TNCC NOTES FOR WRITTEN EXAM LATEST 2025 |TEST
BANK|100% COMPLETE Pass A+
With any eye injury, what should the evaluation and ongoing assessments be? - ans-
Reassessing visual acuity at reasonable intervals
Why does herniation occur? What are the symptoms? - ansBecause of uncontrolled
increases in ICP.
Where do you listen to auscultate breath sounds? - ansAuscultate the lungs bilaterally
at the second intercostal space midclavicular line and at the fifth intercostal space at the
anterior axillary line.
What she be done after the Secondary Assessment? - ansReassess:
What medications are used during intubation? - ansLOAD Mnemonic:
What is vascular response? - ansAs blood volume decreases, peripheral blood vessels
vasoconstrict as a result of sympathetic stimulation via inhibition of baroreceptors.
Arterioles constrict to increase TPR and BP.
What is the second thing assessed under the Secondary Assessment? - ansGIVE
COMFORT MEASURES
What is the planning and implementation for thoracic injury? - ansp. 142
What is the Mnemonic for the Secondary Assessment? - ansF = Full set of VS/Focused
adjuncts (includes cardiac monitor, urinary catheter, and gastric tube)/Family presence
What is the Mnemonic for the Initial Assessment? - ansA = Airway with simultaneous
cervical spine protection
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? - ansEnergy can neither be created nor
destroyed. It is only changed from one form to another.
What is the first thing assessed under the Secondary Assessment? - ansFULL SET VS
/ FOCUSED ADJUNCTS / FAMILY PRESENCE
What is the DOPE mnemonic? - ansD - Displaced tube
What is Surgical Cricothyrotomy? - ansMaking an incision in cricothyroid membrane and
placing a cuffed endo or trach tube into trachea. This is indicated when other methods
of airway management have failed and pt cannot be adequately ventilated and
oxygenated.
What is renal response? - ansRenal ischemia activates release of renin.
What is Newton's Second Law? - ansForce equals mass multiplied by acceleration of
deceleration.
What is Newton's First Law? - ansA body at rest will remain at rest. A body in motion will
remain in motion until acted on by an outside force.
What is Needle Cricothyrotomy - ansPercutaneous transtracheal ventilation.
(temporary)
What is LeFort III fracture and its S/S? - ansComplete craniofacial separation involving
maxilla, zygoma and bones of cranial base. This fx is frequently associated w/leakage
of CSF and fx mandible.
What is LeFort II fracture and its S/S? - ansPyramidal maxillary fx=middle facial area.
Apex of fx transverses bridge of nose. Two lateral fx's of pyramid extend through the
lacrimal bone of the face and ethmoid bone of skull into the median portion of both
orbits. Base of the fx extends above level of the upper teeth into maxilla. CSF leak is
possible.
,TNCC NOTES FOR WRITTEN EXAM LATEST 2025 |TEST
BANK|100% COMPLETE Pass A+
What is LeFort I fracture and its S/S? - ansTransverse maxillary fx that occurs above
level of teeth and results in separation of teeth from rest of maxilla.
What is kinetic energy (KE)? - ansKE equals 1/2 the mass (M) multiplied by the velocity
squared.
What is kinematics? - ansA branch of mechanics (energy transfer) that refers to motion
and does not consider the concepts of force and mass of the object or body.
What is hyphema and its S/S? - ansAccumulation of blood, mainly RBC's that disperse
and layer within the anterior chamber. A severe hymphema obscures entire anterior
chamber + will diminish visual acuity severely or completely. Injuries are graded on
amount of blood in chamber (Grades I-IV).
What is diffuse axonal injury and its signs and symptoms? - ans(DAI) is widespread,
rather than localized, through the brain. Diffuse shearing, tearing and compressive
stresses from rotational or accerleration/deceleration forces resulting in microscopic
damage primarily to axons within the brain.
What is Cushing's phenomenon or Cushing's Reflex? - ansTriad of progressive HTN,
bradycardia and diminished respiratory effort.
