Hazards aqa a level geography paper 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
UPDATED AND SOLVED.
Explain adaptation as a response to volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔adaptation in response to
volcanic hazards can be demonstrated through using area surrounding volcanoes for farming and crops.
this is because the soil is extremely fertile. an example could be in iceland?
Explain common economic impacts volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Volcanic hazard can
damage infrastructure. This can lead to high repair and reconstruction costs. Another economic impacts
is ash clouds which can disrupt air travel creating economic losses for airlines and tourism. Governments
may face huge costs for emergency responses and rebuilding. Farms and businesses may have to close
or be destroyed which can reduce employment leading to incomes reducing.
Explain common political impacts of volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Governments may face
criticism for poor disaster response or lack of preparation- this could lead to political unrest. Authorities
may have to declare state of emergency- governance and stability affected. Large scale impacts may
require international aid, affecting foreign relations. The cost of recovery may shift government
spending policies impacting long term policies.
Explain common secondary impacts of seismic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Fires can be triggered
by damaged gas lines or electrical faults, causing further destruction and hindering rescue efforts.
Economic disruption occurs as businesses close, supply chains are disrupted, and recovery costs
increase. Disease outbreaks can result from contaminated water supplies and poor sanitation after the
destruction of infrastructure. Social instability may arise as communities face long-term displacement,
resource shortages, and the strain on emergency services.
Explain common secondary impacts of volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Lahars are
unconsolidated ash from recent eruptions combined with water in hot dense mudflows. Another
secondary impact is flooding. When volcanoes erupt near glaciers and ice, it melts them, this can result
in serious flooding as large volumes of water is released. Acid rain is further impact. When volcanic
gases are emitted, they can combine with atmospheric moisture and therefore it results in acid rain.
Tsunamis can be another impact of volcanic hazards as large sea waves can be generated from violent
volcanic eruptions.
,Explain how climate can create conditions for intense wildfires - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔the main way
the climate can create conditions for intense wildfires is a reduction in precipitation. this means that the
vegetation is dry and therefore is more susceptible to ignition.
Explain long term impacts of volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Long term impacts include
rebuilding homes and infrastructure. Long term health problems may occur due to prolonged exposure
to ash and contaminated water. Positive long term impacts are fertile soils, increasing agriculture.
Economic recovery can take years with businesses closing and losing income affecting communities
Explain magnitude and frequency of volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔There is an inverse
relationship between magnitude and frequency of volcanoes. High magnitude volcanoes are more
explosive and happen less frequently. This is becuase they require longer periods of time for enough
pressure and magma to build up. Low magnitude eruptions are more frequent. This is becuase less
magma is needed for these eruptions and therefore pressure builds up quicker.
Explain mitigation as a response to tropical storm hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Mitigation refers to
actions taken to reduce long term impacts of hazardous events such as tropical storms. One response
could be design improvements such as storm resistant roofs and elevated buildings to reduce flood
damage. Part of that could be retrofitting and ensuring that structures are wind resistant and up to date
with the latest building codes and regulations. Another response could be land use planning to reduce
the vulnerability and ensuring that areas prone to damages and flooding aren't resided on. A further
response could be constructing sea walls and levees to protect coastal areas from storm surges.
Explain plate tectonic theory - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔This is the idea that originally there was one
continent (Pangea). This has been proved both geologically through South America and west Africa
fitting together and biologically through identical plant fossils being found in India and Antarctica. Due
to convection currents, these plates move relative to one another. When the plates sit along a
constructive boundary, they pull apart forming oceans and landforms. Alternatively, plates can sit along
a destructive boundary and therefore push together leading to land being pushed up forming
mountains.
Explain political impacts of seismic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Government response to seismic
hazards may be criticized if the response is slow or inefficient, leading to loss of public trust. Political
instability can arise if there is a lack of resources or unequal distribution of aid, potentially leading to
social unrest. Policy changes may occur as governments implement stricter building regulations or
improve disaster preparedness in response to the earthquake. International relations can be affected as
countries offer or receive foreign aid, which can influence diplomatic relations and strengthen alliances.
