LEARNING AIM A: EXAMINE REASONS WHY INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE ADDITIONAL
NEEDS
P1: Explain diagnostic procedures to determine additional needs for one child and one adult with
different additional needs.
M2: Assess the requirements of one child and one adult with different additional needs.
D1: Evaluate the significance to the individuals, their families and society of a diagnosis of
additional needs.
In this assignment I will be examining reasons why individuals may experience additional needs. I will
be explaining diagnostic procedures to determine additional needs for Rebecca (child case study)
and Ben (adult case study). I will be assessing the requirements of Rebecca and Ben who have
different additional needs. I will moreover be evaluating the significance to the individuals, their
families and society of a diagnosis of additional needs.
Learning disabilities can be described as mild, moderate, severe or profound. However, these are
terms to help comprehend the level of assistance an individual may require. They do not convey
others anything about who the individual truly is; therefore individuals ought to be cautious
regarding utilising common terms when labelling an individual. Mild learning disabilities are thought
to be when an individual is capable to talk but perhaps not comprehend or be able to elucidate new
information easily. They may, for instance, require additional time to completely understand
complex concepts. Moderate learning disabilities are deemed to be when an individual finds
everyday living activities, for instance dressing themselves, more difficult and they may have merely
rudimentary language skills to clarify how they are feeling or what they want. Severe and profound
learning disabilities are considered to be when an individual may have only very basic language skills
and will possibly converse through gestures instead of words. These individuals will require a high
level of support and will generally have more than one disability that necessitates additional
support. Diagnose is to recognise the nature of an illness or other medical condition by examination
of the symptoms. Symptoms are defined as the physical or mental features of a medical condition,
which can be perceived or sensed by the patient, for instance a headache or redness of the skin.
They are often subjective and may not be noticeable to other people.
(Pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk, 2020)
P1: Explain diagnostic procedures to determine additional needs for one child and one
adult with different additional needs.
Diagnostic procedures are techniques utilised to classify a particular ailment or medical condition.
Diagnostic procedures to decide what type of disability an individual has will be different for each
condition. Diagnostic assessment is used in health and social care settings to provide thorough
information regarding an individual’s need for provision. Assessment could comprise: finding out
about the individual’s distresses, establishing their experiences of home life, their education and
whether they obtain any social care, viewing their medical history, finding out whether they have
had any explicit assessment by a medical professional or team and a physical assessment. After an
individual’s profile has been produced, the professionals can recognise particular support needs.
BEN GRACE (ADULT CASE STUDY):
,Ben has been diagnosed with Down’s syndrome. Down’s syndrome, also called Trisomy 21, was first
described by Doctor John Langdon Down. It is a genetic condition caused by having an extra
chromosome, and occurs during conception. The way our bodies look and operate is largely a result
of our genes. We inherit our genes from our parents, and they are passed on to us in groups called
‘chromosomes’ with 23 chromosomes coming from each parent. A person with Down’s syndrome
has two copies of chromosome 21, meaning they have 47 in total. The extra gene causes Down’s
syndrome. Whilst the extra chromosome is inherited from one parent, this does not mean the
parent has Down’s syndrome or is a carrier of a particular gene that causes the condition. Instead, it
is caused by a one-off, spontaneous genetic change in the egg or sperm. Some Down's syndrome
symptoms, or characteristics, are present when a baby is born, and a person with Down’s syndrome
may have some distinctive physical features. As they grow up, a child with Down’s syndrome will
have some sort of learning disability. Some people with the condition may develop other healthcare
conditions through their lives. Everyone with Down’s syndrome is affected differently though and
most are able to live long, full lives, capable of doing many things that people without Down’s
syndrome are able to do. Around 40,000 people in the UK have Down's syndrome and around 1 in
1000 babies are born with Down’s syndrome each year. (NRS Healthcare, 2020) It is usually
associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic
facial features. People with Down's syndrome will have some level of learning disability. This means
they'll have a range of abilities. (nhs.uk, 2020)
Ben has also been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a disorder of insulin metabolism.
