that determines the precise position of
something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, andreceivers.
4. Spatial Modeling: 201- A methodology or set of analytical procedures used to derive
information about spatial relationships between geographic phenomena.
5. Types of spatial models: 201-Vector
Raster
Pixel
Geodatabase
Grid
TIN
Topological
Hierarchical
Network
Object
Oriented
6. Vector Spatial Modeling: 201- coordinated based data model (points, lines,and polygons)
7. Vector Spatial Modeling- Points: 201- Discrete locations represented by acoordinate pair,
attributes can be associated
(e.g. Sign, city centers, geocoding addresses)
8. Vector Spatial Modeling- Lines: 201- Linear features composed of an orderedlist of
vertices, attributes can be associated
(e.g. rivers, roads, utility lines)
9. Vector Spatial Modeling- Polygons: 201- composed of nodes and vertices forming
bounded areas; start and end node are the same, attributes can be associ-ated
(e.g. water bodies, parcels, land masses)
10. Raster Spatial Modeling: 201- composed of a rectangular array of regularlyspaced square
,grid cells, each cell having an independent value (attribute) Single or multi band
Raster coordinated are stored by ordering the matrix(e.g. elevation, temperature)
11. Pixel Spatial Modeling: 201- smallest resolvable piece of scanned imagea pixel is always
a cell but a cell is not always a pixel
12. Geodatabase Spatial Modeling: 201- object oriented spatial model Basic Components-
feature classes, feature datasets, non-spatial tables Complex Components- topology, relation
ship classes, geometric networks
Relationship Classes- model real-world relationships that exist between objects(such as
parcels and buildings)
13. Grid Spatial Modeling: 201- parallel and perpendicular lines for reference as amap
projection or coordinate system
14. Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) Spatial Modeling: 201- Composite vec-tor data that
approximate the terrain with a set of contiguous, non-overlapping (Delaunay) triangles,
circumcircle can not contain more than three points
May be asked to create Delaunay Triangles
15. Advantages of TIN Spatial Modeling: 201- small areas with high precisionelevation data,
more efficient storage than DEM or contour lines
16. Disadvantages of TIN Spatial Modeling: 201- high cost,requires highly accurate data
source,
TIN production is computing intensive
17. Topological Spatial Modeling: 201- topology is implemented through a set ofrules that
define how features may share a geographic space and a set of editing tools that work with
features that share geometry in an integrated fashion. (ESRI) The physical and logical design
of a network; examples include mesh, bus, ring andstar; the physical layout of the network
devices and the vectoring, and how all the components communicate with each other
18. Hierarchical Spatial Modeling: 201- database that stores related informationin a tree-like
structure
19. Network Spatial Modeling: 201- collection of topologically connected networkelements
(edges, junctions, turns)
Each element is associated with a collection of network attributes
20. Object Oriented Spatial Modeling: 201- data management structure, storesdata as objects
(classes), instead of rows and tables like a relational database (e.g. SQL Server, Oracle,
PostgreSQL)
21. Bolstad Spatial Modeling- Cartographic Model: 201- Temporally Static,combined spatial
datasets,
, operations and functions for problem-solving
22. Bolstad Spatial Modeling- Spatio-temporal Models: 201- dynamic in timeand space
time-driven processes
23. Bolstad Spatial Modeling- Network Models: 210- modeling of resources (flow,
accumulation) as limited to networks
24. Goodchild Spatial Modeling- Data Models: 201- entities and fields as concep-tual models
25. Goodchild Spatial Modeling- Static Modeling: 201- taking inputs to transformthem into
outputs using sets of tools and functions
26. Goodchild Spatial Modeling- Dynamic Modeling: 201- iterative, sets of initialconditions,
apply transformations to obtain a series of predictions at time intervals
27. DeMers Spatial Modeling: 201- Based on purpose descriptive- passive, de-scription of the
study area,
perspective- active, imposing beat solution
28. DeMers Spatial Modeling- Methodology Stochastic: 201- based on statisticalprobability
deterministic- based on knowing functional linkages and interaction
29. Georeferencing: 101- associating a map or image with spatial location
30. control points: 101- points come in pairs that match the spatial location with a point on an
unreferenced image or map
31. Spatial Reference Systems (SRS): 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system
used to location geographical entities (aka Coordinate ReferenceSystem (CRS))
32. Coordinate Reference System (CRS): 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global
system used to location geographical entities (aka Spatial Reference Systems(SRS))
33. International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS): 101- a three-dimensional coordinate
system with a well-defined origin (the center of mass of the Earth) and three orthogonal
coordinate axes (X,Y,Z)
34. Map projection: 101- transforming coordinated from a curved surface (Earth) to a flat
map
35. Horizontal datum: 101- model of the earth as a spheroid (2 components, refer-ence
ellipsoid and a set of survey points both the shape of the spheroid and its position relative to
the earth)
36. Vertical Datum: 101- reference point for measuring elevations
37. NAVD88: 101- Gravity based geodetic datum in North America
38. WGS 84 (World Geodetic System): 101- reference coordinate system used bythe Global
Positioning System (GPS)
1. Second (inverse) geodetic problem: 103- given two points, determine theazimuth and
length of the line that connects them (line may be straight, arc, or geodesic)
Be prepared for Word Problems like this one
2. Geomatics: 104- branch of science (and technology) of collection, analysis,interpretation
of geographic information
(includes surveying, mapping, remote sensing, GIS, GPS)
3. GPS (global positioning system): 104- A system that determines the precise position of
something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, andreceivers.