, Explain preparedness as a response to a seismic hazard - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Preparedness involves
actions taken before an earthquake to minimize loss of life and property damage. Governments and
local authorities often develop emergency response plans, including evacuation routes and shelters.
Seismic building codes ensure structures can withstand shaking, reducing damage and casualties. Public
education programs teach individuals how to drop, cover, and hold on during an earthquake, enhancing
personal safety.
Explain preparedness as a response to a volcanic hazard - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Volcanoes can be
monitored and therefore, people can be evacuated from danger zones.
Explain preparedness as a response to wildfires - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Public awareness campaigns
teach people how to react when a wildfire occurs. Evacuation plans and drills ensure communities can
respond quickly. Training of emergency services prepares them to act efficiently. Pre-positioning
equipment like water tankers near high-risk areas improves response time.
Explain prevention as a response to a seismic hazard - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Prevention focuses on
reducing the likelihood of seismic hazards occurring, though earthquakes cannot be prevented.
However, some human activities (e.g., mining or large-scale construction) that might induce
earthquakes can be managed through regulation. Controlling deforestation reduces the risk of
landslides, which can be triggered by seismic activity. Research into plate tectonics helps us understand
the locations and risks of potential seismic events, though complete prevention is not possible.
Explain prevention as a response to wildfires - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Banning open fires and fireworks
during dry seasons reduces ignition sources. Strict regulation of land use, including forest access and
activity permits. Surveillance and patrols to deter arson and catch accidental ignitions early. Education
programs raise awareness of behaviours that can start fires.
Explain short term impacts of seismic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Immediate loss of life occurs due
to collapsing buildings, landslides, and other hazards caused by the earthquake. Injury and medical
emergencies lead to pressure on healthcare systems as hospitals and clinics may be damaged or
overwhelmed. Disruption to transport and communication can hinder emergency responses and
prevent people from escaping danger or accessing aid. Damage to basic infrastructure like water,
electricity, and sewage systems can create urgent public health risks and disrupt daily life.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
UPDATED AND SOLVED.
Explain adaptation as a response to volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔adaptation in response to
volcanic hazards can be demonstrated through using area surrounding volcanoes for farming and crops.
this is because the soil is extremely fertile. an example could be in iceland?
Explain common economic impacts volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Volcanic hazard can
damage infrastructure. This can lead to high repair and reconstruction costs. Another economic impacts
is ash clouds which can disrupt air travel creating economic losses for airlines and tourism. Governments
may face huge costs for emergency responses and rebuilding. Farms and businesses may have to close
or be destroyed which can reduce employment leading to incomes reducing.
Explain common political impacts of volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Governments may face
criticism for poor disaster response or lack of preparation- this could lead to political unrest. Authorities
may have to declare state of emergency- governance and stability affected. Large scale impacts may
require international aid, affecting foreign relations. The cost of recovery may shift government
spending policies impacting long term policies.
Explain common secondary impacts of seismic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Fires can be triggered
by damaged gas lines or electrical faults, causing further destruction and hindering rescue efforts.
Economic disruption occurs as businesses close, supply chains are disrupted, and recovery costs
increase. Disease outbreaks can result from contaminated water supplies and poor sanitation after the
destruction of infrastructure. Social instability may arise as communities face long-term displacement,
resource shortages, and the strain on emergency services.
Explain common secondary impacts of volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Lahars are
unconsolidated ash from recent eruptions combined with water in hot dense mudflows. Another
secondary impact is flooding. When volcanoes erupt near glaciers and ice, it melts them, this can result
in serious flooding as large volumes of water is released. Acid rain is further impact. When volcanic
gases are emitted, they can combine with atmospheric moisture and therefore it results in acid rain.
Tsunamis can be another impact of volcanic hazards as large sea waves can be generated from violent
volcanic eruptions.
,Explain how climate can create conditions for intense wildfires - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔the main way
the climate can create conditions for intense wildfires is a reduction in precipitation. this means that the
vegetation is dry and therefore is more susceptible to ignition.
