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WGU D236 Pathophysiology

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Homeostasis Intracellular Fluid Extracellular Fluid Diffusion Osmosis Filtration process by which organ- isms maintain a relative- ly stable internal environ- ment fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of body weight - mainly in muscle cells fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of bodily fluids - blood vessels - skin tissues - spinal cord Movement of molecules from an area of higher con- centration to an area of lower concentration. movement of fluid from an area of lower solute con- centration to a higher con- centration water and solute move- ment occurs from an area of high hydrostatic pres- Osmolality Hypertonic Hypotonic the number of osmotically active particles per kg of water osmolality greater than 300. osmolality less than 300. - osmotic pressure is more significant in the body - fluids pulled from body into cell An isotonic solution 0.09% normal saline type of cytokine that sig- nals cells to increase anti-viral defenses. - are released by cells that Interferons (IFNs) are infected with a virus, causing other cells to be- come resistant to the virus - play a role in tumor sup- pression Hypervolemia fluid volume overload Edema swelling of soft tissues be- cause of excess fluid accu- mulation Causes of edema include: -Increased hydrostatic (water) pressure - Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema - Renal Failure, Heart Fail- ure - Decreased colloid osmot- ic pressure - low albumin - cirrhosis, starvation - bacteria infections/burns - obstruction of lymphat- ic system (cancer or infec- tion) Symptoms of edema in- clude: - weight gain - hypertension - jugular vein distention - ALOC (altered level of consciousness) - weakness - increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure - Rapid RR (resp rate) - shallow RR - fluid in lungs - diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites - low lab values Hypovolemia fluid volume deficit - vomiting - diarrhea Symptoms of hypovolemia include: diabetes insipidus (DI) - hot body & sweating - fever - heat stroke - thyroid crisis - urination Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) Diuretics Name two diuretics Symptoms of 3 D's in- clude: -primary complication of type 1 diabetes -the body produces ex- cess ketones into the blood -also referred to as dia- betic acidosis or diabetic coma medications that reduce fluid volume in the body - increase urine output furosemide, Hy- drochlorothiazide - weight loss - water loss - low BP - decreased CVP (

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