NU 372 - Exam # 2 – Medications questions
with correct answers
Acetaminophen |- |Indication, |MOA |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Acetaminophen |is |indicated |for |the |
treatment |of |pain |and |fever |associated |with |a |variety |of |conditions, |including |influenza; |for |the |
prophylaxis |of |children |receiving |diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus |immunizations |(aspirin |may |mask |Reye |
syndrome |in |children); |and |for |the |relief |of |musculoskeletal |pain |associated |with |arthritis. |
Acetaminophen |acts |directly |on |the |thermoregulatory |cells |in |the |hypothalamus |to |cause |sweating |
and |vasodilation; |this |in |turn |causes |the |release |of |heat |and |lowers |fever. |The |mechanism |of |action |
related |to |the |analgesic |effects |of |acetaminophen |has |not |been |identified.
Acetaminophen |- |Side |effects |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Rash, |fever, |chest |pain, |liver |toxicity |and |
failure, |bone |marrow |suppression. |Adverse |effects |associated |with |acetaminophen |use |include |
headache, |hemolytic |anemia, |renal |dysfunction, |skin |rash, |and |fever. |Hepatotoxicity |is |a |potentially |
fatal |adverse |effect |that |is |usually |associated |with |chronic |use |and |overdose |and |is |related |to |direct |
toxic |effects |on |the |liver. |The |dose |that |could |prove |toxic |varies |with |the |age |of |the |patient, |other |
drugs |that |the |patient |might |be |taking, |and |the |underlying |hepatic |function |of |that |patient. |When |
overdose |occurs, |acetylcysteine |can |be |used |as |an |antidote. |Life |support |measures |may |also |be |
necessary.
Acetaminophen |- |Nursing |considerations |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Acetaminophen |causes |vasodilation |
and |heat |release, |lowering |fever |and |working |to |relieve |pain |but |does |not |have |anti-inflammatory |
effects. |Use |cautiously |in |pregnant |and |breastfeeding |women. |Embryo-fetal |risk |is |very |low. |Many |
OTC |and |prescription |products |contain |acetaminophen; |be |aware |of |this |when |calculating |total |daily |
dose. |Consider |reducing |total |daily |dose |and |increasing |dosing |intervals |in |patients |with |hepatic |or |
renal |impairment.
Acetaminophen |- |Education |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Tell |parents |to |consult |prescriber |before |giving |
drug |to |children |younger |than |age |2. |Advise |parents |that |drug |is |only |for |short-term |use; |urge |them |
to |consult |prescriber |if |giving |to |infants |for |longer |than |3 |days, |children |for |longer |than |5 |days, |or |
adults |for |longer |than |10 |days. |Black |Box |Warning: |Advise |patient |or |caregiver |that |many |OTC |
products |contain |acetaminophen |and |should |be |counted |when |calculating |total |daily |dose. |Tell |
patient |to |consult |prescriber |for |fever |lasting |longer |than |3 |days |or |recurrent |fever. |Alert: |Warn |
patient |that |high |doses |or |unsupervised |long-term |use |can |cause |liver |damage. |Excessive |alcohol |use |
may |increase |the |risk |of |liver |damage. |Caution |long-term |alcoholics |to |limit |drug |to |2 |g/day |or |less. |
Caution |patient |to |contact |health |care |provider |if |signs |and |symptoms |of |liver |damage |(illogical |
thinking, |severe |dyspepsia, |jaundice, |inability |to |eat, |weakness) |occur. |Alert: |Warn |patient |to |stop |
drug |and |seek |medical |attention |immediately |if |rash |or |other |reactions |occurs |while |using |
, acetaminophen. |Tell |breastfeeding |patient |that |drug |appears |in |human |milk |in |low |levels. |Drug |may |
be |used |safely |if |therapy |is |short-term |and |doesn't |exceed |recommended |doses.
Dobutamine |- |Indication, |MOA |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Dobutamine |is |used |to |increase |cardiac |
output |during |short-term |treatment |of |cardiac |decompensation |caused |by |depressed |contractility, |
such |as |during |refractory |HF; |adjunctive |therapy |in |cardiac |surgery; |also |used |to |treat |cardiogenic |
shock. |Stimulates |heart's |beta1 |receptors |to |increase |myocardial |contractility |and |stroke |volume. |At |
therapeutic |dosages, |drug |increases |cardiac |output |by |decreasing |peripheral |vascular |resistance, |
reducing |ventricular |filling |pressure, |and |facilitating |AV |node |conduction.
Dobutamine |- |Side |effects |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-CNS: |headache. |CV: |HTN, |increased |HR, |angina, |
PVCs |(premature |ventricular |contractions), |phlebitis, |nonspecific |chest |pain, |palpitations, |ventricular |
ectopy, |hypotension. |GI: |nausea, |vomiting. |Respiratory: |asthma |attack, |shortness |of |breath. |Other: |
anaphylaxis, |hypersensitivity |reactions. |May |decrease |potassium |level. |May |decrease |platelet |count.
