HESI Milestone Exam 1 Study Guide
100% COMPLETE 2025
HESI Milestone Exam 1 Study Guide
100% COMPLETE
Histamine1 blockers action(mine, zine, dine) -
✔️bind selectively to H1-histaminic receptors, blocking the actions of histamine at
these sites
H1 antagonists are useful in treating -
✔️-mild allergies(seasonal rhinitis)
-severe allergies(anaphylaxis)
-motion sickness
-insomnia
-common cold
Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists action(tidine) -
✔️block the H2 receptors responsible for stimulating the secretion of gastric acid
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia -
✔️-can occur right after meals
-for severe hypoglycemia give IV dextrose
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia teaching -
✔️-teach about s/s of hypoglycemia(cold and clammy give them candy)
-have glucagon emergency kit available
-regular monitoring of A1c levels are required
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia causes -
✔️-insulin overdose
-reduced food intake
-vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive alcohol intake
-unaccustomed exercise
-termination of pregnancy
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia -
✔️-tachycardia
-palpitations
-sweating
-nervousness
-headache
-confusion
-drowsiness
-fatigue
,HESI Milestone Exam 1 Study Guide
100% COMPLETE 2025
antitussives therapeutic action is to -
✔️Act on the cough control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex; used
for a cough that is nonproductive and irritating
Anaphylaxis‐PCN -
✔️-laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe hypotension= immediate
hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis treatment -
✔️epinephrine (subQ, IM, or IV) plus respiratory support
What drugs are effective and safe alternatives for patients with penicillin allergies? -
✔️vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin
To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop patients should be? -
✔️observed for at least 30 minutes after drug injection (i.e., until the risk of an
anaphylactic reaction has passed).
To minimize the chances of an anaphylactic reaction, penicillin should be
administered -
✔️an initial small dose is followed at 60-minute intervals by progressively larger
doses until the full therapeutic dose has been achieved
Morphine overdose treatment -
✔️-Naloxone (narcan)
-Intravenous, IM, and subQ. For initial treatment, administer IV
CT‐diarrhea‐action -
✔️-decrease intestinal motility and thereby slow intestinal transit, which allows more
time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes
-activation of opioid receptors decreases secretion of fluid into the small intestine
and increases absorption of fluid and salt.
ACE inhibitor‐hyperkalemia -
✔️-Inhibition of aldosterone release (secondary to inhibition of angiotensin II
production) can cause potassium retention by the kidney.
-significant potassium accumulation is limited to patients taking potassium
supplements, salt substitutes (which contain potassium), or a potassium-sparing
diuretic.
Leukotrienes‐teaching -
✔️1. To take medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals
2. To increase fluid intake
3. Not to discontinue the medication and to take it as
prescribed, even during symptom-free period
, HESI Milestone Exam 1 Study Guide
100% COMPLETE 2025
Methadone therapeutic use -
✔️Relief or prevention of moderate to severe pain while causing minimal respiratory
depression, constipation, urinary retention, and other adverse effects.
methadone pain assessment -
✔️-Assess pain before administration and 1 hour later
-Determine the location, time of onset, and quality of pain (e.g., sharp, stabbing, dull)
-assess for psychologic factors that can lower pain threshold (anxiety, depression,
fear, anger)
methadone is given -
✔️Oral, IM, IV, subQ, rectal, epidural, intrathecal, transdermal (fentanyl), and
transmucosal (fentanyl)
Methadone assess for -
✔️-QT prolongation(dyshythmias)
-overdose
-respiratory depression
-substance abuse
-withdrawal symptoms
Methadone is used as -
✔️a replacement medication for opiate dependence and to facilitate withdrawal
When starting a patient on ACE inhibitors monitor what? -
✔️blood pressure closely for 2 hours after the first dose and periodically thereafter.
