PNS1202 FINAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What rare rthe rdietary rconcerns rwhen rtaking rfurosemide r(Lasix)? r-
rCORRECT✅✅Low rsodium, rhigh rpotassium rdiet
What ris ra rnormal rsodium rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅135-145
What ris ra rnormal rpotassium rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅3.5-5.2
What ris ra rnormal rmagnesium rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅1.5-2.5
What ris ra rnormal rphosphorus rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅2.5-4.5
What ris ra rnormal rcalcium rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅8.5-10
What ris rthe rnormal ramount rof rRBCs? r- rCORRECT✅✅4.2-6
What ris rthe rnormal radult rHgb? r- rCORRECT✅✅10-15
What ris rthe rnormal radult rHct? r- rCORRECT✅✅30-45
What ris rthe rnormal ramount rof rWBCs? r- rCORRECT✅✅5,000-11,000
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhyponatremia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Fatigue,
rlethargy, rheadache, rmental rconfusion, raltered rlevel rof rconsciousness, ranxiety, rcoma,
ranorexia, rnausea, rvomiting, rmuscle rcramps, rseizures, rdecreased rsensation rand rBP
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhyponatremia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Restrict
rwater rintake, rhave ra rnormal rsodium rintake, rand rreplace rwater rloss rwith rfluids
rcontaining rsodium
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhypernatremia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Dry rmucous
rmembranes, rtaut rskin rturgor, rintense rthirst, rflushed rskin, roliguria, rhyperthermia,
rweakness, rlethargy, rirritability, rtwitching, rseizures, rcoma, rand rintracranial rbleeding
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhypernatremia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Increase
rfluid rintake, rmeasure rI&Os, rrestrict rsodium rintake, rand rmonitor rtemperature
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhypokalemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅abdominal
rpain, rparalytic rileus, rgaseous rdistention rof rintestines, rcardiac rdysrhythmias, rmuscle
,rweakness, rdecreased rreflexes, rparalysis, rurinary rretention, rincreased rurinary rpH,
rlethargy, rconfusion, rand relectrocardiogram rchanges
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhypokalemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Eat rpotassium
rrich rfoods, robserve rfor rdigitalis rtoxicity, rand rmonitor rI&O rand rcardiac rrhythm
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhyperkalemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅muscle
rweakness, rfatigue, rhypotension, rnausea, rparesthesias, rparalysis, rcardiac
rdysrhythmias, rand rECG rchanges
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhyperkalemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Decrease
rintake rof rpotassium rrich rfoods, rincrease rfluid rintake, rand ruse rsalt rsubstitutes rthat
rcontain rpotassium
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhypocalcemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅paresthesia,
rabdominal rcramps, rweak rpulse, rdecreased rBP, rseizures, rmuscle rspasms, rtetany,
rhand rspasm, rpositive rchvostek rsign, rpositive rtrousseau rsign, rcardiac rdysrhythmia,
rwheezing, rdyspnea, rdifficulty rswallowing, rcolic, rcardiac rfailure, rexcessive rblood
rtransfusions
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhypocalcemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Eat rcalcium
rrich rfoods rand rtake rcalcium rsupplements r30 rminutes rbefore rmeals
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhypercalcemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅anorexia,
rnausea, rabdominal rpain, rconstipation, rmuscle rweakness, rconstipation, rmuscle
rweakness, roliguria, rconfusion, rrenal rcalculi, rpathologic rfractures, rdysrhythmias, rand
rcardiac rarrest
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhypercalcemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Administer
rdiuretics, rencourage rhigh rfluid rintake, rand rmonitor rI&Os
What rcauses rrespiratory racidosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Slow rrespirations ror rrespiratory
robstruction
What ris rthe rmain rs/s rof rrespiratory racidosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Dyspnea
What rcauses rmetabolic racidosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Shock, rdiabetic rketoacidosis,
rrenal rfailure, rand rdiarrhea
What ris rthe rmain rs/s rof rmetabolic racidosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Confusion/headache
What rcauses rrespiratory ralkalosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Hyperventilation
What ris rthe rmain rs/s rof rrespiratory ralkalosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Tachypnea
, What rcauses rmetabolic ralkalosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Vomiting, rexcessive rantacid
rintake, rand rhypokalemia
What ris rthe rmain rs/s rof rmetabolic ralkalosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Seizures
How ris rHIV rtransmitted? r- rCORRECT✅✅Exposure rto rHIV rinfected rblood, rbodily
rfluids ror rtissue rby runprotected rsex, rsharing rneedles, rand rmaternal-fetal rexposure.