Explain long term impacts of volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Long term impacts include
rebuilding homes and infrastructure. Long term health problems may occur due to prolonged exposure
to ash and contaminated water. Positive long term impacts are fertile soils, increasing agriculture.
Economic recovery can take years with businesses closing and losing income affecting communities
Explain magnitude and frequency of volcanic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔There is an inverse
relationship between magnitude and frequency of volcanoes. High magnitude volcanoes are more
explosive and happen less frequently. This is becuase they require longer periods of time for enough
pressure and magma to build up. Low magnitude eruptions are more frequent. This is becuase less
magma is needed for these eruptions and therefore pressure builds up quicker.
Explain mitigation as a response to tropical storm hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Mitigation refers to
actions taken to reduce long term impacts of hazardous events such as tropical storms. One response
could be design improvements such as storm resistant roofs and elevated buildings to reduce flood
damage. Part of that could be retrofitting and ensuring that structures are wind resistant and up to date
with the latest building codes and regulations. Another response could be land use planning to reduce
the vulnerability and ensuring that areas prone to damages and flooding aren't resided on. A further
response could be constructing sea walls and levees to protect coastal areas from storm surges.
Explain plate tectonic theory - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔This is the idea that originally there was one
continent (Pangea). This has been proved both geologically through South America and west Africa
fitting together and biologically through identical plant fossils being found in India and Antarctica. Due
to convection currents, these plates move relative to one another. When the plates sit along a
constructive boundary, they pull apart forming oceans and landforms. Alternatively, plates can sit along
a destructive boundary and therefore push together leading to land being pushed up forming
mountains.
Explain political impacts of seismic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Government response to seismic
hazards may be criticized if the response is slow or inefficient, leading to loss of public trust. Political
instability can arise if there is a lack of resources or unequal distribution of aid, potentially leading to
social unrest. Policy changes may occur as governments implement stricter building regulations or
improve disaster preparedness in response to the earthquake. International relations can be affected as
countries offer or receive foreign aid, which can influence diplomatic relations and strengthen alliances.
, Explain preparedness as a response to a seismic hazard - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Preparedness involves
actions taken before an earthquake to minimize loss of life and property damage. Governments and
local authorities often develop emergency response plans, including evacuation routes and shelters.
Seismic building codes ensure structures can withstand shaking, reducing damage and casualties. Public
education programs teach individuals how to drop, cover, and hold on during an earthquake, enhancing
personal safety.
Explain preparedness as a response to a volcanic hazard - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Volcanoes can be
monitored and therefore, people can be evacuated from danger zones.
Explain preparedness as a response to wildfires - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Public awareness campaigns
teach people how to react when a wildfire occurs. Evacuation plans and drills ensure communities can
respond quickly. Training of emergency services prepares them to act efficiently. Pre-positioning
equipment like water tankers near high-risk areas improves response time.
Explain prevention as a response to a seismic hazard - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Prevention focuses on
reducing the likelihood of seismic hazards occurring, though earthquakes cannot be prevented.
However, some human activities (e.g., mining or large-scale construction) that might induce
earthquakes can be managed through regulation. Controlling deforestation reduces the risk of
landslides, which can be triggered by seismic activity. Research into plate tectonics helps us understand
the locations and risks of potential seismic events, though complete prevention is not possible.
Explain prevention as a response to wildfires - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Banning open fires and fireworks
during dry seasons reduces ignition sources. Strict regulation of land use, including forest access and
activity permits. Surveillance and patrols to deter arson and catch accidental ignitions early. Education
programs raise awareness of behaviours that can start fires.
Explain short term impacts of seismic hazards - CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔Immediate loss of life occurs due
to collapsing buildings, landslides, and other hazards caused by the earthquake. Injury and medical
emergencies lead to pressure on healthcare systems as hospitals and clinics may be damaged or
overwhelmed. Disruption to transport and communication can hinder emergency responses and
prevent people from escaping danger or accessing aid. Damage to basic infrastructure like water,
electricity, and sewage systems can create urgent public health risks and disrupt daily life.