Dobutamine |- |Nursing |considerations |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Alert: |Because |drug |increases |AV |node |
conduction, |patients |with |atrial |fibrillation |may |develop |a |rapid |ventricular |rate. |Continuously |monitor
|ECG, |BP, |pulmonary |artery |wedge |pressure, |cardiac |output, |and |urine |output |during |therapy. |Correct
|hypovolemia |before |therapy. |Monitor |electrolyte |levels. |Drug |may |lower |potassium |level. |There |are |
no |adequate |well-controlled |studies |in |pregnant |women. |Use |during |pregnancy |only |if |clearly |needed |
and |potential |benefit |justifies |potential |risk |to |the |fetus. |It |isn't |known |if |drug |appears |in |human |milk.
|Use |cautiously |in |breastfeeding |women |or |discontinue |breastfeeding |during |therapy.
Dobutamine |- |Education |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Tell |patient |to |report |all |adverse |reactions |promptly,
|especially |labored |breathing, |angina, |palpitations, |dizziness, |and |drug-induced |headache. |Instruct |
patient |to |report |discomfort |at |IV |insertion |site.
Nitroglycerin |- |Indication, |MOA |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Indications: |To |prevent |chronic |anginal |
attacks. |Acute |angina |pectoris; |to |prevent |or |minimize |anginal |attacks |before |stressful |events. |HTN |
from |surgery, |HF |after |MI, |angina |pectoris |in |acute |situations; |to |produce |controlled |hypotension |
during |surgery |(by |IV |infusion). |Also |used |in |treatment |of |cardiogenic |shock. |Moderate |to |severe |pain
|from |chronic |anal |fissure. |Action: |Reduces |cardiac |oxygen |demand |by |decreasing |left |ventricular |end-
diastolic |pressure |(preload) |and, |to |a |lesser |extent, |systemic |vascular |resistance |(afterload). |Also |
increases |blood |flow |through |the |collateral |coronary |vessels.
Nitroglycerin |- |Side |effects |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-CNS: |headache, |dizziness, |syncope, |weakness. |CV: |
orthostatic |hypotension, |bradycardia, |flushing, |palpitations, |peripheral |edema. |EENT: |pharyngitis, |
with correct answers
Acetaminophen |- |Indication, |MOA |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Acetaminophen |is |indicated |for |the |
treatment |of |pain |and |fever |associated |with |a |variety |of |conditions, |including |influenza; |for |the |
prophylaxis |of |children |receiving |diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus |immunizations |(aspirin |may |mask |Reye |
syndrome |in |children); |and |for |the |relief |of |musculoskeletal |pain |associated |with |arthritis. |
Acetaminophen |acts |directly |on |the |thermoregulatory |cells |in |the |hypothalamus |to |cause |sweating |
and |vasodilation; |this |in |turn |causes |the |release |of |heat |and |lowers |fever. |The |mechanism |of |action |
related |to |the |analgesic |effects |of |acetaminophen |has |not |been |identified.
Acetaminophen |- |Side |effects |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Rash, |fever, |chest |pain, |liver |toxicity |and |
failure, |bone |marrow |suppression. |Adverse |effects |associated |with |acetaminophen |use |include |
headache, |hemolytic |anemia, |renal |dysfunction, |skin |rash, |and |fever. |Hepatotoxicity |is |a |potentially |
fatal |adverse |effect |that |is |usually |associated |with |chronic |use |and |overdose |and |is |related |to |direct |
toxic |effects |on |the |liver. |The |dose |that |could |prove |toxic |varies |with |the |age |of |the |patient, |other |
drugs |that |the |patient |might |be |taking, |and |the |underlying |hepatic |function |of |that |patient. |When |
overdose |occurs, |acetylcysteine |can |be |used |as |an |antidote. |Life |support |measures |may |also |be |
necessary.
Acetaminophen |- |Nursing |considerations |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Acetaminophen |causes |vasodilation |
and |heat |release, |lowering |fever |and |working |to |relieve |pain |but |does |not |have |anti-inflammatory |
effects. |Use |cautiously |in |pregnant |and |breastfeeding |women. |Embryo-fetal |risk |is |very |low. |Many |
OTC |and |prescription |products |contain |acetaminophen; |be |aware |of |this |when |calculating |total |daily |
dose. |Consider |reducing |total |daily |dose |and |increasing |dosing |intervals |in |patients |with |hepatic |or |
renal |impairment.