There are two distinctive types of diabetes. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas and it
controls blood sugar or glucose metabolism. Type 2 diabetes is a common condition that causes the
level of sugar (glucose) in the blood to become too high. It's instigated by complications with a
chemical in the body (hormone) called insulin. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes
resistant to insulin or when the pancreas is incapable of producing an adequate amount of insulin. It
is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolises sugar (glucose) — a vital source of
energy for your body. With type 2 diabetes, your body either resists the effects of insulin — a
hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells — or doesn't produce enough insulin
to maintain normal glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes used to be identified as adult-onset diabetes, but
currently more children are being diagnosed with the disorder, perhaps due to the rise in childhood
obesity. There's no cure for type 2 diabetes, but losing weight, eating well and exercising can help
manage the disease. If diet and exercise aren't enough to manage blood sugar well, individuals may
moreover need diabetes medications or insulin therapy. (Mayo Clinic, 2020)
Screening tests can indicate the likelihood or chances that a mother is carrying a baby with Down
syndrome. But these tests can't tell for sure or diagnose whether the baby has Down syndrome.
Diagnostic tests can identify or diagnose whether a baby has Down syndrome. Screening for Down
syndrome is offered as a routine part of prenatal care. Although screening tests can only identify a
person’s risk of carrying a baby with Down syndrome, they can help the individual make decisions
about more-specific diagnostic tests. Screening tests include the first trimester combined test and
the integrated screening test. The first trimester combined test, which is done in two steps,
includes: blood test. This blood test measures the levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A
(PAPP-A) and the pregnancy hormone known as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Abnormal
levels of PAPP-A and HCG may indicate a problem with the baby. Nuchal translucency test: during
this test, an ultrasound is used to measure a specific area on the back of the baby's neck. This is
,known as a nuchal translucency screening test. When abnormalities are present, more fluid than
usual tends to collect in this neck tissue. Using the individual’s age and the results of the blood test
and the ultrasound, their doctor or genetic counsellor can estimate their risk of having a baby with
Down syndrome. The integrated screening test is done in two parts during the first and second
trimesters of pregnancy. The results are combined to estimate the risk that the baby has Down
syndrome. First trimester: part one includes a blood test to measure PAPP-A and an ultrasound to
measure nuchal translucency. Second trimester: the quad screen measures the blood level of four
pregnancy-associated substances: alpha fetoprotein, estriol, HCG and inhibin A. (Mayoclinic.org,
2020)
There is a major distinction between diagnostic testing and screening. When an individual exhibits
symptoms or signs of the disease, diagnostic tests are performed, and such tests do not represent
screening. The purpose of screening is to identify asymptomatic individuals who are likely to have
diabetes. Separate diagnostic tests using standard criteria are required after positive screening tests
to establish a definitive diagnosis.
Diagnostic tests can also be carried out during pregnancy. If the screening test results are positive or
worrisome, or the individual is at high risk of having a baby with Down syndrome, they might
consider more testing to confirm the diagnosis. Diagnostic tests that can identify Down syndrome
include: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS). In CVS, cells are taken from the placenta and used to analyse
the foetal chromosomes. This test is typically performed in the first trimester, between 10 and 13
weeks of pregnancy. The risk of pregnancy loss (miscarriage) from a CVS is very low. The tools used
for this are a thin tube which is attached to a syringe, or small forceps, are inserted through the
vagina and cervix and guided towards the placenta using the ultrasound scan. Amniocentesis: a
sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding the foetus is withdrawn through a needle inserted into the
mother's uterus. This sample is then used to analyse the chromosomes of the foetus. Doctors usually
perform this test in the second trimester, after 15 weeks of pregnancy. This test also carries a very
low risk of miscarriage. The tools used to diagnose the condition is a skin disinfectant (such as
Betadine), a spinal needle (20-22 gauge), and sterile syringes to collect amniotic fluid are also
needed. An 18-gauge spinal needle can be used if lots of amniotic fluid is being removed.
(Emedicine.medscape.com, 2020) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is an option for couples
undergoing in vitro fertilisation who are at increased risk of passing along certain genetic conditions.
