WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
PATHO OA STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2025-
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100 %
PASS SOLUTION A+ GRADE
The Space between the lung and membrane is called?
A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Larynx
D. Pleural Cavity - answer>>Pleural Cavity
Pleural effusion caused by increased hydrostatic pressure is called what?
A. Exudative
B. Pheumonic
C. Transudative
D. Oxidative - answer>>Transudative
Which of the following is NOT an Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)?
A. Rhinitis
B. Laryngitis
C. Pneumonia
D. Tracheitis
E. Sinusitis - answer>>Pneumonia
Overdistention of alveoli resulting in the ability to remove CO2 is called?
A. Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C.Asthma
D. Pulmonary Embolism - answer>>Emphysema
Name two biomarkers that can be used to confirm a myocardial infaction occured and what
,types of molecules are they? - answer>>Two diagnostic markers of myocardial infarction are
creatine phosphokinas MB and cardiac troponin.
These are proteins found in heart muscle that are released into the bloodstream when the heart
is damaged
Of the types of dysrythmia presented, which can lead to death within 48hrs and explain why this
can result in death? - answer>>Ventricular fibrillation can lead to death Nin N48 Nhours Nif Nnot
,treated. NInstead Nof Npumping Nproperly, Nthe Nheart Nrhythm Ndegenerates Ninto Na Nquivering Nof Nthe
Nventricle, Nresulting Nin Nlack Nof Nblood Nflow.
What Nare Nsome Ndistinguishing Ncharacteristics Nof Npericarditis Nand Nendocarditis?
Match Nthe Nfollowing N(select Neither Npericarditis Nor Nendocarditis Nas Nthe Ncorrect Nanswer):
1) Pericarditis Nor Nendocarditis N- Nprosthetic Nvalves Nand Npacemakers Nare Nrisk Nfactors.
2) Pericarditis Nor Nendocarditis N- Na Ncondition Ncalled Ncardiac Ntamponade Ncan Nresult Nif Nhigh
Nlevels Nof Nfluid Naccumulate Nand Ncompress Nthe Nheart.
3) Pericarditis Nor Nendocarditis N- Ncommonly Noccurs Nafter Nmyocardial Ninfarction. N* N-
Nanswer>>Endocarditis Nis Noften Ncaused Nby Ninfection Nof Nthe Nendocardium Nof Nthe Nheart,
Nwhile Npericarditis Nis Ncaused Nby Ninflammation Nof Nthe Npericardium, Noften Ndue Nto Nmyocardial
Ninfarction.
Matching:
1) Endocarditis N- Nprosthetic Nvalves Nand Npacemakers Nare Nrisk Nfactors.
2) Pericarditis N- Na Ncondition Ncalled Ncardiac Ntamponade Ncan Nresult Nif Nhigh Nlevels Nof Nfluid
accumulate Nand Ncompress Nthe Nheart.
N
3) Pericarditis N- Ncommonly Noccurs Nafter Nmyocardial Ninfarction.
Does Nleft Nventricular Nfailure N(LVF) Nexhibit Nbackward Neffects, Nforward Neffects, Nor Nboth?
Briefly Nexplain Nwhat Nhappens N- Nanswer>>LVF Noccurs Nwhen Nthe Nweakened Nleft Nventricle Ncan
Nnot Npump Nblood Nforward Ninto Nthe Naorta Nand Nblood Nflow Ninto Nthe Naorta Nis Ndecreased.
This Ncauses Nbackwards Neffects, Nin Nthat Nhydrostatic Npressure Nbuilds Nup Nin Nthe Nleft Natrium,
Npulmonary Nveins, Nand Npulmonary Ncapillaries.
The Nbuild Nup Nof Npressure Ncauses Npulmonary Nedema. NLVF Ncauses Nforward Neffects Nin Nthat Nthe
Ndecrease Nof Nsystemic Narterial Npressure Nleads Nto Na Nsense Nof Nlow Nblood Npressure, Ndecrease
Ncirculation Nto Nthe Nkidneys, Nand Ndecreased Ncirculation Nto Nthe Nbrain
Name Nthe Ntwo Ntypes Nof Nheart Nmurmurs Nand Nbriefly Ndescribe Ncharacteristics Nof Neach.
Dysfunctional Nheart Nvalves Ncan Nbe Nstenotic Nor Nregurgitant. NWhat Ndo Nthese Nterms Nmean? N-
Nanswer>>Heart Nmurmurs Ncan Nbe Nphysiological Nor Npathological. NThis Nmeans Nthey Ncan Ninnocent
Nor Ncause Nby Nabnormalities Nof Nthe Nheart, Nrespectively.
, A Nstenotic Nheart Nvalve Nis Nnarrowed Nso Nit Ndoesn't Nallow Nblood Nto Nflow Nfreely Nacross Nit, Nwhile Na
Nregurgitant Nvalve Ndoes Nnot Nclose Nproperly, Nwhich Nallows Nleakage Nof Nblood Nacross Nit.