Acetaminophen |- |Education |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Tell |parents |to |consult |prescriber |before |giving |
drug |to |children |younger |than |age |2. |Advise |parents |that |drug |is |only |for |short-term |use; |urge |them |
to |consult |prescriber |if |giving |to |infants |for |longer |than |3 |days, |children |for |longer |than |5 |days, |or |
adults |for |longer |than |10 |days. |Black |Box |Warning: |Advise |patient |or |caregiver |that |many |OTC |
products |contain |acetaminophen |and |should |be |counted |when |calculating |total |daily |dose. |Tell |
patient |to |consult |prescriber |for |fever |lasting |longer |than |3 |days |or |recurrent |fever. |Alert: |Warn |
patient |that |high |doses |or |unsupervised |long-term |use |can |cause |liver |damage. |Excessive |alcohol |use |
may |increase |the |risk |of |liver |damage. |Caution |long-term |alcoholics |to |limit |drug |to |2 |g/day |or |less. |
Caution |patient |to |contact |health |care |provider |if |signs |and |symptoms |of |liver |damage |(illogical |
thinking, |severe |dyspepsia, |jaundice, |inability |to |eat, |weakness) |occur. |Alert: |Warn |patient |to |stop |
drug |and |seek |medical |attention |immediately |if |rash |or |other |reactions |occurs |while |using |
, acetaminophen. |Tell |breastfeeding |patient |that |drug |appears |in |human |milk |in |low |levels. |Drug |may |
be |used |safely |if |therapy |is |short-term |and |doesn't |exceed |recommended |doses.
Dobutamine |- |Indication, |MOA |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Dobutamine |is |used |to |increase |cardiac |
output |during |short-term |treatment |of |cardiac |decompensation |caused |by |depressed |contractility, |
such |as |during |refractory |HF; |adjunctive |therapy |in |cardiac |surgery; |also |used |to |treat |cardiogenic |
shock. |Stimulates |heart's |beta1 |receptors |to |increase |myocardial |contractility |and |stroke |volume. |At |
therapeutic |dosages, |drug |increases |cardiac |output |by |decreasing |peripheral |vascular |resistance, |
reducing |ventricular |filling |pressure, |and |facilitating |AV |node |conduction.
Dobutamine |- |Side |effects |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-CNS: |headache. |CV: |HTN, |increased |HR, |angina, |
PVCs |(premature |ventricular |contractions), |phlebitis, |nonspecific |chest |pain, |palpitations, |ventricular |
ectopy, |hypotension. |GI: |nausea, |vomiting. |Respiratory: |asthma |attack, |shortness |of |breath. |Other: |
anaphylaxis, |hypersensitivity |reactions. |May |decrease |potassium |level. |May |decrease |platelet |count.
Dobutamine |- |Nursing |considerations |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Alert: |Because |drug |increases |AV |node |
conduction, |patients |with |atrial |fibrillation |may |develop |a |rapid |ventricular |rate. |Continuously |monitor
|ECG, |BP, |pulmonary |artery |wedge |pressure, |cardiac |output, |and |urine |output |during |therapy. |Correct
|hypovolemia |before |therapy. |Monitor |electrolyte |levels. |Drug |may |lower |potassium |level. |There |are |
no |adequate |well-controlled |studies |in |pregnant |women. |Use |during |pregnancy |only |if |clearly |needed |
and |potential |benefit |justifies |potential |risk |to |the |fetus. |It |isn't |known |if |drug |appears |in |human |milk.
|Use |cautiously |in |breastfeeding |women |or |discontinue |breastfeeding |during |therapy.
Dobutamine |- |Education |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Tell |patient |to |report |all |adverse |reactions |promptly,
|especially |labored |breathing, |angina, |palpitations, |dizziness, |and |drug-induced |headache. |Instruct |
patient |to |report |discomfort |at |IV |insertion |site.
Nitroglycerin |- |Indication, |MOA |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Indications: |To |prevent |chronic |anginal |
attacks. |Acute |angina |pectoris; |to |prevent |or |minimize |anginal |attacks |before |stressful |events. |HTN |
from |surgery, |HF |after |MI, |angina |pectoris |in |acute |situations; |to |produce |controlled |hypotension |
during |surgery |(by |IV |infusion). |Also |used |in |treatment |of |cardiogenic |shock. |Moderate |to |severe |pain
|from |chronic |anal |fissure. |Action: |Reduces |cardiac |oxygen |demand |by |decreasing |left |ventricular |end-
diastolic |pressure |(preload) |and, |to |a |lesser |extent, |systemic |vascular |resistance |(afterload). |Also |
increases |blood |flow |through |the |collateral |coronary |vessels.
Nitroglycerin |- |Side |effects |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-CNS: |headache, |dizziness, |syncope, |weakness. |CV: |
orthostatic |hypotension, |bradycardia, |flushing, |palpitations, |peripheral |edema. |EENT: |pharyngitis, |
