NURS 251 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Prophylaxis
Measure taken to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease.
Endogenous
The patient's own bactAeria
Exogenous
Outside the patient's body
Culture and Sensitivity
Process of growing microbes in culture to determine the infecting pathogen and the
exposure of the pathogen and the exposure of the pathogen and the exposure of the
pathogen to various antibiotics to determine which agent will best inhibit the pathogen's
growth.
Gram Staining
Way of distinguishing types of bacteria. Rapid identification process that assists the
surgeon in prescribing an initial course of antibiotic therapy based on the microbes
causing the infection
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibition
Antibiotics weaken the cell walls of bacteria, bacteria are rendered defenseless.
Protein Synthesis Interference
Interferes with protein synthesis. Bind to ribosomes which prevents protein assembly.
Stops all vital cell functions.
Cell Membrane Function Alteration
Alter cell membrane function by disrupting is, make it "leaky"
Nucleic Acid Production Inhibition
Inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis by preventing replication.
Cell Metabolism Interference
Agents that interfere with cell metabolism interfere with the bacteria themselves.
Interfere with cell metabolism.
Antibiotic Resistance
Ability of some strains of pathogenic microbes to prevent or overcome the activity of
antimicrobial agents.
, Aminoglycerides
Cephalosporin
Penicillin
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
What are the major types of antibiotics?
Aminoglycerides
Interfere with protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes. EXAMPLES:
Amikacin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin.
Cephalosporin
Block the enzymes needed to strengthen bacterial cell walls. EXAMPLES: Ancef,
Keflex, Keflin, Mefoxin, Ceclor, Zinacef
Penicillin
The first true antibiotic, works by blocking the enzyme needed to strengthen the
bacterial cell wall. EXAMPLES: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Sulfonamides
Medicines that prevent the growth of bacteria in the body by binding to the ribosomes in
prokaryotes. Have largely been replaced by antibiotics which are generally safer and
more effective. EXAMPLES: Erythromycin, Azithromycin
Tetracyclines
First broad-spectrum antibiotics. These bind to the bacterial ribosomal subunit,
interfering with protein synthesis. EXAMPLES: Vibramycin, Aureomycin
0.9% Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Dextrose
Ionosol B (MB and T)
Plasma-lyte and Isolyte E
Lactated Ringer
What are some common IV fluids administered in surgery
0.9% Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Isotonic at 0.9 g per 100 mL of solution. Normal saline, physiological saline. Does not
hemolyze blood cells. Other concentrations: 5%, 3%, 0.45%, 0.33%, and 0.225%
Prophylaxis
Measure taken to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease.
Endogenous
The patient's own bactAeria
Exogenous
Outside the patient's body
Culture and Sensitivity
Process of growing microbes in culture to determine the infecting pathogen and the
exposure of the pathogen and the exposure of the pathogen and the exposure of the
pathogen to various antibiotics to determine which agent will best inhibit the pathogen's
growth.
Gram Staining
Way of distinguishing types of bacteria. Rapid identification process that assists the
surgeon in prescribing an initial course of antibiotic therapy based on the microbes
causing the infection
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibition
Antibiotics weaken the cell walls of bacteria, bacteria are rendered defenseless.
Protein Synthesis Interference
Interferes with protein synthesis. Bind to ribosomes which prevents protein assembly.
Stops all vital cell functions.
Cell Membrane Function Alteration
Alter cell membrane function by disrupting is, make it "leaky"
Nucleic Acid Production Inhibition
Inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis by preventing replication.
Cell Metabolism Interference
Agents that interfere with cell metabolism interfere with the bacteria themselves.
Interfere with cell metabolism.
Antibiotic Resistance
Ability of some strains of pathogenic microbes to prevent or overcome the activity of
antimicrobial agents.
, Aminoglycerides
Cephalosporin
Penicillin
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
What are the major types of antibiotics?
Aminoglycerides
Interfere with protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes. EXAMPLES:
Amikacin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin.
Cephalosporin
Block the enzymes needed to strengthen bacterial cell walls. EXAMPLES: Ancef,
Keflex, Keflin, Mefoxin, Ceclor, Zinacef
Penicillin
The first true antibiotic, works by blocking the enzyme needed to strengthen the
bacterial cell wall. EXAMPLES: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Sulfonamides
Medicines that prevent the growth of bacteria in the body by binding to the ribosomes in
prokaryotes. Have largely been replaced by antibiotics which are generally safer and
more effective. EXAMPLES: Erythromycin, Azithromycin
Tetracyclines
First broad-spectrum antibiotics. These bind to the bacterial ribosomal subunit,
interfering with protein synthesis. EXAMPLES: Vibramycin, Aureomycin
0.9% Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Dextrose
Ionosol B (MB and T)
Plasma-lyte and Isolyte E
Lactated Ringer
What are some common IV fluids administered in surgery
0.9% Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Isotonic at 0.9 g per 100 mL of solution. Normal saline, physiological saline. Does not
hemolyze blood cells. Other concentrations: 5%, 3%, 0.45%, 0.33%, and 0.225%