What rare rthe rinitial rs/s rof rAIDS? r- rCORRECT✅✅Flu-like: rfever, rfatigue, rdiarrhea,
rand rloss rof rappetite
What rare rthe rcomplications rof rAIDS? r- rCORRECT✅✅Wasting rsyndrome, rkaposi
rsarcoma, rlymphomas rand rencephalopathy
What ris rwasting rsyndrome? r- rCORRECT✅✅Losing rmore rthan r10% rof rweight
ralong rwith r30 rdays rof rdiarrhea, rweakness, rand rfever.
What ris rkaposi rsarcoma? r- rCORRECT✅✅Pink/red/purple rdiscolorations ron rthe
rskin, rmouth, rlungs, ror rintestines
What rare rlymphomas? r- rCORRECT✅✅Tumors rof rthe rtissues rand rcells rof rthe
rlymphatic rsystem
What ris rencephalopathy? r- rCORRECT✅✅Neurologic rsigns rand rsymptoms rthat rare
rhard rto rdifferentiate rfrom rdepression, rparkinson's rdisease rand rAlzheimer rdisease.
What rshould ryou rteach ra rpatient rregarding rusing ra rdecongestant rnasal rspray? r-
rCORRECT✅✅If rthey rtake rit rfor rmore rthan r3 rdays, rit rcan rcause ra rrebound reffect
rmaking rthe rnose rstuffier.
Define rstridor ras rit rpertains rto rlaryngeal rconditions. r- rCORRECT✅✅Stridor ris
rcaused rby rlaryngeal rinflammation
What ris rthe rpost-op rcare rfor rnasal rsurgery? r- rCORRECT✅✅Lay rin ra rsemi-fowler's
rposition, rdrink rplenty rof rfluids, ruse ran ricepack ron rthe rnose, rdo rnot rblow rnose, ruse
rsaline rrinses, rdo rnot rbend/strain/exercise rfor r2 rweeks, rand rdo rnot ruse ra rstraw.
What ris rthe rpositive rreading rfor ra rPPD rtest rfor ra rperson rwith ra rhistory rof rcontact
rwith rTB? r- rCORRECT✅✅5mm
What ris rthe rpositive rreading rfor ra rPPD rtest rfor ra rperson rthat ris ran rimmigrant,
rlacking rproper rmedical rattention, rand rhomeless? r- rCORRECT✅✅10mm
What ris rthe rpositive rreading rfor ra rPPD rtest rfor ra rperson rthat ris rlow rrisk? r-
rCORRECT✅✅15mm
ANSWERS
What rare rthe rdietary rconcerns rwhen rtaking rfurosemide r(Lasix)? r-
rCORRECT✅✅Low rsodium, rhigh rpotassium rdiet
What ris ra rnormal rsodium rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅135-145
What ris ra rnormal rpotassium rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅3.5-5.2
What ris ra rnormal rmagnesium rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅1.5-2.5
What ris ra rnormal rphosphorus rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅2.5-4.5
What ris ra rnormal rcalcium rlevel? r- rCORRECT✅✅8.5-10
What ris rthe rnormal ramount rof rRBCs? r- rCORRECT✅✅4.2-6
What ris rthe rnormal radult rHgb? r- rCORRECT✅✅10-15
What ris rthe rnormal radult rHct? r- rCORRECT✅✅30-45
What ris rthe rnormal ramount rof rWBCs? r- rCORRECT✅✅5,000-11,000
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhyponatremia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Fatigue,
rlethargy, rheadache, rmental rconfusion, raltered rlevel rof rconsciousness, ranxiety, rcoma,
ranorexia, rnausea, rvomiting, rmuscle rcramps, rseizures, rdecreased rsensation rand rBP
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhyponatremia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Restrict
rwater rintake, rhave ra rnormal rsodium rintake, rand rreplace rwater rloss rwith rfluids
rcontaining rsodium
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhypernatremia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Dry rmucous
rmembranes, rtaut rskin rturgor, rintense rthirst, rflushed rskin, roliguria, rhyperthermia,
rweakness, rlethargy, rirritability, rtwitching, rseizures, rcoma, rand rintracranial rbleeding
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhypernatremia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Increase
rfluid rintake, rmeasure rI&Os, rrestrict rsodium rintake, rand rmonitor rtemperature
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhypokalemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅abdominal
rpain, rparalytic rileus, rgaseous rdistention rof rintestines, rcardiac rdysrhythmias, rmuscle
,rweakness, rdecreased rreflexes, rparalysis, rurinary rretention, rincreased rurinary rpH,
rlethargy, rconfusion, rand relectrocardiogram rchanges
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhypokalemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Eat rpotassium
rrich rfoods, robserve rfor rdigitalis rtoxicity, rand rmonitor rI&O rand rcardiac rrhythm
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhyperkalemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅muscle
rweakness, rfatigue, rhypotension, rnausea, rparesthesias, rparalysis, rcardiac
rdysrhythmias, rand rECG rchanges
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhyperkalemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Decrease
rintake rof rpotassium rrich rfoods, rincrease rfluid rintake, rand ruse rsalt rsubstitutes rthat
rcontain rpotassium
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhypocalcemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅paresthesia,
rabdominal rcramps, rweak rpulse, rdecreased rBP, rseizures, rmuscle rspasms, rtetany,
rhand rspasm, rpositive rchvostek rsign, rpositive rtrousseau rsign, rcardiac rdysrhythmia,
rwheezing, rdyspnea, rdifficulty rswallowing, rcolic, rcardiac rfailure, rexcessive rblood
rtransfusions
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhypocalcemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Eat rcalcium
rrich rfoods rand rtake rcalcium rsupplements r30 rminutes rbefore rmeals
What rare rthe rsigns rand rsymptoms rof rhypercalcemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅anorexia,
rnausea, rabdominal rpain, rconstipation, rmuscle rweakness, rconstipation, rmuscle
rweakness, roliguria, rconfusion, rrenal rcalculi, rpathologic rfractures, rdysrhythmias, rand
rcardiac rarrest
What rare rthe rnursing rinterventions rfor rhypercalcemia? r- rCORRECT✅✅Administer
rdiuretics, rencourage rhigh rfluid rintake, rand rmonitor rI&Os
What rcauses rrespiratory racidosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Slow rrespirations ror rrespiratory
robstruction
What ris rthe rmain rs/s rof rrespiratory racidosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Dyspnea
What rcauses rmetabolic racidosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Shock, rdiabetic rketoacidosis,
rrenal rfailure, rand rdiarrhea
What ris rthe rmain rs/s rof rmetabolic racidosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Confusion/headache
What rcauses rrespiratory ralkalosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Hyperventilation
What ris rthe rmain rs/s rof rrespiratory ralkalosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Tachypnea
, What rcauses rmetabolic ralkalosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Vomiting, rexcessive rantacid
rintake, rand rhypokalemia
What ris rthe rmain rs/s rof rmetabolic ralkalosis? r- rCORRECT✅✅Seizures
How ris rHIV rtransmitted? r- rCORRECT✅✅Exposure rto rHIV rinfected rblood, rbodily
rfluids ror rtissue rby runprotected rsex, rsharing rneedles, rand rmaternal-fetal rexposure.
What rare rthe rinitial rs/s rof rAIDS? r- rCORRECT✅✅Flu-like: rfever, rfatigue, rdiarrhea,
rand rloss rof rappetite
What rare rthe rcomplications rof rAIDS? r- rCORRECT✅✅Wasting rsyndrome, rkaposi
rsarcoma, rlymphomas rand rencephalopathy
What ris rwasting rsyndrome? r- rCORRECT✅✅Losing rmore rthan r10% rof rweight
ralong rwith r30 rdays rof rdiarrhea, rweakness, rand rfever.
What ris rkaposi rsarcoma? r- rCORRECT✅✅Pink/red/purple rdiscolorations ron rthe
rskin, rmouth, rlungs, ror rintestines
What rare rlymphomas? r- rCORRECT✅✅Tumors rof rthe rtissues rand rcells rof rthe
rlymphatic rsystem
What ris rencephalopathy? r- rCORRECT✅✅Neurologic rsigns rand rsymptoms rthat rare
rhard rto rdifferentiate rfrom rdepression, rparkinson's rdisease rand rAlzheimer rdisease.
What rshould ryou rteach ra rpatient rregarding rusing ra rdecongestant rnasal rspray? r-
rCORRECT✅✅If rthey rtake rit rfor rmore rthan r3 rdays, rit rcan rcause ra rrebound reffect
rmaking rthe rnose rstuffier.
Define rstridor ras rit rpertains rto rlaryngeal rconditions. r- rCORRECT✅✅Stridor ris
rcaused rby rlaryngeal rinflammation
What ris rthe rpost-op rcare rfor rnasal rsurgery? r- rCORRECT✅✅Lay rin ra rsemi-fowler's
rposition, rdrink rplenty rof rfluids, ruse ran ricepack ron rthe rnose, rdo rnot rblow rnose, ruse
rsaline rrinses, rdo rnot rbend/strain/exercise rfor r2 rweeks, rand rdo rnot ruse ra rstraw.
What ris rthe rpositive rreading rfor ra rPPD rtest rfor ra rperson rwith ra rhistory rof rcontact
rwith rTB? r- rCORRECT✅✅5mm
What ris rthe rpositive rreading rfor ra rPPD rtest rfor ra rperson rthat ris ran rimmigrant,
rlacking rproper rmedical rattention, rand rhomeless? r- rCORRECT✅✅10mm
What ris rthe rpositive rreading rfor ra rPPD rtest rfor ra rperson rthat ris rlow rrisk? r-
rCORRECT✅✅15mm