How Ndoes Nmalignant Nhypertension Ndiffer Nfrom Nbenign Nhypertension?
Name Na Nfew Ntarget Norgans Nthat Ncan Nbe Ndamaged. NIs Nhypertension Never Nconsidered Ntruly Nbenign?
Explain Nwhy Nor Nwhy Nnot. N- Nanswer>>Malignant Nhypertension Nis Nhigh Nblood Npressure Nthat Nhas
Nresulted Nin Nmultiple Ncomplications.
While Nbenign Nhypertension Nis Nhigh Nblood Npressure Nwithout Nevidence Nof Nend Ntarget Norgan Ndamage.
Hypertension Nis Nnever Ntruly Nbenign, Nin Nthat Nit Ncauses Ndamage Nto Nthe Nendothelium Nthat Nmay Nnot
Nbe Nevident Nfor Nyears.
What Nare Nthe Nfour Nmain Nfunctions Nof Nthe NLymphatic NSystem? N- Nanswer>>Lymphatic Nsystem Ncan
Nbe Nthought Nof Nthe Nhighway Nsystem.
The Nmain Nfunctions Nare Nto Nprotect Nthe Nbody Nfrom Nforeign Ninvaders, Nmaintain Nthe Nbody Nfluid
Nlevels Nby Nreturning Nleaked Nfluid Nfrom Nbloodstream Nback Nto Nthe Nblood, Nabsorb Nfats Nfrom Nthe
Ndigestive Nsystem Nand Nto Nremove Ncellular Nwaste.
Name N5 Nof Nthe N10 Nmain Nparts Nof Nthe NLymphatic NSystem N- Nanswer>>• NLymph:
• Lymph Nnodes:
• Lymphatic Nvessels
• Collecting Nducts:
• Spleen:
• Thymus:
• Tonsils Nand Nadenoid:
• Bone Nmarrow: N.
• Peyer's Npatches:
• Appendix
What Nis NLymph? N- Nanswer>>Is Nalso Nknown Nas Nlymphatic Nfluid.
It Ncontains Nproteins, Nminerals, Nfats, Nnutrients, Ndamaged Ncells, Ncancer Ncells Nand Nforeign
Ninvaders Nsuch Nas Nbacteria, Nviruses Netc.
Lymph Ntransports Ninfection-fighting NWBCs.
PATHO OA STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2025-
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100 %
PASS SOLUTION A+ GRADE
The Space between the lung and membrane is called?
A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Larynx
D. Pleural Cavity - answer>>Pleural Cavity
Pleural effusion caused by increased hydrostatic pressure is called what?
A. Exudative
B. Pheumonic
C. Transudative
D. Oxidative - answer>>Transudative
Which of the following is NOT an Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)?
A. Rhinitis
B. Laryngitis
C. Pneumonia
D. Tracheitis
E. Sinusitis - answer>>Pneumonia
Overdistention of alveoli resulting in the ability to remove CO2 is called?
A. Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C.Asthma
D. Pulmonary Embolism - answer>>Emphysema
Name two biomarkers that can be used to confirm a myocardial infaction occured and what
,types of molecules are they? - answer>>Two diagnostic markers of myocardial infarction are
creatine phosphokinas MB and cardiac troponin.
These are proteins found in heart muscle that are released into the bloodstream when the heart
is damaged
Of the types of dysrythmia presented, which can lead to death within 48hrs and explain why this
can result in death? - answer>>Ventricular fibrillation can lead to death Nin N48 Nhours Nif Nnot
,treated. NInstead Nof Npumping Nproperly, Nthe Nheart Nrhythm Ndegenerates Ninto Na Nquivering Nof Nthe
Nventricle, Nresulting Nin Nlack Nof Nblood Nflow.
What Nare Nsome Ndistinguishing Ncharacteristics Nof Npericarditis Nand Nendocarditis?
Match Nthe Nfollowing N(select Neither Npericarditis Nor Nendocarditis Nas Nthe Ncorrect Nanswer):
1) Pericarditis Nor Nendocarditis N- Nprosthetic Nvalves Nand Npacemakers Nare Nrisk Nfactors.
2) Pericarditis Nor Nendocarditis N- Na Ncondition Ncalled Ncardiac Ntamponade Ncan Nresult Nif Nhigh
Nlevels Nof Nfluid Naccumulate Nand Ncompress Nthe Nheart.
3) Pericarditis Nor Nendocarditis N- Ncommonly Noccurs Nafter Nmyocardial Ninfarction. N* N-
Nanswer>>Endocarditis Nis Noften Ncaused Nby Ninfection Nof Nthe Nendocardium Nof Nthe Nheart,
Nwhile Npericarditis Nis Ncaused Nby Ninflammation Nof Nthe Npericardium, Noften Ndue Nto Nmyocardial
Ninfarction.
