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Samenvatting - Composieten

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June 11, 2025
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Samenvatting composieten


H1: Materiaalopbouw en samenstelling van vezelversterkte composieten

Composiet

- Materiaal met 2 of meer te onderscheiden fases
o Beide fasen verschillen in chemische samenstelling
▪ Voorwaarde is dat beide fasen onoplosbaar zijn tov elkaar
o Matrix: materiaal/ binder dat alles samenhoud
o Een of meer versterkingen
- Soorten
o Natuurlijk composiet
▪ Been, bamboe, hout
o Technisch composiet
▪ Het beoogde ontwerp van een combinatie van materialen

Matrix

- Continue fase
- Aaneenhangend die de andere verspreide fasen omringt en positioneert
- Carries the load and distributes it over all reinforcements, bindings (interfaces) and
matrix material

Versterking

- Verspreide fase
- Materiaal dat in de matrix verdeeld wordt
- Reinforcing material that can take a major part of the load in a particular direction

Eigenschappen composiet afh van

- Relatieve verhouding van beide fasen
o Matrix en versterkings volume fractie
- Geometrie van verspreide fasen
o Vorm en grootte van versterking
o Verspreiding
o Orientatie
- Eigenschappen vezel
- Eigenschappen hars
- Hechting tussen matrix en versterking

Classificatie van composieten

- Fiber-reinforced
o One material forms the outer matrix and transfers any loads applied to the
stronger, more brittle fibres
- Particulate
o Contains large numbers of coarse particles, to reinforce the matrix
- Laminair
o Made by altering the layering of diffirent materials, fixed together with adhesive

, - Hybrid
o Composed of other composite materials
o Ex. Rebar-reinforced concrete

Materiaalopbouw van een vezelversterkte kunststof

- Vezels
o Vb. Glass fibre, carbon fibre
- Matrix
o Vb. Polyester resin, epoxy resin, themoplastic

Laminaat (laagjes)

- Unidirectioneel laminaat
o High strength properties in the direction of the fibres
o Any number of layers until the required thickness
- Multidirectioneel laminaat
o High strength properties in several directions
o Any number of layers until the required thickness

Fibre volume fraction (FVF)

- Index i, fiber f, matrix m, void v
- Volume fraction: 𝑉i
o 𝑉f + 𝑉m + 𝑉v = 1
- Mass fraction: 𝑀i
o 𝑀f + 𝑀m = 1
- Density
o 𝜌 = 𝜌f ⋅ 𝑉f + 𝜌m ⋅ 𝑉m
- Reccomendations
o Traditional lay-up processes: FVF 30% - void: 3%
o Vacuum Resin Infusion processes: FVF 50%
o Autoclave processing with prepreg: FVF 60-70%

Hechting en interactie tussen matrix en versterking

Vezel-matrix breuk

- Ontstaan van micro-cracks in de vezel of matrix

Belasting in relatie met versterkingen matrix

- Tension
o Tension properties of the fibre
- Compression
o Compression properties of the matrix
o Adhesion between fiber and matrix to avoid buckling
- Shear
o Adhesion between fibre and matrix
o Adhesion between layers (matrix, glue)
o ILSS: Interlaminar Shear Strength
o Shear properties of resin

, - Flexure
o Combination of tension (lower surface), compression (upper surface) and shear
(in the middle)

Matrixmaterialen en harssystemen

- Functies
o Vormvastheid
▪ Houdt de vezels samen
▪ Zorgt voor de nodige vormvastheid
- Belastingsvormen
o Verdeelt de belasting over verschillende
vezels
o Vangt volgende belasting op
▪ Intralaminaire schuifspanning
▪ Drukspanning
▪ Goede hechting
- Bedrijfsomstandigheden
o Temperatuur
o Chemische weerstand
o Abrasieweerstand
o Omgevingsfactoren (vocht, UV, ...)

Verwerking

- Afhankelijk van polymeer
o Thermoharder: verharder
o Thermoplast: verwarmen tot boven 𝑇g of 𝑇m
- Goede dosering is cruciaal
- Verhouding matrix/vezel is belangrijk voor een goede bevochtiging, hechting en sterkte

Typische vereisten van harsmateriaal

- Goede mechanische eigenschappen
- Goede hechting
- Goede slagvastheid/taaiheid
- Goede weerstand tegen omgevingsfactoren
- Goede bevochtiging / lage viscositeit

Hechting

- Noodzakelijk voor
o Goede krachtoverdracht
o Vermijden van scheurvorming
o Vermijden van loskomen van vezel/matrix
- Soorten hechtingen (soort interface)
o Interdiffusion
o Electristatic adhesion
o Chemical bonding
o Mechanical interlocking
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