The embryo is tested for genetic abnormalities before it's implanted in the womb. After birth, the
initial diagnosis of Down syndrome is often based on the baby's appearance. But the features
associated with Down syndrome can be found in babies without Down syndrome, so the health care
provider will likely order a test called a chromosomal karyotype to confirm diagnosis. Using a sample
of blood, this test analyses the child's chromosomes. If there's an extra chromosome 21 in all or
some cells, the diagnosis is Down syndrome. (Mayoclinic.org, 2020) The diagnostic tools can also be
used such as diagnostic assessment is used in health and social care settings to provide detailed
information about an individual’s need for support. Assessment may include: finding out about the
individual’s concerns, establishing their experiences of home life, their education and whether they
receive any social care, looking at their medical history, finding out whether they have had any
specific assessment by a medical professional or team and a physical examination. Assessments
could be carried out for Ben to see how severe Ben’s Down syndrome is as everyone who is
diagnosed with Down syndrome is unique and have difficulties in different aspects of development
, compared to others. Doing an assessment would help Ben realise what additional support he may
need or what he may be eligible to. (Pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk, 2020)
Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed using the: Glycated haemoglobin (A1C) test. This blood test
indicates your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. Normal levels are below
5.7 percent, and a result between 5.7 and 6.4 percent is considered prediabetes. An A1C level of 6.5
percent or higher on two separate tests means you have diabetes. Ben most likely
If the A1C test isn't available, or if the individual has certain conditions — such as an uncommon
form of haemoglobin (known as a haemoglobin variant) — that interfere with A1C test, the doctor
may use the following tests to diagnose diabetes: Random blood sugar test. Blood sugar values are
expressed in milligrams per decilitre (mg/dL) or millimoles per litre (mmol/L). Regardless of when
you last ate, a blood sample showing that your blood sugar level is 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or
higher suggests diabetes, especially if you also have signs and symptoms of diabetes, such as
frequent urination and extreme thirst. Fasting blood sugar test: a blood sample is taken after an
overnight fast. A reading of less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A level from 100 to 125 mg/
dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If their fasting blood sugar is 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L)
or higher on two separate tests, they have diabetes. (Mayoclinic.org, 2020)
There are three main types of Down’s syndrome: Trisomy 21: 94% of people with Down’s syndrome
have this type. Every cell in the body has an extra copy of chromosome 21. Translocation: 4% of
people with Down’s syndrome have this type. Part of chromosome 21 attaches to another
chromosome. Mosaicism: 2% of people with Down's syndrome have this type. Chromosome 21 is
copied to just a selection of cells, and people tend to have fewer or less prominent delays in their
development. Down’s syndrome is not a disease or an illness, and people with Down’s syndrome do
not have definitive list of physical or mental ailments that Down’s syndrome causes. However, the
condition does usually bring with it some level of learning disability, developmental delays, and
some common physical features, which we cover here in more detail. It is important to remember
though, that no two people with the condition are the same. People with Down’s syndrome are
individuals, with different abilities, feelings, personalities and experiences. People who have Down’s
syndrome are all unique and dissimilar from each other. When Ben was diagnosed with Down’s
syndrome, he may have taken longer to learn some skills during his development as a child, for
example, sitting, standing, walking and talking. Most children with Down’s syndrome have some
level of learning disability. This means they may take longer to learn skills or to understand and
process information. Sometimes, they may find interaction and communication difficult. A small
number of children with Down’s syndrome develop other conditions such as autism or ADHD.
Down’s syndrome varies in severity among individuals, causing lifelong intellectual disability and
developmental delays. It's the most common genetic chromosomal disorder and cause of learning
disabilities in children. It also commonly causes other medical abnormalities, including heart and
gastrointestinal disorders. Better understanding of Down syndrome and early interventions can
greatly increase the quality of life for children and adults with this disorder and help them live
fulfilling lives. (Mayo Clinic, 2020) The stability of this condition may worsen over time as the inner
workings of people with Down syndrome age much faster than typically-developing individuals, a
new study suggests. Various parts of the body age at an accelerated pace in those with Down
syndrome, researchers say, possibly explaining the heightened risk for various medical issues among
this population. For example, Ben may be more vulnerable to sensory loss. Adults like Ben with
NEEDS
P1: Explain diagnostic procedures to determine additional needs for one child and one adult with
different additional needs.
