FIS 335 - FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY WVU FINAL EXAM
WITH ALL CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS|2025
LATEST VERSION|ALREADY GRADED A+
What does shutter priority mode mean? Correct answer-The photographer controls the shutter
speed and ISO and the camera controls the aperture
What does aperture priority mode mean? Correct answer-The photographer controls the aperture
and ISO and the camera controls the shutter speed
When going from f/8 --> f/11, what happens? Correct answer--DOF increases
-Lower amount of light
-narrower DOF
APS-C camera Correct answer--normal focal length: 35mm
-decreasing focal length increases angle of view
-increasing focal length decreases angle of view
18mm = wide-angle lens; elongate
100mm = long lens; compression
Full Frame camera Correct answer--normal focal length: 50mm
-decreasing focal length increases angle of view
-increasing focal length decreases angle of view
You have a full frame camera at 100mm but want the same AOV as the crop sensor camera.
100/1.5=66mm
crop sensor ratio = 1.5
Filter colors Correct answer-blue - orange
violet - yellow
red - green
clear/UV - yellow
What is the purpose of sync speed? Correct answer-this is the flash firing when the shutter is
completely open
Methods to photograph dim-lit scenes Correct answer--timed exposure
-painting with light
-aperture priority mode
Matrix vs. spot mode Correct answer-Matrix: average of entire scene
Spot: focus point on evidence and a circle around it
How does a faster shutter speed relate to distance of the curtains opening/closing? Correct
answer-A faster shutter speed, the closer the curtains open
Types of lighting:
Direct Correct answer--one or more lights positioned at 45-degree angles that provide lighting
directly to the subject/evidence
-General evidence where size and shape are important
,Types of lighting:
Oblique Correct answer--used a low-angle illumination of the subject/evidence
-position the light boo source to skim across the surface to highlight the raised areas
-assists in showing detail on the surface of the subject/evidence by creating shadows
impression evidence such as tool marks, fingerprints, footwear and indented writing
Types of lighting:
Bounce lighting Correct answer--uses light that has been bounced off a surface (generally
white/neutral, but doesn't have to be)
The bounce produces a softer light that helps reduce shadows and provide even non-glare lighting
with low contrast
-subjects/evidence that are concave or convex
Types of lighting:
Diffused Correct answer--Uses an item placed between the light source and the subject/evidence
to soften the light and produce even illumination
-helps to reduce hot spots and glare
-shiny or reflective subjects/evidence
Types of lighting:
Transmitted lighting Correct answer--uses light that illuminated the subject/evidence from behind
and is directed through the subject/evidence
-provides a shadow-free background
-transparent or translucent subjects/evidence such as fingerprints on a glass; watermarks on paper
Types of lighting:
Axial lighting Correct answer--uses a light source at 90-degrees from the axis of the lens with the
subject/evidence located directly under the lens. A piece of glass is then positioned at a 45-degree
angle in the axis of the lens
-some light does go through the glass, but some also are reflected straight down onto the
subject/evidence
-subjects/evidence located on mirrors or inside hollow cavities or curved items such as cups
Types of lighting:
Direct reflective Correct answer--light is reflected directly off the subject/evidence at a 20-degree
angle (10 between the subject and lens, 10 between light source and subject)
-creates very high contrast that may produce hot spots and/or cause the subject to lose detail
-minimizing shadows formed within the subject
Types of lighting:
Tint lighting Correct answer--subject/evidence is surrounded by a cone-shaped tint using white
paper, frosted acetate or some other translucent material. Light source is directed at the tint from
one or both sides
-assists in reducing shadows
-shiny and reflective surfaces
Factors that affect DOF Correct answer-F/stop
-Maximize DOF by using narrower apertures (8, 11, 16 and 22 are most recommended)
Focal Length
-wide-angle lenses produce smaller lens openings which produce a wider depth of field
-the same f/stop value will result in different lens apertures/opening with different focal lengths
, Camera-to-subject distance
-large f/stop values do not work for close-up photographs
-as you get closer to the subject, the DOF collapses
**Use hyperfocal focus when infinity is in the background**
Neutral density and polarizer filters Correct answer-ND
-blocks some of the light coming into the lens; sunglasses
-can block 1 (0.3/2x), 2 (0.6/4x) or 3 (0.9/8x) stops of light
-does not affect colors of the scene
-help remove moving cars since they blocks up to three stops of lighting, letting shutter speed be
slowed down by three stops
Polarizer
-eliminates reflections from windows and water and eliminates glare that may hide actual colors
present at the scene (effective on non-metallic surfaces and mirrors)
-uniformly reduces light coming in through the lens
-degree of rotation eliminates the light from 1.3 to 2 stops
-made up of two parts and has filter threads so the filter can be rotated
-can improve the color in photographs (color saturation)
-can remove glare from pavement so skid marks can become present and more obvious
greyscale/dynamic range Correct answer-High dynamic range: digital sensor has the inherent
ability to properly expose items within wide extremes of light
-does not use both ambient light and light output from flash
White balance and pre-sets Correct answer--eliminates issues with color casts
-deals with color temperature of light source
-shade/cloudy/twilight=blue tint
-sunrise/sunset=orange/red
-tungsten=yellow/amber
-fluorescent=green/amber
-outdoor=yellow/orange for midday, blue for lack of sunlight/overcast
**White balance settings always add the OPPOSITE of what the tint is**
Bit depth Correct answer--refers to the number of unique colors or shades (for greyscale) in an
image
higher bit depth = more shades/colors
-Bayer filter: sits on top of the digital sensor in the Nikon D7500 and many other DSLRs to assist in
calculating color information from the scene
-each pixel is assigned to a color shade based on the bit depth and the color value given by the color-
filter array
Focal Length and Flash Zoom Correct answer-FL
-composing each shot with a different focal length lens will require the photographer to stand at
different differences, and will have a slight variation in view
-distance in mm between the optical center of a lens and the sensor when the camera is focused on
infinity
-when focused on infinity, the lens will be the most compact (18mm is Nikon)
-Telephoto lenses: 60-1200mm focal length
FZ
-flash tube provides the light; reflectors help reflect light
-how disperse or narrow the light coming out of the flash head is
WITH ALL CORRECT & VERIFIED ANSWERS|2025
LATEST VERSION|ALREADY GRADED A+
What does shutter priority mode mean? Correct answer-The photographer controls the shutter
speed and ISO and the camera controls the aperture
What does aperture priority mode mean? Correct answer-The photographer controls the aperture
and ISO and the camera controls the shutter speed
When going from f/8 --> f/11, what happens? Correct answer--DOF increases
-Lower amount of light
-narrower DOF
APS-C camera Correct answer--normal focal length: 35mm
-decreasing focal length increases angle of view
-increasing focal length decreases angle of view
18mm = wide-angle lens; elongate
100mm = long lens; compression
Full Frame camera Correct answer--normal focal length: 50mm
-decreasing focal length increases angle of view
-increasing focal length decreases angle of view
You have a full frame camera at 100mm but want the same AOV as the crop sensor camera.
100/1.5=66mm
crop sensor ratio = 1.5
Filter colors Correct answer-blue - orange
violet - yellow
red - green
clear/UV - yellow
What is the purpose of sync speed? Correct answer-this is the flash firing when the shutter is
completely open
Methods to photograph dim-lit scenes Correct answer--timed exposure
-painting with light
-aperture priority mode
Matrix vs. spot mode Correct answer-Matrix: average of entire scene
Spot: focus point on evidence and a circle around it
How does a faster shutter speed relate to distance of the curtains opening/closing? Correct
answer-A faster shutter speed, the closer the curtains open
Types of lighting:
Direct Correct answer--one or more lights positioned at 45-degree angles that provide lighting
directly to the subject/evidence
-General evidence where size and shape are important
,Types of lighting:
Oblique Correct answer--used a low-angle illumination of the subject/evidence
-position the light boo source to skim across the surface to highlight the raised areas
-assists in showing detail on the surface of the subject/evidence by creating shadows
impression evidence such as tool marks, fingerprints, footwear and indented writing
Types of lighting:
Bounce lighting Correct answer--uses light that has been bounced off a surface (generally
white/neutral, but doesn't have to be)
The bounce produces a softer light that helps reduce shadows and provide even non-glare lighting
with low contrast
-subjects/evidence that are concave or convex
Types of lighting:
Diffused Correct answer--Uses an item placed between the light source and the subject/evidence
to soften the light and produce even illumination
-helps to reduce hot spots and glare
-shiny or reflective subjects/evidence
Types of lighting:
Transmitted lighting Correct answer--uses light that illuminated the subject/evidence from behind
and is directed through the subject/evidence
-provides a shadow-free background
-transparent or translucent subjects/evidence such as fingerprints on a glass; watermarks on paper
Types of lighting:
Axial lighting Correct answer--uses a light source at 90-degrees from the axis of the lens with the
subject/evidence located directly under the lens. A piece of glass is then positioned at a 45-degree
angle in the axis of the lens
-some light does go through the glass, but some also are reflected straight down onto the
subject/evidence
-subjects/evidence located on mirrors or inside hollow cavities or curved items such as cups
Types of lighting:
Direct reflective Correct answer--light is reflected directly off the subject/evidence at a 20-degree
angle (10 between the subject and lens, 10 between light source and subject)
-creates very high contrast that may produce hot spots and/or cause the subject to lose detail
-minimizing shadows formed within the subject
Types of lighting:
Tint lighting Correct answer--subject/evidence is surrounded by a cone-shaped tint using white
paper, frosted acetate or some other translucent material. Light source is directed at the tint from
one or both sides
-assists in reducing shadows
-shiny and reflective surfaces
Factors that affect DOF Correct answer-F/stop
-Maximize DOF by using narrower apertures (8, 11, 16 and 22 are most recommended)
Focal Length
-wide-angle lenses produce smaller lens openings which produce a wider depth of field
-the same f/stop value will result in different lens apertures/opening with different focal lengths
, Camera-to-subject distance
-large f/stop values do not work for close-up photographs
-as you get closer to the subject, the DOF collapses
**Use hyperfocal focus when infinity is in the background**
Neutral density and polarizer filters Correct answer-ND
-blocks some of the light coming into the lens; sunglasses
-can block 1 (0.3/2x), 2 (0.6/4x) or 3 (0.9/8x) stops of light
-does not affect colors of the scene
-help remove moving cars since they blocks up to three stops of lighting, letting shutter speed be
slowed down by three stops
Polarizer
-eliminates reflections from windows and water and eliminates glare that may hide actual colors
present at the scene (effective on non-metallic surfaces and mirrors)
-uniformly reduces light coming in through the lens
-degree of rotation eliminates the light from 1.3 to 2 stops
-made up of two parts and has filter threads so the filter can be rotated
-can improve the color in photographs (color saturation)
-can remove glare from pavement so skid marks can become present and more obvious
greyscale/dynamic range Correct answer-High dynamic range: digital sensor has the inherent
ability to properly expose items within wide extremes of light
-does not use both ambient light and light output from flash
White balance and pre-sets Correct answer--eliminates issues with color casts
-deals with color temperature of light source
-shade/cloudy/twilight=blue tint
-sunrise/sunset=orange/red
-tungsten=yellow/amber
-fluorescent=green/amber
-outdoor=yellow/orange for midday, blue for lack of sunlight/overcast
**White balance settings always add the OPPOSITE of what the tint is**
Bit depth Correct answer--refers to the number of unique colors or shades (for greyscale) in an
image
higher bit depth = more shades/colors
-Bayer filter: sits on top of the digital sensor in the Nikon D7500 and many other DSLRs to assist in
calculating color information from the scene
-each pixel is assigned to a color shade based on the bit depth and the color value given by the color-
filter array
Focal Length and Flash Zoom Correct answer-FL
-composing each shot with a different focal length lens will require the photographer to stand at
different differences, and will have a slight variation in view
-distance in mm between the optical center of a lens and the sensor when the camera is focused on
infinity
-when focused on infinity, the lens will be the most compact (18mm is Nikon)
-Telephoto lenses: 60-1200mm focal length
FZ
-flash tube provides the light; reflectors help reflect light
-how disperse or narrow the light coming out of the flash head is