Matching:
1) Endocarditis N- Nprosthetic Nvalves Nand Npacemakers Nare Nrisk Nfactors.
2) Pericarditis N- Na Ncondition Ncalled Ncardiac Ntamponade Ncan Nresult Nif Nhigh Nlevels Nof Nfluid
accumulate Nand Ncompress Nthe Nheart.
N
3) Pericarditis N- Ncommonly Noccurs Nafter Nmyocardial Ninfarction.
Does Nleft Nventricular Nfailure N(LVF) Nexhibit Nbackward Neffects, Nforward Neffects, Nor Nboth?
Briefly Nexplain Nwhat Nhappens N- Nanswer>>LVF Noccurs Nwhen Nthe Nweakened Nleft Nventricle Ncan
Nnot Npump Nblood Nforward Ninto Nthe Naorta Nand Nblood Nflow Ninto Nthe Naorta Nis Ndecreased.
This Ncauses Nbackwards Neffects, Nin Nthat Nhydrostatic Npressure Nbuilds Nup Nin Nthe Nleft Natrium,
Npulmonary Nveins, Nand Npulmonary Ncapillaries.
The Nbuild Nup Nof Npressure Ncauses Npulmonary Nedema. NLVF Ncauses Nforward Neffects Nin Nthat Nthe
Ndecrease Nof Nsystemic Narterial Npressure Nleads Nto Na Nsense Nof Nlow Nblood Npressure, Ndecrease
Ncirculation Nto Nthe Nkidneys, Nand Ndecreased Ncirculation Nto Nthe Nbrain
Name Nthe Ntwo Ntypes Nof Nheart Nmurmurs Nand Nbriefly Ndescribe Ncharacteristics Nof Neach.
Dysfunctional Nheart Nvalves Ncan Nbe Nstenotic Nor Nregurgitant. NWhat Ndo Nthese Nterms Nmean? N-
Nanswer>>Heart Nmurmurs Ncan Nbe Nphysiological Nor Npathological. NThis Nmeans Nthey Ncan Ninnocent
Nor Ncause Nby Nabnormalities Nof Nthe Nheart, Nrespectively.
, A Nstenotic Nheart Nvalve Nis Nnarrowed Nso Nit Ndoesn't Nallow Nblood Nto Nflow Nfreely Nacross Nit, Nwhile Na
Nregurgitant Nvalve Ndoes Nnot Nclose Nproperly, Nwhich Nallows Nleakage Nof Nblood Nacross Nit.
How Ndoes Nmalignant Nhypertension Ndiffer Nfrom Nbenign Nhypertension?
Name Na Nfew Ntarget Norgans Nthat Ncan Nbe Ndamaged. NIs Nhypertension Never Nconsidered Ntruly Nbenign?
Explain Nwhy Nor Nwhy Nnot. N- Nanswer>>Malignant Nhypertension Nis Nhigh Nblood Npressure Nthat Nhas
Nresulted Nin Nmultiple Ncomplications.
While Nbenign Nhypertension Nis Nhigh Nblood Npressure Nwithout Nevidence Nof Nend Ntarget Norgan Ndamage.
Hypertension Nis Nnever Ntruly Nbenign, Nin Nthat Nit Ncauses Ndamage Nto Nthe Nendothelium Nthat Nmay Nnot
Nbe Nevident Nfor Nyears.
What Nare Nthe Nfour Nmain Nfunctions Nof Nthe NLymphatic NSystem? N- Nanswer>>Lymphatic Nsystem Ncan
Nbe Nthought Nof Nthe Nhighway Nsystem.
The Nmain Nfunctions Nare Nto Nprotect Nthe Nbody Nfrom Nforeign Ninvaders, Nmaintain Nthe Nbody Nfluid
Nlevels Nby Nreturning Nleaked Nfluid Nfrom Nbloodstream Nback Nto Nthe Nblood, Nabsorb Nfats Nfrom Nthe
Ndigestive Nsystem Nand Nto Nremove Ncellular Nwaste.
Name N5 Nof Nthe N10 Nmain Nparts Nof Nthe NLymphatic NSystem N- Nanswer>>• NLymph:
• Lymph Nnodes:
• Lymphatic Nvessels
• Collecting Nducts:
• Spleen:
• Thymus:
• Tonsils Nand Nadenoid:
• Bone Nmarrow: N.
• Peyer's Npatches:
• Appendix
What Nis NLymph? N- Nanswer>>Is Nalso Nknown Nas Nlymphatic Nfluid.
It Ncontains Nproteins, Nminerals, Nfats, Nnutrients, Ndamaged Ncells, Ncancer Ncells Nand Nforeign
Ninvaders Nsuch Nas Nbacteria, Nviruses Netc.
Lymph Ntransports Ninfection-fighting NWBCs.