M2: Assess the requirements of one child and one adult with different additional needs.
D1: Evaluate the significance to the individuals, their families and society of a diagnosis of
additional needs.
In this assignment I will be examining reasons why individuals may experience additional needs. I will
be explaining diagnostic procedures to determine additional needs for Rebecca (child case study)
and Ben (adult case study). I will be assessing the requirements of Rebecca and Ben who have
different additional needs. I will moreover be evaluating the significance to the individuals, their
families and society of a diagnosis of additional needs.
Learning disabilities can be described as mild, moderate, severe or profound. However, these are
terms to help comprehend the level of assistance an individual may require. They do not convey
others anything about who the individual truly is; therefore individuals ought to be cautious
regarding utilising common terms when labelling an individual. Mild learning disabilities are thought
to be when an individual is capable to talk but perhaps not comprehend or be able to elucidate new
information easily. They may, for instance, require additional time to completely understand
complex concepts. Moderate learning disabilities are deemed to be when an individual finds
everyday living activities, for instance dressing themselves, more difficult and they may have merely
rudimentary language skills to clarify how they are feeling or what they want. Severe and profound
learning disabilities are considered to be when an individual may have only very basic language skills
and will possibly converse through gestures instead of words. These individuals will require a high
level of support and will generally have more than one disability that necessitates additional
support. Diagnose is to recognise the nature of an illness or other medical condition by examination
of the symptoms. Symptoms are defined as the physical or mental features of a medical condition,
which can be perceived or sensed by the patient, for instance a headache or redness of the skin.
They are often subjective and may not be noticeable to other people.
(Pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk, 2020)
P1: Explain diagnostic procedures to determine additional needs for one child and one
adult with different additional needs.
Diagnostic procedures are techniques utilised to classify a particular ailment or medical condition.
Diagnostic procedures to decide what type of disability an individual has will be different for each
condition. Diagnostic assessment is used in health and social care settings to provide thorough
information regarding an individual’s need for provision. Assessment could comprise: finding out
about the individual’s distresses, establishing their experiences of home life, their education and
whether they obtain any social care, viewing their medical history, finding out whether they have
had any explicit assessment by a medical professional or team and a physical assessment. After an
individual’s profile has been produced, the professionals can recognise particular support needs.
BEN GRACE (ADULT CASE STUDY):
,Ben has been diagnosed with Down’s syndrome. Down’s syndrome, also called Trisomy 21, was first
described by Doctor John Langdon Down. It is a genetic condition caused by having an extra
chromosome, and occurs during conception. The way our bodies look and operate is largely a result
of our genes. We inherit our genes from our parents, and they are passed on to us in groups called
‘chromosomes’ with 23 chromosomes coming from each parent. A person with Down’s syndrome
has two copies of chromosome 21, meaning they have 47 in total. The extra gene causes Down’s
syndrome. Whilst the extra chromosome is inherited from one parent, this does not mean the
parent has Down’s syndrome or is a carrier of a particular gene that causes the condition. Instead, it
is caused by a one-off, spontaneous genetic change in the egg or sperm. Some Down's syndrome
symptoms, or characteristics, are present when a baby is born, and a person with Down’s syndrome
may have some distinctive physical features. As they grow up, a child with Down’s syndrome will
have some sort of learning disability. Some people with the condition may develop other healthcare
conditions through their lives. Everyone with Down’s syndrome is affected differently though and
most are able to live long, full lives, capable of doing many things that people without Down’s
syndrome are able to do. Around 40,000 people in the UK have Down's syndrome and around 1 in
1000 babies are born with Down’s syndrome each year. (NRS Healthcare, 2020) It is usually
associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic
facial features. People with Down's syndrome will have some level of learning disability. This means
they'll have a range of abilities. (nhs.uk, 2020)
Ben has also been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a disorder of insulin metabolism.
