Cardiovascular Exam 2 Questions with Verified Answers

B. Systolic murmur - ANSWERSA 55-year-old man with aortic valve stenosis is being admitted for valve replacement surgery. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect? A. Pulse deficit B. Systolic murmur C. Distended neck veins D. Splinter hemorrhages D. b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) - ANSWERSA 74-year-old woman who is admitted with severe dyspnea has a history of heart failure and chronic obstructive lung disease. Which diagnostic study would the nurse expect to be elevated if the cause of dyspnea was cardiac related? A. Serum potassium B. Serum homocysteine C. High-density lipoprotein D. b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) B. Sitting and leaning forward - ANSWERSThe nurse is assessing a 62-year-old woman undergoing radiation treatment for breast cancer. How should the nurse position the patient to auscultate for signs of acute pericarditis? A. Supine without a pillow B. Sitting and leaning forward C. Left lateral sidelying position D. Head of bed at a 45-degree angle B. Women are more likely to have noncardiac symptoms of heart disease. - ANSWERSA nurse is preparing to teach a group of women in a community volunteer group about heart disease. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan? A. Women are less likely to delay seeking treatment than men. B. Women are more likely to have noncardiac symptoms of heart disease. C. Women are often less ill when presenting for treatment of heart disease. D. Women experience more symptoms of heart disease at a younger age than men. A. IV sedation may be administered to help the patient relax. - ANSWERSA 64-year-old patient with a history of myocardial infarction is scheduled for a transesophageal echocardiogram to visualize a suspected clot in the left atrium. What information should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this diagnostic study? A. IV sedation may be administered to help the patient relax. B. Food and fluids are restricted for 2 hours before the procedure. C. Ambulation is restricted for up to 6 hours before the procedure. D. Contrast medium is injected into the esophagus to enhance images. A. Cleansing and maintenance of extracellular fluid volume - ANSWERSThe nurse knows that diuretics mostly affect which function of the kidneys? A. Cleansing and maintenance of extracellular fluid volume B. Maintenance of acid-base balance C. Excretion of metabolic waste D. Elimination of foreign substances C. Decreased blood pressure - ANSWERSThe nurse plans to closely monitor for which clinical manifestation after administering furosemide [Lasix]? A. Decreased pulse B. Decreased temperature C. Decreased blood pressure D. Decreased respiratory rate D. Hold the Lasix and notify the physician. - ANSWERSThe nurse caring for a patient taking furosemide [Lasix] is reviewing the patient's most recent laboratory results, which are: sodium, 136 mEq/L; potassium, 3.2 mEq/L; chloride, 100 mEq/L; blood urea nitrogen, 15 mg/dL. What is the nurse's best action? A. Administer Lasix as ordered. B. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor. C. Begin a 24-hour urine collection D. Hold the Lasix and notify the physician. A. Digoxin toxicity - ANSWERSThe nurse should monitor for which adverse effect after administering hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] and digoxin [Lanoxin] to a patient? A. Digoxin toxicity B. Decreased diuretic effect C. Dehydration D. Heart failure C. Spironolactone [Aldactone] - ANSWERSThe nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who needs a diuretic. Which agent is likely to be chosen, because it has been shown to greatly reduce mortality in patients with heart failure? A. Furosemide [Lasix] B. Hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] C. Spironolactone [Aldactone] D. Mannitol [Osmitrol] C. "I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities." - ANSWERSThe nurse is teaching a patient who has a new prescription for spironolactone [Aldactone]. Which statement by the patient indicates that the teaching was effective? A. "I will use salt substitutes to lower my sodium intake." B. "I will increase my intake of foods that are high in potassium." C. "I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities." D. "I will take this medication at bedtime each evening." C. 2 mL - ANSWERSThe healthcare provider orders furosemide [Lasix] 20 mg IV twice daily. The medication available is furosemide [Lasix] 10 mg/mL. How many mL will the nurse administer with each dose? A. 0.5 mL B. 1 mL C. 2 mL D. 4 mL A. Hypertension - ANSWERSThe nurse is reviewing the home medication list with the patient. The nurse recognizes that hydrochlorothiazide is used primarily for which condition? A. Hypertension B. Edema C. Diabetes insipidus D. Protection against postmenopausal osteoporosis C. 3 gm - ANSWERSThe healthcare provider orders mannitol 72 gm infusion over 24 hours. The nurse plans to set the infusion pump for how many grams per hour? A. 1 gm B. 2 gm C. 3 gm D. 4 gm A. Mannitol cannot be given orally. B. Mannitol can cause edema. D. Diuresis begins in 30 to 60 minutes after administration. - ANSWERSWhich of the following statements about mannitol [Osmitrol] are correct? (Select all that apply.) A. Mannitol cannot be given orally. B. Mannitol can cause edema. C. Mannitol can cause renal failure. D. Diuresis begins in 30 to 60 minutes after administration. E. Mannitol is a loop diuretic. B. Angiotensin II - ANSWERSThe renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure. Which compound in this system is most powerful at raising the blood pressure? A. Angiotensin I B. Angiotensin II C. Angiotensin III D Renin C. Serum creatinine level of 2.3 mg/dL - ANSWERSThe nurse is caring for a patient with renal artery stenosis who has been prescribed benazepril [Lotensin]. Which laboratory result indicates an adverse effect of this drug? A. Potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L B. Blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL C. Serum creatinine level of 2.3 mg/dL D. Uric acid level of 10 mg/dL B. Lithium level - ANSWERSThe nurse is caring for a patient with bipolar disorder treated with lithium [Eskalith]. The patient has a new prescription for captopril [Capoten] for hypertension. The combination of these two drugs makes which assessment particularly important? A. Potassium level B. Lithium level C. Creatinine level D. Blood pressure D. Candesartan [Atacand] - ANSWERSA patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of hypertension. The nurse understands that which medication works by preventing angiotensin II from binding with its receptor sites? A. Quinapril [Accupril] B. Aliskiren [Tekturna] C. Eplerenone [Inspra] D. Candesartan [Atacand] A. Monitor blood pressure. - ANSWERSThe nurse has just administered the initial dose of enalapril [Vasotec] to a newly admitted patient with hypertension. What is the priority nursing intervention over the next several hours? A. Monitor blood pressure. B. Check the heart rate. C. Auscultate lung sounds. D. Draw a potassium level. C. "I will use a salt substitute to lower my sodium intake." - ANSWERSThe nurse is evaluating the teaching done with a patient who has a new prescription for fosinopril [Monopril]. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I can take this medicine with breakfast each morning." B. "I will call if I notice a rash or wheals on my skin." C. "I will use a salt substitute to lower my sodium intake." D. "I will call if I develop a bothersome cough."