What is assessed under the Mnemonic "I"? - ansINSPECT POSTERIOR SURFACES
What is assessed under the Mnemonic "H"? - ansHISTORY / HEAD-TO-TOE
ASSESSMENT
What is assessed and intervened for Expose/Environmental Controls? - ans- Remove
clothing
What is an epidural hematoma and its S/S? - ansResults when a collection of blood
forms between the skull and the dura mater. Bleeding is arterial=blood accumulates
rapidly:
What is a subdural hematoma and its S/S? - ansA focal brain injury beneath the dura
mater that results from acceleration/deceleration. Usually venous, and not necessarily
from a fx. Formation may be acute or chronic.
What is a pulmonary contusion? - ansThey occur as a result of direct impact,
deceleration or high-velocity bullet wounds. It develops when blood leaks into lung
parenchyma, causing edema + hemorrhage. This usually develops overtime and not
immediately.
What is a Laryngeal Mask Airway? - ansLooks like an ET tube but is equipped with an
inflatable, elliptical, silicone rubber collar at the distal end. It is designed to cover the
supraglottic area.
What is a flail chest? - ansA fracture of two or more sites on two or more adjacent ribs,
or when rib fractures produce a free-floating sternum.
What is a concussion and its signs and symptoms? - ansA temporary change in
neurologic function that may occur as a result of minor head trauma.
What is a Combitube? - ansA dual-lumen, dual-cuff airway that can be placed blindly
into the esophagus to establish an airway. If inadvertently placed into trachea, it can be
used as a temporary ET tube. There are only two sizes: small adult and larger adult.
What is a cerebral contusion and its S/S? - ansA common focal brain injury in which
brain tissue is bruised and damaged in a local area. Mainly located in frontal and
, TNCC NOTES FOR WRITTEN EXAM LATEST 2025 |TEST
BANK|100% COMPLETE Pass A+
temporal lobes. May cause hemorrhage, infarction, necrosis and edema. Max effects of
bleeding & edema peak 18-36 post injury.
What intervention should be done if a pt presents with effective circulation? - ans- Insert
2 large caliber IV's
What happens to a ruptured diaphragm? - ansPotentially life-threatening, results from
forces that penetrate the body. Left hemidiaphragm is more susceptible to injury
because the right side is protected by the liver.
What could a flail chest be associated with? - ans- Ineffective ventilation
What are you looking for when percussing the chest? - ansDullness:
What are you looking for when palpating the chest wall, clavicles and neck? - ans-
Tenderness
What are you looking for when auscultating lung sounds? - ansAbsence of BS:
What are the two types of herniation that occurs with ICP? - ans1. Uncal herniation
What are the signs and symptoms of postconcussive syndrome? - ans- Persistent H/A
What are the S/S of pulmonary contusion? - ans- Dyspnea
What are the S/S of pericardial tamponade? - ansA collection of blood in pericardial sac.
As blood accumulates, it exerts pressure on the heart, inhibiting or compromising
ventricular filling.
What are the S/S of orbital fracture (orbital blowout fracture)? - ans- Diplopia (double
vision)
What are the S/S of Hemothorax? - ans- Dyspnea, tachypnea
What are the S/S of flail chest? - ans- Dyspnea
What are the S/S of a tension pneumothorax? - ans- Severe respiratory distress
What are the S/S of a pneumothorax? - ans- Dyspnea, tachypnea
What are the S/S of a linear skull fx? - ans- H/A
What are the S/S of a depressed skull fx? - ans- H/A
What are the S/S of a basilar skull fx? - ans- H/A
What are the Rapid Sequence Intubation Steps? - ansPREPARATION:
What are the nursing interventions for a pt with an ocular injury? - ans- Assess visual
acuity & reassess
What are the nursing interventions for a patient with a maxillofacial or neck injury? -
ans- Administer oxygen
What are the most common type of injury associated with chest trauma? - ansblunt;
MVC's. Penetrating; firarm injuries or stabbings
What are the mandibular fracture S/S? - ans- Malocclusion
What are the late signs of breathing compromise? - ans- Tracheal deviation
What are the late observable signs of symptoms of increased ICP? - ans- Dilated,
nonreactive pupil
What are the interventions for Effective/Ineffective Circulation? - ans- Control any
uncontrolled external bleeding by:
What are the interventions for Disability? - ans- If assessment indicates a decreased
LOC, conduct further investigation during secondary focused assessments
What are the early signs and symptoms of increased ICP? - ans- Headache
BANK|100% COMPLETE Pass A+
With any eye injury, what should the evaluation and ongoing assessments be? - ans-
Reassessing visual acuity at reasonable intervals
Why does herniation occur? What are the symptoms? - ansBecause of uncontrolled
increases in ICP.