There are two distinctive types of diabetes. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas and it
controls blood sugar or glucose metabolism. Type 2 diabetes is a common condition that causes the
level of sugar (glucose) in the blood to become too high. It's instigated by complications with a
chemical in the body (hormone) called insulin. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes
resistant to insulin or when the pancreas is incapable of producing an adequate amount of insulin. It
is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolises sugar (glucose) — a vital source of
energy for your body. With type 2 diabetes, your body either resists the effects of insulin — a
hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells — or doesn't produce enough insulin
to maintain normal glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes used to be identified as adult-onset diabetes, but
currently more children are being diagnosed with the disorder, perhaps due to the rise in childhood
obesity. There's no cure for type 2 diabetes, but losing weight, eating well and exercising can help
manage the disease. If diet and exercise aren't enough to manage blood sugar well, individuals may
moreover need diabetes medications or insulin therapy. (Mayo Clinic, 2020)
Screening tests can indicate the likelihood or chances that a mother is carrying a baby with Down
syndrome. But these tests can't tell for sure or diagnose whether the baby has Down syndrome.
Diagnostic tests can identify or diagnose whether a baby has Down syndrome. Screening for Down
syndrome is offered as a routine part of prenatal care. Although screening tests can only identify a
person’s risk of carrying a baby with Down syndrome, they can help the individual make decisions
about more-specific diagnostic tests. Screening tests include the first trimester combined test and
the integrated screening test. The first trimester combined test, which is done in two steps,
includes: blood test. This blood test measures the levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A
(PAPP-A) and the pregnancy hormone known as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Abnormal
levels of PAPP-A and HCG may indicate a problem with the baby. Nuchal translucency test: during
this test, an ultrasound is used to measure a specific area on the back of the baby's neck. This is
,known as a nuchal translucency screening test. When abnormalities are present, more fluid than
usual tends to collect in this neck tissue. Using the individual’s age and the results of the blood test
and the ultrasound, their doctor or genetic counsellor can estimate their risk of having a baby with
Down syndrome. The integrated screening test is done in two parts during the first and second
trimesters of pregnancy. The results are combined to estimate the risk that the baby has Down
syndrome. First trimester: part one includes a blood test to measure PAPP-A and an ultrasound to
measure nuchal translucency. Second trimester: the quad screen measures the blood level of four
pregnancy-associated substances: alpha fetoprotein, estriol, HCG and inhibin A. (Mayoclinic.org,
2020)
There is a major distinction between diagnostic testing and screening. When an individual exhibits
symptoms or signs of the disease, diagnostic tests are performed, and such tests do not represent
screening. The purpose of screening is to identify asymptomatic individuals who are likely to have
diabetes. Separate diagnostic tests using standard criteria are required after positive screening tests
to establish a definitive diagnosis.
Diagnostic tests can also be carried out during pregnancy. If the screening test results are positive or
worrisome, or the individual is at high risk of having a baby with Down syndrome, they might
consider more testing to confirm the diagnosis. Diagnostic tests that can identify Down syndrome
include: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS). In CVS, cells are taken from the placenta and used to analyse
the foetal chromosomes. This test is typically performed in the first trimester, between 10 and 13
weeks of pregnancy. The risk of pregnancy loss (miscarriage) from a CVS is very low. The tools used
for this are a thin tube which is attached to a syringe, or small forceps, are inserted through the
vagina and cervix and guided towards the placenta using the ultrasound scan. Amniocentesis: a
sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding the foetus is withdrawn through a needle inserted into the
mother's uterus. This sample is then used to analyse the chromosomes of the foetus. Doctors usually
perform this test in the second trimester, after 15 weeks of pregnancy. This test also carries a very
low risk of miscarriage. The tools used to diagnose the condition is a skin disinfectant (such as
Betadine), a spinal needle (20-22 gauge), and sterile syringes to collect amniotic fluid are also
needed. An 18-gauge spinal needle can be used if lots of amniotic fluid is being removed.
(Emedicine.medscape.com, 2020) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is an option for couples
undergoing in vitro fertilisation who are at increased risk of passing along certain genetic conditions.
