Pharmacọtherapeụtics fọr Advanced Nụrsing
Practice
1st Editiọn Demler
By
Tammie Demler and Jacqụeline Rhọads
,Contents
📓Chapter 1: Antihistamine Agents - Test Bank...................................................................... 3
📓Chapter 2: Anti-infective Agents - Test Bank .................................................................... 10
📓Chapter 3: Antineoplastic Agents - Test Bank ................................................................... 16
📓Chapter 4: Autonomic Agents - Test Bank ......................................................................... 23
📓Chapter 5: Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis Agents - Test Bank .......... 30
📓Chapter 6: Cardiovascular Agents - Test Bank ................................................................. 37
📓Chapter 7: Central Nervous System Agents – Test Bank.................................................. 49
📓Chapter 8: Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance Agents – Test Bank ...................... 60
📓Chapter 9: Respiratory Tract Agents – Test Bank ............................................................ 70
📓Chapter 10: Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Preparations – Test Bank ................................ 80
📓Chapter 11: Gastrointestinal Agents – Test Bank.............................................................. 90
📓Chapter 12: Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes – Test Bank ...................................... 101
📓Chapter 13: Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents – Test Bank...................................... 111
📓Chapter 14: Smooth Muscle Relaxants – Test Bank........................................................ 122
,📓Chapter 1: Antihistamine Agents - Test Bank
1. Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of
action of antihistamines in allergic reactions?
a) Inhibition of histamine release from mast cells
b) Competitive inhibition of histamine at H1 receptors
c) Activation of histamine receptors to induce vasodilation
d) Direct suppression of T-cell activity
✅ Correct Answer: b) Competitive inhibition of histamine at H1 receptors
🔍Rationale: Antihistamines exert their effects by binding to histamine H1
receptors, preventing histamine from activating these receptors. This leads to
a reduction in allergic symptoms such as itching, swelling, and vasodilation.
2. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of first-generation
antihistamines?
a) Insomnia
b) Sedation
c) Hypotension
d) Tachycardia
✅ Correct Answer: b) Sedation
🔍Rationale: First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine,
cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to H1 receptors in the central nervous
system, causing sedation. This is a well-known side effect of these agents.
3. Which of the following antihistamines is most likely to cause sedation?
a) Loratadine
b) Cetirizine
c) Fexofenadine
d) Diphenhydramine
, ✅ Correct Answer: d) Diphenhydramine
🔍Rationale: Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine known for
its sedative properties due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In
contrast, loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine are second-generation
antihistamines with reduced sedative effects.
4. A patient presents with severe allergic rhinitis. Which of the following
antihistamines would be most appropriate for long-term use due to its
minimal sedative effects?
a) Diphenhydramine
b) Chlorpheniramine
c) Loratadine
d) Promethazine
✅ Correct Answer: c) Loratadine
🔍Rationale: Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine that has
minimal sedative effects, making it suitable for long-term use in conditions
like allergic rhinitis. It is less likely to cross the blood-brain barrier compared
to first-generation antihistamines.
5. A patient is prescribed an antihistamine for seasonal allergies. They
are also on a medication for hypertension. Which of the following side
effects should the nurse monitor for?
a) Severe hypotension
b) Tachycardia
c) Increased drowsiness
d) Decreased renal function
✅ Correct Answer: c) Increased drowsiness
🔍Rationale: Antihistamines, especially first-generation agents, can increase
drowsiness. When combined with medications for hypertension, this sedative
effect can be amplified. Nurses should monitor for excessive sedation,
especially in elderly patients or those on multiple medications.
Practice
1st Editiọn Demler
By
Tammie Demler and Jacqụeline Rhọads
,Contents
📓Chapter 1: Antihistamine Agents - Test Bank...................................................................... 3
📓Chapter 2: Anti-infective Agents - Test Bank .................................................................... 10
📓Chapter 3: Antineoplastic Agents - Test Bank ................................................................... 16
📓Chapter 4: Autonomic Agents - Test Bank ......................................................................... 23
📓Chapter 5: Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis Agents - Test Bank .......... 30
📓Chapter 6: Cardiovascular Agents - Test Bank ................................................................. 37
📓Chapter 7: Central Nervous System Agents – Test Bank.................................................. 49
📓Chapter 8: Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance Agents – Test Bank ...................... 60
📓Chapter 9: Respiratory Tract Agents – Test Bank ............................................................ 70
📓Chapter 10: Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Preparations – Test Bank ................................ 80
📓Chapter 11: Gastrointestinal Agents – Test Bank.............................................................. 90
📓Chapter 12: Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes – Test Bank ...................................... 101
📓Chapter 13: Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents – Test Bank...................................... 111
📓Chapter 14: Smooth Muscle Relaxants – Test Bank........................................................ 122
,📓Chapter 1: Antihistamine Agents - Test Bank
1. Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of
action of antihistamines in allergic reactions?
a) Inhibition of histamine release from mast cells
b) Competitive inhibition of histamine at H1 receptors
c) Activation of histamine receptors to induce vasodilation
d) Direct suppression of T-cell activity
✅ Correct Answer: b) Competitive inhibition of histamine at H1 receptors
🔍Rationale: Antihistamines exert their effects by binding to histamine H1
receptors, preventing histamine from activating these receptors. This leads to
a reduction in allergic symptoms such as itching, swelling, and vasodilation.
2. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of first-generation
antihistamines?
a) Insomnia
b) Sedation
c) Hypotension
d) Tachycardia
✅ Correct Answer: b) Sedation
🔍Rationale: First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine,
cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to H1 receptors in the central nervous
system, causing sedation. This is a well-known side effect of these agents.
3. Which of the following antihistamines is most likely to cause sedation?
a) Loratadine
b) Cetirizine
c) Fexofenadine
d) Diphenhydramine
, ✅ Correct Answer: d) Diphenhydramine
🔍Rationale: Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine known for
its sedative properties due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In
contrast, loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine are second-generation
antihistamines with reduced sedative effects.
4. A patient presents with severe allergic rhinitis. Which of the following
antihistamines would be most appropriate for long-term use due to its
minimal sedative effects?
a) Diphenhydramine
b) Chlorpheniramine
c) Loratadine
d) Promethazine
✅ Correct Answer: c) Loratadine
🔍Rationale: Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine that has
minimal sedative effects, making it suitable for long-term use in conditions
like allergic rhinitis. It is less likely to cross the blood-brain barrier compared
to first-generation antihistamines.
5. A patient is prescribed an antihistamine for seasonal allergies. They
are also on a medication for hypertension. Which of the following side
effects should the nurse monitor for?
a) Severe hypotension
b) Tachycardia
c) Increased drowsiness
d) Decreased renal function
✅ Correct Answer: c) Increased drowsiness
🔍Rationale: Antihistamines, especially first-generation agents, can increase
drowsiness. When combined with medications for hypertension, this sedative
effect can be amplified. Nurses should monitor for excessive sedation,
especially in elderly patients or those on multiple medications.
