Starting from page 18 - chapter 2 Henry II and the Angevin empire
● 1087 - William the Conqueror died.
● He had 3 children. Robert (eldest) → became DofNormandy, William (eldest)
because William II of England, youngest Henry got nothing.
● 1100 - William II died, Henry became king.
● 1106 - defeated older brother as well and became duke of Normandy.
● Ruled peacefully for 20 years.
● Wanted his daughter Matilda to be the next on the throne.
● Married her to a powerful french lord (Geoffrey)
● However, Stephen, Henry’s nephew, stole the throne.
● Lots of Battles took place between Matilda and Stephen.
● Finally, Matilda’s son will be the next king.
● Matilda’s son: King Henry II.
● Inherited Normandy from mother, other land in France from his father Geoffrey of
Anjou.
● 1152 : married a french duchess (Eleanor of Aquitaine), gained even more territory.
● Bullied his way of controlling other lands.
● Married his son to a French duchess so he could acquire Brittany.
● He also wanted to invade ireland.
● Helped irish leader ‘strongbow’ but he seized the land for themselves when Dermot
(leader) died in 1171.
● Henry II recognised himself as the ‘overlord’ in Ireland.
● .France was not a united country. Although Henry had taken over lots of land in
France, mainland France was still throned to King Louis VII.
● They had rivalry.
King John and his rule
● He was a bad king.
● Brother of Richard I.
● King Philip II of france campaigned against John.
● 1204 - John’s army defeated in Brittany.
● Lost normandy, anjou and maine and other areas.
● Known as ‘John Softsword’.
● English barons decided to take action against king, as he was raising taxes.
● They gave John a choice to either change his ruling and go up against the French
army that was heading towards London.
● Singed Magna Carta → promised to respect the rights of church, barons and stop
unfair taxing.
The Hundred Years war
● King Edward III claimed the throne of France as he was indirectly linked to the throne
of France. (mother was daughter of king)
● One of the few reasons of how this battle started.
● Another few were that : tensing up relationships, France wanted to take over England
wine trade (Bordeaux - a part of Gascony - ruled by english) → England made wine
their and sold it for lots of money→ France threatened to steal that
● Sold wool and france wasn't willing to put tax on it.
, ● The war was distinguished into 3 different parts. (war-truce-war-truce-end)
● 1st stage - 1337-1360 Edward III, won battles at Crecy (1346), and Poitiers (1356)
● Calais in English hands for the next 200 years.
● Second stage - 1370, french won back some of the lands that they lost.
● Final stage : 1413, Henry V → won Normandy and northern France at the BATTLE
OF AGINCOURT
● Joan of Arc : 17 year old peasant girl lead french to victory
● English lost all its territory.
IMPACT OF THE 100 YEARS WAR.
● Battle of Agincourt (25th Oct 1415) : Henry V.
● Henry V became king of England in 1413.
● He made it his mission to win back the land in France that was lost by the British.
● He captured Harfleur, a port in Normandy, soon after his arrival, however many of his
men had caught a disease hence they marched the army back to Calais to meet the
english ships which would take them back
● The French wouldn’t let him go that easily.
● Battle of Agincourt, was a success for the British although they had a weakened
army, the French army was trapped in British tactics and highly advanced weaponry,
and the weather was bad (thick mud) which wouldn't allow them to fight properly
causing the French to surrender.
● The French lost between 7000 and 10,000 men at battle.
The legacy
● Impact on France and England
- Lots of land was seized but then taken back by the country it actually
belonged to.
- Lots of ordinary men died fighting in the battles
- Many English deaths were from disease rather than war.
● The cost of the war
- Taxes were expensive, they had to pay for war.
- England lost wealthy French regions like Normandy and Aquitaine.
- English men - stole goods from France.
- Bodiam Castle made from proceeds made from war.
● The military impact
- The Hundred Years war marked the end of fighting on horse backs and as
part of the cavalry, and brought a new beginning to the power of missile fire,
handguns and bows and arrows
● French unity
- Before, France had been a collection of multiple different territories, with
different kingdoms such as Gascony, Aquitaine and Brittany separating them
all.
- Due to wars, the leaders of all these territories (or most of them were killed).
- Hence the king of France emerged more powerful than ever as he was the
central leader of all.
