ATI URINARY ELIMINATION Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam 200 Questions and Verified
Correct Answers JUST RELEASED
A client with nephrotic syndrome asks the nurse, "Why should I even bother trying to
control my diet and the edema? It doesn't really matter what I do if I can never get rid of
this kidney problem, anyway!" The nurse selects which of the following as the most
appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?
a) anxiety
b) powerlessness
c) ineffective coping
d) disturbed body image - ANSWER--B- Powerlessness is present when the client
believes that personal actions will not affect an outcome in any significant way. Because
nephrotic syndrome is progressive, the client may feel that personal actions may not
affect the disease process. Anxiety is diagnosed when the client has a feeling of unease
with a vague or undefined source. Ineffective coping occurs when the client has impaired
adaptive abilities or behaviors with regard to meeting expected demands or roles.
Disturbed body image occurs when there is an alteration in the way that the client
perceives his or her body image.
A client with acute renal failure is having trouble remembering information and
instructions as a result of altered laboratory values. The nurse avoids doing which of the
following when communicating with this client?
a) giving simple, clear directions
b) including the family in discussions related to care
c) explaining treatments using understandable language
d) giving thorough and complete explanations of treatment options - ANSWER--D-
The client with acute renal failure may have difficulty remembering information and
instructions because of anxiety and altered laboratory values. Communications should be
clear, simple, and understandable. The family is included whenever possible. Information
about treatment should be explained using understandable language.
,A client who has never been hospitalized before is having trouble initiating the stream of
urine. Knowing that there is no pathological reason for this difficulty, the nurse avoids
which of the following because it is the least helpful method of assisting the client?
a) running tap water in the sink
b) assisting the client to a commode behind a closed curtain
c) instructing the client to pour warm water over the perineum
d) closing the bathroom door and instructing the client to pull the call bell when
done - ANSWER--B- A lack of privacy is a key issue that may inhibit the ability of the client
to void in the absence of known pathology. Using a commode behind a curtain may
inhibit voiding in some people. The use of a bathroom is preferable, and this may be
supplemented with the use of running water or pouring water over the perineum, as
needed.
The nurse provide home-care instructions to a client who has been hospitalized for a
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Which statement by the client indicates
the need for further instructions?
a) I need to include prune juice in my diet
b) I need to avoid strenuous activity for 4 to 6 weeks
c) I can lift and push objects up to 30 pounds in weight
d) I need to maintain a daily intake of 6 to 8 glasses of water - ANSWER--C- The client
needs to be advised to avoid strenuous activity for 4 to 6 weeks and to avoid lifting items
that weigh more than 20 pounds. Straining during defecation is avoided to prevent
bleeding. Prune juice is a satisfactory bowel stimulant. The client needs to consume a
daily intake of at least 6 to 8 glasses of nonalcoholic fluids to minimize clot formation.
The nurse has given instructions about site care to a hemodialysis client who had an
implantation of arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the right arm. The nurse determines that the
client needs further instructions if the client states the need to:
a) sleep on the right side
b) avoid carrying heavy objects with the right arm
c) perform range-of-motion exercises routinely on the right arm
d) report an increased temperature, redness, or drainage at the site - ANSWER--A-
Routine instructions to the client with an AV fistula, graft, or shunt include reporting signs
and symptoms of infection, performing routine range-of-motion exercises of the affected
,extremity, avoiding sleeping with the body weight on the extremity with the access site,
and avoiding carrying heavy objects or compressing the extremity that has the access site.
The nurse is caring for a client who has just returned to the nursing unit after an
intravenous pyelogram (IVP). The nurse determines that which of the following is the
priority for the postprocedure care of this client?
a) maintaining the client on bedrest
b) ambulating the client in the hallway
c) encouraging the increased intake of oral fluids
d) encouraging the client to try to void frequently - ANSWER--C- After IVP, the client
should take in increased fluids to aid in the clearance of the dye used for the procedure. It
is unnecessary to void frequently after the procedure. The client is usually allowed activity
as tolerated, without any specific activity guidelines.
The nurse is evaluating the effects of care for the client with nephrotic syndrome. The
nurse determines that the client showed the least amount of improvement if which of the
following information was obtained serially over 2 days of care?
a) serum albumin 1.9g/dL, up to 2.0g/dL
b) initial weight 208 pounds, down to 203 pounds
c) blood pressure 160/90mm Hg, down to 130/78mm Hg
d) daily intake and output of 2100 ml intake and 1900 ml output 2000 ml intake and
2900 ml output - ANSWER--A- The goal of therapy in nephrotic syndrome is to heal the
leaking glomerular membrane. This would then control edema by stopping the loss of
protein in the urine. Fluid balance and albumin levels are monitored to determine the
effectiveness of therapy. Option B represents a loss of fluid that slightly exceeds 2 L and
that represents a significant improvement. Option C shows improvement, because both
systolic and diastolic blood pressures are lower. Option D represents a total fluid loss of
700 mL over the 2 days, which
is also helpful. The least amount of improvement is in the serum albumin level, because
the normal albumin level is 3.5 to 5.0 g/dL.
