Mental Health Nursing
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1. Determinants of Mental Health: - Financial well-being, socio-economic status
and educational status
- Trauma
- Sex and gender
- Age
- Genetics
- Physical health, lifestyle, diet, exercise, smoking, use of substances
- Personality
2. stress-vulnerability model: The theory that a genetic or biological predisposition
to certain mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, mood disorders) exists and that psy-
chological and social factors can increase the likelihood of symptomatic episodes.
3. Mental Health Drug Classes: - Antipsychotics (neuroleptics)
- Antidepressants
- Mood stabilisers
- Anxiolytics
4. Factors that determine response to drug: - Pharmacokinetics (how they are
absorbed and metabolised).
- Environmental influences (diet, smoking, other drugs involved).
- Pharmacogenomics (genetic factors influencing drug effects).
5. Antipsychotic medications: Treat psychotic symptoms (not its underlying caus-
es): predominately the positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, thought disor-
der).
Work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine antagonists.
6. Typical antipsychotics vs atypical antipsychotics: Typical antipsychotic med-
ications are the older, first-generation drugs. They antagonise dopamine receptors
and can help manage the positive symptoms of psychosis, but not the negative.
Atypical antipsychotic medications are newer and can help manage both the positive
, Mental Health Nursing
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and negative symptoms associated with psychosis.
Typical antipsychotics
Older 'first generation' antipsychotic drugs.
They have an affinity with D1 and D2 receptors.
Helps reduce positive symptoms of psychosis but has lots of neurological side
effects.
Side effects are mostly extrapyramidal
Atypical antipsychotics
More recently developed antipsychotic drugs.
High affinity with D2 & 5-HT receptors
Similar efficacy to typical antipsychotics but with better side effect profile.
Side effects are mostly anticholinergic or metabolic
7. Administration of antipsychotics: - Tablets
- Syrups
- IMI fast-acting
- IMI slow-release
8. Antipsychotic side effects: - Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs)
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
9. Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs): The extrapyramidal system is involved in
motor coordination and movement. Symptoms arise when there are disturbances to
this symptom.
- More common with typical antipsychotics
- Primarily consist of four primary dimensions:
1. Parkinsonian symptoms
2. Akathisia
3. Acute dystonia
4. Tardive dyskinesia
10. EPSE: parkinsonism: Rigidity, mask like face, shuffling gait, tremor at rest,
difficulty speaking or swallowing.
Resolved with anticholinergic or
antiparkinsonian drugs or possibly a change in medication.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bjnpay
1. Determinants of Mental Health: - Financial well-being, socio-economic status
and educational status
- Trauma
- Sex and gender
- Age
- Genetics
- Physical health, lifestyle, diet, exercise, smoking, use of substances
- Personality
2. stress-vulnerability model: The theory that a genetic or biological predisposition
to certain mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, mood disorders) exists and that psy-
chological and social factors can increase the likelihood of symptomatic episodes.
3. Mental Health Drug Classes: - Antipsychotics (neuroleptics)
- Antidepressants
- Mood stabilisers
- Anxiolytics
4. Factors that determine response to drug: - Pharmacokinetics (how they are
absorbed and metabolised).
- Environmental influences (diet, smoking, other drugs involved).
- Pharmacogenomics (genetic factors influencing drug effects).
5. Antipsychotic medications: Treat psychotic symptoms (not its underlying caus-
es): predominately the positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, thought disor-
der).
Work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine antagonists.
6. Typical antipsychotics vs atypical antipsychotics: Typical antipsychotic med-
ications are the older, first-generation drugs. They antagonise dopamine receptors
and can help manage the positive symptoms of psychosis, but not the negative.
Atypical antipsychotic medications are newer and can help manage both the positive
, Mental Health Nursing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bjnpay
and negative symptoms associated with psychosis.
Typical antipsychotics
Older 'first generation' antipsychotic drugs.
They have an affinity with D1 and D2 receptors.
Helps reduce positive symptoms of psychosis but has lots of neurological side
effects.
Side effects are mostly extrapyramidal
Atypical antipsychotics
More recently developed antipsychotic drugs.
High affinity with D2 & 5-HT receptors
Similar efficacy to typical antipsychotics but with better side effect profile.
Side effects are mostly anticholinergic or metabolic
7. Administration of antipsychotics: - Tablets
- Syrups
- IMI fast-acting
- IMI slow-release
8. Antipsychotic side effects: - Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs)
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
9. Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs): The extrapyramidal system is involved in
motor coordination and movement. Symptoms arise when there are disturbances to
this symptom.
- More common with typical antipsychotics
- Primarily consist of four primary dimensions:
1. Parkinsonian symptoms
2. Akathisia
3. Acute dystonia
4. Tardive dyskinesia
10. EPSE: parkinsonism: Rigidity, mask like face, shuffling gait, tremor at rest,
difficulty speaking or swallowing.
Resolved with anticholinergic or
antiparkinsonian drugs or possibly a change in medication.