Where do you listen to auscultate breath sounds? - ansAuscultate the lungs bilaterally
at the second intercostal space midclavicular line and at the fifth intercostal space at the
anterior axillary line.
What she be done after the Secondary Assessment? - ansReassess:
What medications are used during intubation? - ansLOAD Mnemonic:
What is vascular response? - ansAs blood volume decreases, peripheral blood vessels
vasoconstrict as a result of sympathetic stimulation via inhibition of baroreceptors.
Arterioles constrict to increase TPR and BP.
What is the second thing assessed under the Secondary Assessment? - ansGIVE
COMFORT MEASURES
What is the planning and implementation for thoracic injury? - ansp. 142
What is the Mnemonic for the Secondary Assessment? - ansF = Full set of VS/Focused
adjuncts (includes cardiac monitor, urinary catheter, and gastric tube)/Family presence
What is the Mnemonic for the Initial Assessment? - ansA = Airway with simultaneous
cervical spine protection
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? - ansEnergy can neither be created nor
destroyed. It is only changed from one form to another.
What is the first thing assessed under the Secondary Assessment? - ansFULL SET VS
/ FOCUSED ADJUNCTS / FAMILY PRESENCE
What is the DOPE mnemonic? - ansD - Displaced tube
What is Surgical Cricothyrotomy? - ansMaking an incision in cricothyroid membrane and
placing a cuffed endo or trach tube into trachea. This is indicated when other methods
of airway management have failed and pt cannot be adequately ventilated and
oxygenated.
What is renal response? - ansRenal ischemia activates release of renin.
What is Newton's Second Law? - ansForce equals mass multiplied by acceleration of
deceleration.
What is Newton's First Law? - ansA body at rest will remain at rest. A body in motion will
remain in motion until acted on by an outside force.
What is Needle Cricothyrotomy - ansPercutaneous transtracheal ventilation.
(temporary)
What is LeFort III fracture and its S/S? - ansComplete craniofacial separation involving
maxilla, zygoma and bones of cranial base. This fx is frequently associated w/leakage
of CSF and fx mandible.
What is LeFort II fracture and its S/S? - ansPyramidal maxillary fx=middle facial area.
Apex of fx transverses bridge of nose. Two lateral fx's of pyramid extend through the
lacrimal bone of the face and ethmoid bone of skull into the median portion of both
orbits. Base of the fx extends above level of the upper teeth into maxilla. CSF leak is
possible.
,TNCC NOTES FOR WRITTEN EXAM LATEST 2025 |TEST
BANK|100% COMPLETE Pass A+
What is LeFort I fracture and its S/S? - ansTransverse maxillary fx that occurs above
level of teeth and results in separation of teeth from rest of maxilla.
What is kinetic energy (KE)? - ansKE equals 1/2 the mass (M) multiplied by the velocity
squared.
What is kinematics? - ansA branch of mechanics (energy transfer) that refers to motion
and does not consider the concepts of force and mass of the object or body.
What is hyphema and its S/S? - ansAccumulation of blood, mainly RBC's that disperse
and layer within the anterior chamber. A severe hymphema obscures entire anterior
chamber + will diminish visual acuity severely or completely. Injuries are graded on
amount of blood in chamber (Grades I-IV).
What is diffuse axonal injury and its signs and symptoms? - ans(DAI) is widespread,
rather than localized, through the brain. Diffuse shearing, tearing and compressive
stresses from rotational or accerleration/deceleration forces resulting in microscopic
damage primarily to axons within the brain.
What is Cushing's phenomenon or Cushing's Reflex? - ansTriad of progressive HTN,
bradycardia and diminished respiratory effort.