4. Spatial Modeling: 201- A methodology or set of analytical procedures used to derive
information about spatial relationships between geographic phenomena.
5. Types of spatial models: 201-Vector
Raster
Pixel
Geodatabase
Grid
TIN
Topological
Hierarchical
Network
Object
Oriented
6. Vector Spatial Modeling: 201- coordinated based data model (points, lines,and polygons)
7. Vector Spatial Modeling- Points: 201- Discrete locations represented by acoordinate pair,
attributes can be associated
(e.g. Sign, city centers, geocoding addresses)
8. Vector Spatial Modeling- Lines: 201- Linear features composed of an orderedlist of
vertices, attributes can be associated
(e.g. rivers, roads, utility lines)
9. Vector Spatial Modeling- Polygons: 201- composed of nodes and vertices forming
bounded areas; start and end node are the same, attributes can be associ-ated
(e.g. water bodies, parcels, land masses)
10. Raster Spatial Modeling: 201- composed of a rectangular array of regularlyspaced square
,grid cells, each cell having an independent value (attribute) Single or multi band
Raster coordinated are stored by ordering the matrix(e.g. elevation, temperature)
11. Pixel Spatial Modeling: 201- smallest resolvable piece of scanned imagea pixel is always
a cell but a cell is not always a pixel
12. Geodatabase Spatial Modeling: 201- object oriented spatial model Basic Components-
feature classes, feature datasets, non-spatial tables Complex Components- topology, relation
ship classes, geometric networks
Relationship Classes- model real-world relationships that exist between objects(such as
parcels and buildings)
13. Grid Spatial Modeling: 201- parallel and perpendicular lines for reference as amap
projection or coordinate system
14. Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) Spatial Modeling: 201- Composite vec-tor data that
approximate the terrain with a set of contiguous, non-overlapping (Delaunay) triangles,
circumcircle can not contain more than three points
May be asked to create Delaunay Triangles
15. Advantages of TIN Spatial Modeling: 201- small areas with high precisionelevation data,
more efficient storage than DEM or contour lines
16. Disadvantages of TIN Spatial Modeling: 201- high cost,requires highly accurate data
source,
TIN production is computing intensive
17. Topological Spatial Modeling: 201- topology is implemented through a set ofrules that
define how features may share a geographic space and a set of editing tools that work with
features that share geometry in an integrated fashion. (ESRI) The physical and logical design
of a network; examples include mesh, bus, ring andstar; the physical layout of the network
devices and the vectoring, and how all the components communicate with each other
18. Hierarchical Spatial Modeling: 201- database that stores related informationin a tree-like
structure
19. Network Spatial Modeling: 201- collection of topologically connected networkelements
(edges, junctions, turns)
Each element is associated with a collection of network attributes
20. Object Oriented Spatial Modeling: 201- data management structure, storesdata as objects
(classes), instead of rows and tables like a relational database (e.g. SQL Server, Oracle,
PostgreSQL)
21. Bolstad Spatial Modeling- Cartographic Model: 201- Temporally Static,combined spatial
datasets,
, operations and functions for problem-solving
22. Bolstad Spatial Modeling- Spatio-temporal Models: 201- dynamic in timeand space
time-driven processes
23. Bolstad Spatial Modeling- Network Models: 210- modeling of resources (flow,
accumulation) as limited to networks
24. Goodchild Spatial Modeling- Data Models: 201- entities and fields as concep-tual models
25. Goodchild Spatial Modeling- Static Modeling: 201- taking inputs to transformthem into
outputs using sets of tools and functions
26. Goodchild Spatial Modeling- Dynamic Modeling: 201- iterative, sets of initialconditions,
apply transformations to obtain a series of predictions at time intervals
27. DeMers Spatial Modeling: 201- Based on purpose descriptive- passive, de-scription of the
study area,
perspective- active, imposing beat solution
28. DeMers Spatial Modeling- Methodology Stochastic: 201- based on statisticalprobability
deterministic- based on knowing functional linkages and interaction
29. Georeferencing: 101- associating a map or image with spatial location
30. control points: 101- points come in pairs that match the spatial location with a point on an
unreferenced image or map
31. Spatial Reference Systems (SRS): 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system
used to location geographical entities (aka Coordinate ReferenceSystem (CRS))
32. Coordinate Reference System (CRS): 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global
system used to location geographical entities (aka Spatial Reference Systems(SRS))
33. International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS): 101- a three-dimensional coordinate
system with a well-defined origin (the center of mass of the Earth) and three orthogonal
coordinate axes (X,Y,Z)
34. Map projection: 101- transforming coordinated from a curved surface (Earth) to a flat
map
35. Horizontal datum: 101- model of the earth as a spheroid (2 components, refer-ence
ellipsoid and a set of survey points both the shape of the spheroid and its position relative to
the earth)
36. Vertical Datum: 101- reference point for measuring elevations
37. NAVD88: 101- Gravity based geodetic datum in North America
38. WGS 84 (World Geodetic System): 101- reference coordinate system used bythe Global
Positioning System (GPS)