The embryo is tested for genetic abnormalities before it's implanted in the womb. After birth, the
initial diagnosis of Down syndrome is often based on the baby's appearance. But the features
associated with Down syndrome can be found in babies without Down syndrome, so the health care
provider will likely order a test called a chromosomal karyotype to confirm diagnosis. Using a sample
of blood, this test analyses the child's chromosomes. If there's an extra chromosome 21 in all or
some cells, the diagnosis is Down syndrome. (Mayoclinic.org, 2020) The diagnostic tools can also be
used such as diagnostic assessment is used in health and social care settings to provide detailed
information about an individual’s need for support. Assessment may include: finding out about the
individual’s concerns, establishing their experiences of home life, their education and whether they
receive any social care, looking at their medical history, finding out whether they have had any
specific assessment by a medical professional or team and a physical examination. Assessments
could be carried out for Ben to see how severe Ben’s Down syndrome is as everyone who is
diagnosed with Down syndrome is unique and have difficulties in different aspects of development
, compared to others. Doing an assessment would help Ben realise what additional support he may
need or what he may be eligible to. (Pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk, 2020)
Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed using the: Glycated haemoglobin (A1C) test. This blood test
indicates your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. Normal levels are below
5.7 percent, and a result between 5.7 and 6.4 percent is considered prediabetes. An A1C level of 6.5
percent or higher on two separate tests means you have diabetes. Ben most likely
If the A1C test isn't available, or if the individual has certain conditions — such as an uncommon
form of haemoglobin (known as a haemoglobin variant) — that interfere with A1C test, the doctor
may use the following tests to diagnose diabetes: Random blood sugar test. Blood sugar values are
expressed in milligrams per decilitre (mg/dL) or millimoles per litre (mmol/L). Regardless of when
you last ate, a blood sample showing that your blood sugar level is 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or
higher suggests diabetes, especially if you also have signs and symptoms of diabetes, such as
frequent urination and extreme thirst. Fasting blood sugar test: a blood sample is taken after an
overnight fast. A reading of less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A level from 100 to 125 mg/
dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If their fasting blood sugar is 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L)
or higher on two separate tests, they have diabetes. (Mayoclinic.org, 2020)
There are three main types of Down’s syndrome: Trisomy 21: 94% of people with Down’s syndrome
have this type. Every cell in the body has an extra copy of chromosome 21. Translocation: 4% of
people with Down’s syndrome have this type. Part of chromosome 21 attaches to another
chromosome. Mosaicism: 2% of people with Down's syndrome have this type. Chromosome 21 is
copied to just a selection of cells, and people tend to have fewer or less prominent delays in their
development. Down’s syndrome is not a disease or an illness, and people with Down’s syndrome do
not have definitive list of physical or mental ailments that Down’s syndrome causes. However, the
condition does usually bring with it some level of learning disability, developmental delays, and
some common physical features, which we cover here in more detail. It is important to remember
though, that no two people with the condition are the same. People with Down’s syndrome are
individuals, with different abilities, feelings, personalities and experiences. People who have Down’s
syndrome are all unique and dissimilar from each other. When Ben was diagnosed with Down’s
syndrome, he may have taken longer to learn some skills during his development as a child, for
example, sitting, standing, walking and talking. Most children with Down’s syndrome have some
level of learning disability. This means they may take longer to learn skills or to understand and
process information. Sometimes, they may find interaction and communication difficult. A small
number of children with Down’s syndrome develop other conditions such as autism or ADHD.
Down’s syndrome varies in severity among individuals, causing lifelong intellectual disability and
developmental delays. It's the most common genetic chromosomal disorder and cause of learning
disabilities in children. It also commonly causes other medical abnormalities, including heart and
gastrointestinal disorders. Better understanding of Down syndrome and early interventions can
greatly increase the quality of life for children and adults with this disorder and help them live
fulfilling lives. (Mayo Clinic, 2020) The stability of this condition may worsen over time as the inner
workings of people with Down syndrome age much faster than typically-developing individuals, a
new study suggests. Various parts of the body age at an accelerated pace in those with Down
syndrome, researchers say, possibly explaining the heightened risk for various medical issues among
this population. For example, Ben may be more vulnerable to sensory loss. Adults like Ben with