- People began to respect him much more
● 1087 - William the Conqueror died.
● He had 3 children. Robert (eldest) → became DofNormandy, William (eldest)
because William II of England, youngest Henry got nothing.
● 1100 - William II died, Henry became king.
● 1106 - defeated older brother as well and became duke of Normandy.
● Ruled peacefully for 20 years.
● Wanted his daughter Matilda to be the next on the throne.
● Married her to a powerful french lord (Geoffrey)
● However, Stephen, Henry’s nephew, stole the throne.
● Lots of Battles took place between Matilda and Stephen.
● Finally, Matilda’s son will be the next king.
● Matilda’s son: King Henry II.
● Inherited Normandy from mother, other land in France from his father Geoffrey of
Anjou.
● 1152 : married a french duchess (Eleanor of Aquitaine), gained even more territory.
● Bullied his way of controlling other lands.
● Married his son to a French duchess so he could acquire Brittany.
● He also wanted to invade ireland.
● Helped irish leader ‘strongbow’ but he seized the land for themselves when Dermot
(leader) died in 1171.
● Henry II recognised himself as the ‘overlord’ in Ireland.
● .France was not a united country. Although Henry had taken over lots of land in
France, mainland France was still throned to King Louis VII.
● They had rivalry.
King John and his rule
● He was a bad king.
● Brother of Richard I.
● King Philip II of france campaigned against John.
● 1204 - John’s army defeated in Brittany.
● Lost normandy, anjou and maine and other areas.
● Known as ‘John Softsword’.
● English barons decided to take action against king, as he was raising taxes.
● They gave John a choice to either change his ruling and go up against the French
army that was heading towards London.
● Singed Magna Carta → promised to respect the rights of church, barons and stop
unfair taxing.
The Hundred Years war
● King Edward III claimed the throne of France as he was indirectly linked to the throne
of France. (mother was daughter of king)
● One of the few reasons of how this battle started.
● Another few were that : tensing up relationships, France wanted to take over England
wine trade (Bordeaux - a part of Gascony - ruled by english) → England made wine
their and sold it for lots of money→ France threatened to steal that
● Sold wool and france wasn't willing to put tax on it.
, ● The war was distinguished into 3 different parts. (war-truce-war-truce-end)
● 1st stage - 1337-1360 Edward III, won battles at Crecy (1346), and Poitiers (1356)
● Calais in English hands for the next 200 years.
● Second stage - 1370, french won back some of the lands that they lost.
● Final stage : 1413, Henry V → won Normandy and northern France at the BATTLE
OF AGINCOURT
● Joan of Arc : 17 year old peasant girl lead french to victory
● English lost all its territory.
IMPACT OF THE 100 YEARS WAR.
● Battle of Agincourt (25th Oct 1415) : Henry V.
● Henry V became king of England in 1413.
● He made it his mission to win back the land in France that was lost by the British.
● He captured Harfleur, a port in Normandy, soon after his arrival, however many of his
men had caught a disease hence they marched the army back to Calais to meet the
english ships which would take them back
● The French wouldn’t let him go that easily.
● Battle of Agincourt, was a success for the British although they had a weakened
army, the French army was trapped in British tactics and highly advanced weaponry,
and the weather was bad (thick mud) which wouldn't allow them to fight properly
causing the French to surrender.
● The French lost between 7000 and 10,000 men at battle.
The legacy
● Impact on France and England
- Lots of land was seized but then taken back by the country it actually
belonged to.
- Lots of ordinary men died fighting in the battles
- Many English deaths were from disease rather than war.
● The cost of the war
- Taxes were expensive, they had to pay for war.
- England lost wealthy French regions like Normandy and Aquitaine.
- English men - stole goods from France.
- Bodiam Castle made from proceeds made from war.
● The military impact
- The Hundred Years war marked the end of fighting on horse backs and as
part of the cavalry, and brought a new beginning to the power of missile fire,
handguns and bows and arrows
● French unity
- Before, France had been a collection of multiple different territories, with
different kingdoms such as Gascony, Aquitaine and Brittany separating them
all.
- Due to wars, the leaders of all these territories (or most of them were killed).
- Hence the king of France emerged more powerful than ever as he was the
central leader of all.
- People began to respect him much more