A client is being discharged to home while recovering from acute renal failure (ARF). The
client indicates an understanding of the therapeutic dietary regimen if the client states
the need to eat foods that are lower in:
a) fats
, b) vitamins
c) potassium
d) carbohydrates - ANSWER--C
- Most of the excretion of potassium and the control of potassium balance are normal
functions of the kidneys. In the client with renal failure, potassium intake must be
restricted as much as possible (30 to 50 mEq/day). The primary mechanism of potassium
removal during ARF is dialysis. Options A, B, and D are not normally restricted in the client
with ARF unless a secondary health problem warrants the need to do so.
The nurse is caring for a client who has returned from the postanesthesia care unit after
prostatectomy. The client has a three-way Foley catheter with an infusion of continuous
bladder irrigation (CBI). The nurse determines that the flow rate is adequate if the color of
the urinary drainage is:
a) dark cherry
b) clear as water
c) pale yellow or slightly pink
d) concentrated yellow with small clots - ANSWER--C- The infusion of bladder irrigant
is not at a preset rate; rather, it is increased or decreased to maintain urine that is a clear,
pale yellow color or that has just a slight pink tinge. The infusion rate should be increased
if the drainage is cherry colored or if clots are seen. Alternatively, the rate can be slowed
down slightly if the returns are as clear as water.
A client with chronic renal failure has a protein restriction in the diet. The nurse should
include in a teaching plan to avoid which of the following sources of incomplete protein in
the diet?
a) nuts
b) eggs
c) milk
d) fish - ANSWER--A- The client whose diet has a protein restriction should be careful
to ensure that the proteins eaten are complete proteins with the highest biological value.
Foods such as meat, fish, milk, and eggs are complete proteins, which are optimal for the
client with chronic renal failure.
Accurate Real Exam 200 Questions and Verified
Correct Answers JUST RELEASED
A client with nephrotic syndrome asks the nurse, "Why should I even bother trying to
control my diet and the edema? It doesn't really matter what I do if I can never get rid of
this kidney problem, anyway!" The nurse selects which of the following as the most
appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?
a) anxiety
b) powerlessness
c) ineffective coping
d) disturbed body image - ANSWER--B- Powerlessness is present when the client
believes that personal actions will not affect an outcome in any significant way. Because
nephrotic syndrome is progressive, the client may feel that personal actions may not
affect the disease process. Anxiety is diagnosed when the client has a feeling of unease
with a vague or undefined source. Ineffective coping occurs when the client has impaired
adaptive abilities or behaviors with regard to meeting expected demands or roles.
Disturbed body image occurs when there is an alteration in the way that the client
perceives his or her body image.
A client with acute renal failure is having trouble remembering information and
instructions as a result of altered laboratory values. The nurse avoids doing which of the
following when communicating with this client?
a) giving simple, clear directions
b) including the family in discussions related to care
c) explaining treatments using understandable language
d) giving thorough and complete explanations of treatment options - ANSWER--D-
The client with acute renal failure may have difficulty remembering information and
instructions because of anxiety and altered laboratory values. Communications should be
clear, simple, and understandable. The family is included whenever possible. Information
about treatment should be explained using understandable language.
,A client who has never been hospitalized before is having trouble initiating the stream of
urine. Knowing that there is no pathological reason for this difficulty, the nurse avoids
which of the following because it is the least helpful method of assisting the client?
a) running tap water in the sink
b) assisting the client to a commode behind a closed curtain
c) instructing the client to pour warm water over the perineum
d) closing the bathroom door and instructing the client to pull the call bell when
done - ANSWER--B- A lack of privacy is a key issue that may inhibit the ability of the client
to void in the absence of known pathology. Using a commode behind a curtain may
inhibit voiding in some people. The use of a bathroom is preferable, and this may be
supplemented with the use of running water or pouring water over the perineum, as
needed.
