Module 1 Exam - Portage Learning – Microbiology Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified

Module 1 Exam - Portage Learning – Microbiology Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified What is the main characteristic of prokaryotic cells? They lack a membrane-bound nucleus What is the function of the bacterial cell wall? To provide structure and protect against osmotic pressure What structure allows bacteria to move toward or away from stimuli? Flagella What is the purpose of a Gram stain in microbiology? To differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall structure What color do Gram-positive bacteria appear after Gram staining? Purple 2 What color do Gram-negative bacteria appear after Gram staining? Pink or red Which scientist is known for developing the process of pasteurization? Louis Pasteur What is the function of endospores in bacteria? To allow survival in harsh conditions What type of microorganism is typically single-celled and lacks a nucleus? Bacteria What type of microorganism is composed of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat? Virus What is the purpose of the capsule in some bacteria? To evade the host’s immune response 3 Which domain includes organisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls? Bacteria What is binary fission? A form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes What is the function of ribosomes in a bacterial cell? To synthesize proteins What do we call microorganisms that live in extreme environments? Extremophiles What is a plasmid? A small circular DNA molecule separate from chromosomal DNA What role do pili play in bacterial cells? They help in attachment and genetic exchange 4 What is the basic unit of heredity in microorganisms? Gene Which type of microscope is commonly used to observe bacteria? Light microscope What is the purpose of agar in a petri dish? To provide a solid surface for microbial growth