What is assessed under the Mnemonic "I"? - ansINSPECT POSTERIOR SURFACES
What is assessed under the Mnemonic "H"? - ansHISTORY / HEAD-TO-TOE
ASSESSMENT
What is assessed and intervened for Expose/Environmental Controls? - ans- Remove
clothing
What is an epidural hematoma and its S/S? - ansResults when a collection of blood
forms between the skull and the dura mater. Bleeding is arterial=blood accumulates
rapidly:
What is a subdural hematoma and its S/S? - ansA focal brain injury beneath the dura
mater that results from acceleration/deceleration. Usually venous, and not necessarily
from a fx. Formation may be acute or chronic.
What is a pulmonary contusion? - ansThey occur as a result of direct impact,
deceleration or high-velocity bullet wounds. It develops when blood leaks into lung
parenchyma, causing edema + hemorrhage. This usually develops overtime and not
immediately.
What is a Laryngeal Mask Airway? - ansLooks like an ET tube but is equipped with an
inflatable, elliptical, silicone rubber collar at the distal end. It is designed to cover the
supraglottic area.
What is a flail chest? - ansA fracture of two or more sites on two or more adjacent ribs,
or when rib fractures produce a free-floating sternum.
What is a concussion and its signs and symptoms? - ansA temporary change in
neurologic function that may occur as a result of minor head trauma.
What is a Combitube? - ansA dual-lumen, dual-cuff airway that can be placed blindly
into the esophagus to establish an airway. If inadvertently placed into trachea, it can be
used as a temporary ET tube. There are only two sizes: small adult and larger adult.
What is a cerebral contusion and its S/S? - ansA common focal brain injury in which
brain tissue is bruised and damaged in a local area. Mainly located in frontal and
, TNCC NOTES FOR WRITTEN EXAM LATEST 2025 |TEST
BANK|100% COMPLETE Pass A+
temporal lobes. May cause hemorrhage, infarction, necrosis and edema. Max effects of
bleeding & edema peak 18-36 post injury.
What intervention should be done if a pt presents with effective circulation? - ans- Insert
2 large caliber IV's
What happens to a ruptured diaphragm? - ansPotentially life-threatening, results from
forces that penetrate the body. Left hemidiaphragm is more susceptible to injury
because the right side is protected by the liver.
What could a flail chest be associated with? - ans- Ineffective ventilation
What are you looking for when percussing the chest? - ansDullness:
What are you looking for when palpating the chest wall, clavicles and neck? - ans-
Tenderness
What are you looking for when auscultating lung sounds? - ansAbsence of BS:
What are the two types of herniation that occurs with ICP? - ans1. Uncal herniation
What are the signs and symptoms of postconcussive syndrome? - ans- Persistent H/A
What are the S/S of pulmonary contusion? - ans- Dyspnea
What are the S/S of pericardial tamponade? - ansA collection of blood in pericardial sac.
As blood accumulates, it exerts pressure on the heart, inhibiting or compromising
ventricular filling.
What are the S/S of orbital fracture (orbital blowout fracture)? - ans- Diplopia (double
vision)
What are the S/S of Hemothorax? - ans- Dyspnea, tachypnea
What are the S/S of flail chest? - ans- Dyspnea
What are the S/S of a tension pneumothorax? - ans- Severe respiratory distress
What are the S/S of a pneumothorax? - ans- Dyspnea, tachypnea
What are the S/S of a linear skull fx? - ans- H/A
What are the S/S of a depressed skull fx? - ans- H/A
What are the S/S of a basilar skull fx? - ans- H/A
What are the Rapid Sequence Intubation Steps? - ansPREPARATION:
What are the nursing interventions for a pt with an ocular injury? - ans- Assess visual
acuity & reassess
What are the nursing interventions for a patient with a maxillofacial or neck injury? -
ans- Administer oxygen
What are the most common type of injury associated with chest trauma? - ansblunt;
MVC's. Penetrating; firarm injuries or stabbings
What are the mandibular fracture S/S? - ans- Malocclusion
What are the late signs of breathing compromise? - ans- Tracheal deviation
What are the late observable signs of symptoms of increased ICP? - ans- Dilated,
nonreactive pupil
What are the interventions for Effective/Ineffective Circulation? - ans- Control any
uncontrolled external bleeding by:
What are the interventions for Disability? - ans- If assessment indicates a decreased
LOC, conduct further investigation during secondary focused assessments
What are the early signs and symptoms of increased ICP? - ans- Headache