The nurse provide home-care instructions to a client who has been hospitalized for a
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Which statement by the client indicates
the need for further instructions?
a) I need to include prune juice in my diet
b) I need to avoid strenuous activity for 4 to 6 weeks
c) I can lift and push objects up to 30 pounds in weight
d) I need to maintain a daily intake of 6 to 8 glasses of water - ANSWER--C- The client
needs to be advised to avoid strenuous activity for 4 to 6 weeks and to avoid lifting items
that weigh more than 20 pounds. Straining during defecation is avoided to prevent
bleeding. Prune juice is a satisfactory bowel stimulant. The client needs to consume a
daily intake of at least 6 to 8 glasses of nonalcoholic fluids to minimize clot formation.
The nurse has given instructions about site care to a hemodialysis client who had an
implantation of arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the right arm. The nurse determines that the
client needs further instructions if the client states the need to:
a) sleep on the right side
b) avoid carrying heavy objects with the right arm
c) perform range-of-motion exercises routinely on the right arm
d) report an increased temperature, redness, or drainage at the site - ANSWER--A-
Routine instructions to the client with an AV fistula, graft, or shunt include reporting signs
and symptoms of infection, performing routine range-of-motion exercises of the affected
,extremity, avoiding sleeping with the body weight on the extremity with the access site,
and avoiding carrying heavy objects or compressing the extremity that has the access site.
The nurse is caring for a client who has just returned to the nursing unit after an
intravenous pyelogram (IVP). The nurse determines that which of the following is the
priority for the postprocedure care of this client?
a) maintaining the client on bedrest
b) ambulating the client in the hallway
c) encouraging the increased intake of oral fluids
d) encouraging the client to try to void frequently - ANSWER--C- After IVP, the client
should take in increased fluids to aid in the clearance of the dye used for the procedure. It
is unnecessary to void frequently after the procedure. The client is usually allowed activity
as tolerated, without any specific activity guidelines.
The nurse is evaluating the effects of care for the client with nephrotic syndrome. The
nurse determines that the client showed the least amount of improvement if which of the
following information was obtained serially over 2 days of care?
a) serum albumin 1.9g/dL, up to 2.0g/dL
b) initial weight 208 pounds, down to 203 pounds
c) blood pressure 160/90mm Hg, down to 130/78mm Hg
d) daily intake and output of 2100 ml intake and 1900 ml output 2000 ml intake and
2900 ml output - ANSWER--A- The goal of therapy in nephrotic syndrome is to heal the
leaking glomerular membrane. This would then control edema by stopping the loss of
protein in the urine. Fluid balance and albumin levels are monitored to determine the
effectiveness of therapy. Option B represents a loss of fluid that slightly exceeds 2 L and
that represents a significant improvement. Option C shows improvement, because both
systolic and diastolic blood pressures are lower. Option D represents a total fluid loss of
700 mL over the 2 days, which
is also helpful. The least amount of improvement is in the serum albumin level, because
the normal albumin level is 3.5 to 5.0 g/dL.
A client is being discharged to home while recovering from acute renal failure (ARF). The
client indicates an understanding of the therapeutic dietary regimen if the client states
the need to eat foods that are lower in:
a) fats
, b) vitamins
c) potassium
d) carbohydrates - ANSWER--C
- Most of the excretion of potassium and the control of potassium balance are normal
functions of the kidneys. In the client with renal failure, potassium intake must be
restricted as much as possible (30 to 50 mEq/day). The primary mechanism of potassium
removal during ARF is dialysis. Options A, B, and D are not normally restricted in the client
with ARF unless a secondary health problem warrants the need to do so.
The nurse is caring for a client who has returned from the postanesthesia care unit after
prostatectomy. The client has a three-way Foley catheter with an infusion of continuous
bladder irrigation (CBI). The nurse determines that the flow rate is adequate if the color of
the urinary drainage is:
a) dark cherry
b) clear as water
c) pale yellow or slightly pink
d) concentrated yellow with small clots - ANSWER--C- The infusion of bladder irrigant
is not at a preset rate; rather, it is increased or decreased to maintain urine that is a clear,
pale yellow color or that has just a slight pink tinge. The infusion rate should be increased
if the drainage is cherry colored or if clots are seen. Alternatively, the rate can be slowed
down slightly if the returns are as clear as water.
A client with chronic renal failure has a protein restriction in the diet. The nurse should
include in a teaching plan to avoid which of the following sources of incomplete protein in
the diet?
a) nuts
b) eggs
c) milk
d) fish - ANSWER--A- The client whose diet has a protein restriction should be careful
to ensure that the proteins eaten are complete proteins with the highest biological value.
Foods such as meat, fish, milk, and eggs are complete proteins, which are optimal for the
client with chronic renal failure.