a major side effect of alpha blocker(osin) is what? -
✔️orthostatic hypotension
diclofenac does what to the liver? -
✔️cause severe injury
while taking diclofenac patients should? -
✔️-have periodic liver functions tests
-monitor and report for signs of liver damage(jaundice, fatigue, nausea)
calcium channel blockers toxicity signs -
✔️-severe hypotension
-cardiac-toxicity(bradycardia and av block)
-ventricular tachydhythmias
Managing Acute Toxicity in calcium channel blockers -
✔️-gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal
100% COMPLETE 2025
HESI Milestone Exam 1 Study Guide
100% COMPLETE
Histamine1 blockers action(mine, zine, dine) -
✔️bind selectively to H1-histaminic receptors, blocking the actions of histamine at
these sites
H1 antagonists are useful in treating -
✔️-mild allergies(seasonal rhinitis)
-severe allergies(anaphylaxis)
-motion sickness
-insomnia
-common cold
Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists action(tidine) -
✔️block the H2 receptors responsible for stimulating the secretion of gastric acid
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia -
✔️-can occur right after meals
-for severe hypoglycemia give IV dextrose
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia teaching -
✔️-teach about s/s of hypoglycemia(cold and clammy give them candy)
-have glucagon emergency kit available
-regular monitoring of A1c levels are required
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia causes -
✔️-insulin overdose
-reduced food intake
-vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive alcohol intake
-unaccustomed exercise
-termination of pregnancy
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia -
✔️-tachycardia
-palpitations
-sweating
-nervousness
-headache
-confusion
-drowsiness
-fatigue
,HESI Milestone Exam 1 Study Guide
100% COMPLETE 2025
antitussives therapeutic action is to -
✔️Act on the cough control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex; used
for a cough that is nonproductive and irritating
Anaphylaxis‐PCN -
✔️-laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe hypotension= immediate
hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis treatment -
✔️epinephrine (subQ, IM, or IV) plus respiratory support
What drugs are effective and safe alternatives for patients with penicillin allergies? -
✔️vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin
To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop patients should be? -
✔️observed for at least 30 minutes after drug injection (i.e., until the risk of an
anaphylactic reaction has passed).
To minimize the chances of an anaphylactic reaction, penicillin should be
administered -
✔️an initial small dose is followed at 60-minute intervals by progressively larger
doses until the full therapeutic dose has been achieved
Morphine overdose treatment -
✔️-Naloxone (narcan)
-Intravenous, IM, and subQ. For initial treatment, administer IV
CT‐diarrhea‐action -
✔️-decrease intestinal motility and thereby slow intestinal transit, which allows more
time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes
-activation of opioid receptors decreases secretion of fluid into the small intestine
and increases absorption of fluid and salt.
ACE inhibitor‐hyperkalemia -
✔️-Inhibition of aldosterone release (secondary to inhibition of angiotensin II
production) can cause potassium retention by the kidney.
-significant potassium accumulation is limited to patients taking potassium
supplements, salt substitutes (which contain potassium), or a potassium-sparing
diuretic.
Leukotrienes‐teaching -
✔️1. To take medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals
2. To increase fluid intake
3. Not to discontinue the medication and to take it as
prescribed, even during symptom-free period
, HESI Milestone Exam 1 Study Guide
100% COMPLETE 2025
Methadone therapeutic use -
✔️Relief or prevention of moderate to severe pain while causing minimal respiratory
depression, constipation, urinary retention, and other adverse effects.
methadone pain assessment -
✔️-Assess pain before administration and 1 hour later
-Determine the location, time of onset, and quality of pain (e.g., sharp, stabbing, dull)
-assess for psychologic factors that can lower pain threshold (anxiety, depression,
fear, anger)
methadone is given -
✔️Oral, IM, IV, subQ, rectal, epidural, intrathecal, transdermal (fentanyl), and
transmucosal (fentanyl)
Methadone assess for -
✔️-QT prolongation(dyshythmias)
-overdose
-respiratory depression
-substance abuse
-withdrawal symptoms
Methadone is used as -
✔️a replacement medication for opiate dependence and to facilitate withdrawal
When starting a patient on ACE inhibitors monitor what? -
✔️blood pressure closely for 2 hours after the first dose and periodically thereafter.
a major side effect of alpha blocker(osin) is what? -
✔️orthostatic hypotension
diclofenac does what to the liver? -
✔️cause severe injury
while taking diclofenac patients should? -
✔️-have periodic liver functions tests
-monitor and report for signs of liver damage(jaundice, fatigue, nausea)
calcium channel blockers toxicity signs -
✔️-severe hypotension
-cardiac-toxicity(bradycardia and av block)
-ventricular tachydhythmias
Managing Acute Toxicity in calcium channel blockers -
✔️-gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal
