REVIEW EXAM (HESI CAT)MOCK TEST
PAPERS WITH ALL ACCURATE
ANSWERS.
A nurse is counseling the spouse of a client who has a history of alcohol abuse. What does the
nurse explain is the main reason for drinking alcohol in people with a long history of alcohol
abuse?
1
They are dependent on it.
2
They lack the motivation to stop.
3
They use it for coping.
4
They enjoy the associated socialization. - Answer 1
Alcohol causes both physical and psychological dependence; the individual needs the alcohol to
function. Alcoholism is a disorder that entails physical and psychological dependence. Because
alcohol is so physiologically addictive, the client's body craves the alcohol, so most clients lack
the motivation to stop because they will go into withdrawal. Clients who abuse alcohol have
numbed their ability to utilize other coping mechanisms, so alcohol is used as an excuse for
coping. People with alcoholism usually drink alone or feel alone in a crowd; socialization is not
the prime reason for their drinking.
How do adolescents establish family identity during psychosocial development? Select all that
apply.
1
By acting independently to make his or her own decisions
2
By evaluating his or her own health with a feeling of well-being
3
By fostering his or her own development within a balanced family structure
4
By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society
5
,well-being. By building close peer relationships, an adolescent develops a sense of belonging,
approval, and the opportunity to learn acceptable behavior. These actions establish an
adolescent's group identity. The sound and healthy growth of the adolescent, with marked
physical changes, helps to build an adolescent's sexual identity.
A clinic nurse observes a 2-year-old client sitting alone, rocking and staring at a small, shiny top
that she is spinning. Later the father relates his concerns, stating, "She pushes me away. She
doesn't speak, and she only shows feelings when I take her top away. Is it something I've done?"
What is the most therapeutic initial response by the nurse?
1
Asking the father about his relationship with his wife
2
Asking the father how he held the child when she was an infant
3
Telling the father that it is nothing he has done and sharing the nurse's observations of the child
4
Telling the father not to be concerned and stressing that the child will outgrow this
developmental phase - Answer 3
The nurse provides support in a nonjudgmental way by sharing information and observations
about the child. This child exhibits symptoms of autism, which is not attributable to the actions
of the parents. Asking the father about his relationship with his wife or how he held the child
when she was an infant indirectly indicates that the parent may be at fault; it negates the
father's need for support and increases his sense of guilt. Telling the father not to be concerned
and stressing that the child will outgrow this developmental phase is false reassurance that
does not provide support; the father recognizes that something is wrong.
What is most appropriate for a nurse to say when interviewing a newly admitted depressed
client whose thoughts are focused on feelings of worthlessness and failure?
1
"Tell me how you feel about yourself."
2
"Tell me what has been bothering you."
3
"Why do you feel so bad about yourself?"
4
"What can we do to help you while you're here?" - Answer 1
,to external events but instead to a client's psychobiology. Asking why does not let a client
explore feelings; it usually elicits an "I don't know" response. "What can we do to help you while
you're here?" is beyond the scope of the client's abilities at this time.
A client is admitted to the mental health unit with the diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
Which statement alerts the nurse to the possibility of a suicide attempt?
1
"I don't feel too good today."
2
"I feel much better; today is a lovely day."
3
"I feel a little better, but it probably won't last."
4
"I'm really tired today, so I'll take things a little slower." - Answer 2
A rapid mood upswing and psychomotor change may signal that the client has made a decision
and has developed a plan for suicide. "I don't feel too good today"; "I feel a little better, but it
probably won't last"; and "I'm really tired today, so I'll take things a little slower" are all typical
of the depressed client; none of these statements signals a change in mood.
During a group discussion it is learned that a group member hid suicidal urges and committed
suicide several days ago. What should the nurse leading the group be prepared to manage?
1
Guilt of the co-leaders for failing to anticipate and prevent the suicide
2
Guilt of group members because they could not prevent another's suicide
3
Lack of concern over the suicide expressed by several of the members in the group
4
Fear by some members that their own suicidal urges may go unnoticed and that they may go
unprotected - Answer 4
Ambivalence about life and death, plus the introspection commonly found in clients with
emotional problems, can lead to increased anxiety and fear among the group members. These
feelings must be handled within the support and supervisory systems for the staff; the group
members are the primary concern. Guilt that the group's leaders or members might feel
because they could not prevent another's suicide will probably be a secondary concern of the
, 1
Electroencephalogram reports
2
Radiographs of the hand and wrist
3
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
4
Denver Developmental Screening Test - Answer 2
Skeletal growth in a child can be determined from the ossification centers. At 5 to 6 months of
age, the capitate and hamate bones in the wrist are the earliest centers. Therefore radiographs
of the hand and wrist will help determine skeletal growth in the child. Electroencephalogram
reports will help assess a child's brain activity. MRI is used to scan the internal structures of a
client. The Denver Developmental Screening Test is used to understand developmental issues of
a child.
A client describes his delusions in minute detail to the nurse. How should the nurse respond?
1
Changing the topic to reality-based events
2
Continuing to discuss the delusion with the client
3
Getting the client involved in a social project with peers
4
Disputing the perceptions with the use of logical thinking - Answer 1
Decreasing time spent on delusions prevents reinforcement of psychotic thinking. Discussing
reality-based events improves contact with reality. Encouraging discussion will give validity to
the delusion. The client will have difficulty getting involved in a social activity; the activity will
not stop the delusion. Challenging the client may increase anxiety.
A nurse working on a mental health unit is caring for several clients who are at risk for suicide.
Which client is at the greatest risk for successful suicide?
1
Young adult who is acutely psychotic
2
PAPERS WITH ALL ACCURATE
ANSWERS.
A nurse is counseling the spouse of a client who has a history of alcohol abuse. What does the
nurse explain is the main reason for drinking alcohol in people with a long history of alcohol
abuse?
1
They are dependent on it.
2
They lack the motivation to stop.
3
They use it for coping.
4
They enjoy the associated socialization. - Answer 1
Alcohol causes both physical and psychological dependence; the individual needs the alcohol to
function. Alcoholism is a disorder that entails physical and psychological dependence. Because
alcohol is so physiologically addictive, the client's body craves the alcohol, so most clients lack
the motivation to stop because they will go into withdrawal. Clients who abuse alcohol have
numbed their ability to utilize other coping mechanisms, so alcohol is used as an excuse for
coping. People with alcoholism usually drink alone or feel alone in a crowd; socialization is not
the prime reason for their drinking.
How do adolescents establish family identity during psychosocial development? Select all that
apply.
1
By acting independently to make his or her own decisions
2
By evaluating his or her own health with a feeling of well-being
3
By fostering his or her own development within a balanced family structure
4
By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society
5
,well-being. By building close peer relationships, an adolescent develops a sense of belonging,
approval, and the opportunity to learn acceptable behavior. These actions establish an
adolescent's group identity. The sound and healthy growth of the adolescent, with marked
physical changes, helps to build an adolescent's sexual identity.
A clinic nurse observes a 2-year-old client sitting alone, rocking and staring at a small, shiny top
that she is spinning. Later the father relates his concerns, stating, "She pushes me away. She
doesn't speak, and she only shows feelings when I take her top away. Is it something I've done?"
What is the most therapeutic initial response by the nurse?
1
Asking the father about his relationship with his wife
2
Asking the father how he held the child when she was an infant
3
Telling the father that it is nothing he has done and sharing the nurse's observations of the child
4
Telling the father not to be concerned and stressing that the child will outgrow this
developmental phase - Answer 3
The nurse provides support in a nonjudgmental way by sharing information and observations
about the child. This child exhibits symptoms of autism, which is not attributable to the actions
of the parents. Asking the father about his relationship with his wife or how he held the child
when she was an infant indirectly indicates that the parent may be at fault; it negates the
father's need for support and increases his sense of guilt. Telling the father not to be concerned
and stressing that the child will outgrow this developmental phase is false reassurance that
does not provide support; the father recognizes that something is wrong.
What is most appropriate for a nurse to say when interviewing a newly admitted depressed
client whose thoughts are focused on feelings of worthlessness and failure?
1
"Tell me how you feel about yourself."
2
"Tell me what has been bothering you."
3
"Why do you feel so bad about yourself?"
4
"What can we do to help you while you're here?" - Answer 1
,to external events but instead to a client's psychobiology. Asking why does not let a client
explore feelings; it usually elicits an "I don't know" response. "What can we do to help you while
you're here?" is beyond the scope of the client's abilities at this time.
A client is admitted to the mental health unit with the diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
Which statement alerts the nurse to the possibility of a suicide attempt?
1
"I don't feel too good today."
2
"I feel much better; today is a lovely day."
3
"I feel a little better, but it probably won't last."
4
"I'm really tired today, so I'll take things a little slower." - Answer 2
A rapid mood upswing and psychomotor change may signal that the client has made a decision
and has developed a plan for suicide. "I don't feel too good today"; "I feel a little better, but it
probably won't last"; and "I'm really tired today, so I'll take things a little slower" are all typical
of the depressed client; none of these statements signals a change in mood.
During a group discussion it is learned that a group member hid suicidal urges and committed
suicide several days ago. What should the nurse leading the group be prepared to manage?
1
Guilt of the co-leaders for failing to anticipate and prevent the suicide
2
Guilt of group members because they could not prevent another's suicide
3
Lack of concern over the suicide expressed by several of the members in the group
4
Fear by some members that their own suicidal urges may go unnoticed and that they may go
unprotected - Answer 4
Ambivalence about life and death, plus the introspection commonly found in clients with
emotional problems, can lead to increased anxiety and fear among the group members. These
feelings must be handled within the support and supervisory systems for the staff; the group
members are the primary concern. Guilt that the group's leaders or members might feel
because they could not prevent another's suicide will probably be a secondary concern of the
, 1
Electroencephalogram reports
2
Radiographs of the hand and wrist
3
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
4
Denver Developmental Screening Test - Answer 2
Skeletal growth in a child can be determined from the ossification centers. At 5 to 6 months of
age, the capitate and hamate bones in the wrist are the earliest centers. Therefore radiographs
of the hand and wrist will help determine skeletal growth in the child. Electroencephalogram
reports will help assess a child's brain activity. MRI is used to scan the internal structures of a
client. The Denver Developmental Screening Test is used to understand developmental issues of
a child.
A client describes his delusions in minute detail to the nurse. How should the nurse respond?
1
Changing the topic to reality-based events
2
Continuing to discuss the delusion with the client
3
Getting the client involved in a social project with peers
4
Disputing the perceptions with the use of logical thinking - Answer 1
Decreasing time spent on delusions prevents reinforcement of psychotic thinking. Discussing
reality-based events improves contact with reality. Encouraging discussion will give validity to
the delusion. The client will have difficulty getting involved in a social activity; the activity will
not stop the delusion. Challenging the client may increase anxiety.
A nurse working on a mental health unit is caring for several clients who are at risk for suicide.
Which client is at the greatest risk for successful suicide?
1
Young adult who is acutely psychotic
2
