kjhgfds
SOLUTION MANUAL
Assessment for Counselors 1st Edition
by Bradley Erford
AP
LU
S0
01
kjhgfd
, kjhgfds
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Basic Assessment Concepts ........................................................................................1
Learning Outcomes ...........................................................................................................1
Overview............................................................................................................................1
Summary Narrative ...........................................................................................................3
Chapter 2: Historical Foundations and Perspectives on Assessment ..........................................5
Learning Outcomes ...........................................................................................................5
Overview............................................................................................................................5
Summary Narrative ...........................................................................................................7
Chapter 3: Legal, Ethical, and Diversity Foundations and Perspectives in Assessment … 9
AP
Learning Outcomes ...........................................................................................................9
Overview............................................................................................................................9
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 4: How Tests Are Constructed ....................................................................................... 13
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 13
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 13
LU
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 5: Selecting, Administering, Scoring, and Interpreting Assessment
Instruments and Techniques ........................................................................................... 16
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 16
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 16
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 18
S0
Chapter 6: Reliability ................................................................................................................... 20
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 20
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 20
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 21
Chapter 7: Validity....................................................................................................................... 23
01
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 23
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 23
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 8: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis .......................................................................... 26
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 26
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 26
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 28
Chapter 9: Personality Assessment ............................................................................................. 30
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 30
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 30
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 32
kjhgfd
, kjhgfds
Chapter 10: Behavioral Assessment ......................................................................................... 34
Learning Outcomes ........................................................................................................34
Overview.........................................................................................................................34
Summary Narrative ........................................................................................................35
Chapter 11: Assessment of Intelligence ..................................................................................... 37
Learning Outcomes ........................................................................................................37
Overview......................................................................................................................... 37
Summary Narrative ........................................................................................................39
Chapter 12: Assessment of Other Aptitudes..............................................................................41
Learning Outcomes ........................................................................................................41
Overview.........................................................................................................................41
AP
Summary Narrative ........................................................................................................42
Chapter 13: Assessment of Achievement .................................................................................. 43
Learning Outcomes .........................................................................................................43
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 43
Summary Narrative .........................................................................................................45
Chapter 14: Assessment in Career Counseling...........................................................................47
LU
Learning Outcomes .........................................................................................................47
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 47
Summary Narrative .........................................................................................................49
Chapter 15: Assessing Couples and Families ........................................................................... 50
Learning Outcomes .........................................................................................................50
S0
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 50
Summary Narrative .........................................................................................................52
01
kjhgfd
, kjhgfds
Chapter 1: Basic Assessment Concepts
Learning Outcomes
When you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:
• Define assessment and its integral role within counseling; understand the difference between assessment and
testing
• Identify the purposes of assessment including screening, diagnosis, progress (outcome) evaluation, and
treatment planning and goal identification
• Recognize how assessment aligns with professional counselor standards and best practices
• Identify different types of assessment including standardardized (formal) and nonstandardized tests; norm-
referenced and criterion-referenced tests; individual and group tests and inventories; objective and subjective
tests; speed and power tests; verbal and nonverbal tests; cognitive and affective tests; paper-and-pencil tests;
performance assessment; portfolio assessment; and environmental assessment
• Understand the difference between formative versus summative evaluation
AP
• Differentiate between and recognize the strengths and limitations of computer-managed and computer-adapted
assessment
Overview
1. Assessment and Counseling
• Assessment is integral to every stage in the counseling process.
• Assessment enhances a counselor’s efficiency in helping a client.
LU
2. What is Assessment?
• Testing is only part of the process.
• Psychological tests are an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior.
• The purposes of assessment: screening; diagnosis; treatment planning and goal identification; and progress
(outcome) evaluation.
S0
3. How is Assessment used in Counseling?
• Assessment is used throughout the counseling process:
• Assessing client problems.
• Conceptualizing and defining client problems.
• Selecting and implementing effective treatments.
• Evaluating counseling effectiveness.
01
4. Assessment Competence and Professional Counselors
• Multi-method and multi-respondent assessment methods can help counselors uncover diverse client
information.
• Assessment results provide a concrete record and lead to enhanced credibility.
• Training standards for professional counselors through CACREP guide assessment education and practice.
• Professional counseling organizations such as the ACA and its numerous specialty areas promote best
practices.
• Professional counselors should become aware of the laws and regulations pertaining to assessment in their
states.
• Assessment training standards exist to ensure that only qualified individuals can administer, score, and
interpret psychological and educational tests.
5. Assessment Terms and Concepts
• Standardized (formal) and nonstandardized (informal) tests.
• Standardized tests have specific conditions for administration, timing, and scoring that nonstandardized
tests do not.
kjhgfd
SOLUTION MANUAL
Assessment for Counselors 1st Edition
by Bradley Erford
AP
LU
S0
01
kjhgfd
, kjhgfds
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Basic Assessment Concepts ........................................................................................1
Learning Outcomes ...........................................................................................................1
Overview............................................................................................................................1
Summary Narrative ...........................................................................................................3
Chapter 2: Historical Foundations and Perspectives on Assessment ..........................................5
Learning Outcomes ...........................................................................................................5
Overview............................................................................................................................5
Summary Narrative ...........................................................................................................7
Chapter 3: Legal, Ethical, and Diversity Foundations and Perspectives in Assessment … 9
AP
Learning Outcomes ...........................................................................................................9
Overview............................................................................................................................9
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 4: How Tests Are Constructed ....................................................................................... 13
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 13
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 13
LU
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 5: Selecting, Administering, Scoring, and Interpreting Assessment
Instruments and Techniques ........................................................................................... 16
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 16
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 16
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 18
S0
Chapter 6: Reliability ................................................................................................................... 20
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 20
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 20
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 21
Chapter 7: Validity....................................................................................................................... 23
01
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 23
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 23
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 8: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis .......................................................................... 26
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 26
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 26
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 28
Chapter 9: Personality Assessment ............................................................................................. 30
Learning Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 30
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 30
Summary Narrative ......................................................................................................... 32
kjhgfd
, kjhgfds
Chapter 10: Behavioral Assessment ......................................................................................... 34
Learning Outcomes ........................................................................................................34
Overview.........................................................................................................................34
Summary Narrative ........................................................................................................35
Chapter 11: Assessment of Intelligence ..................................................................................... 37
Learning Outcomes ........................................................................................................37
Overview......................................................................................................................... 37
Summary Narrative ........................................................................................................39
Chapter 12: Assessment of Other Aptitudes..............................................................................41
Learning Outcomes ........................................................................................................41
Overview.........................................................................................................................41
AP
Summary Narrative ........................................................................................................42
Chapter 13: Assessment of Achievement .................................................................................. 43
Learning Outcomes .........................................................................................................43
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 43
Summary Narrative .........................................................................................................45
Chapter 14: Assessment in Career Counseling...........................................................................47
LU
Learning Outcomes .........................................................................................................47
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 47
Summary Narrative .........................................................................................................49
Chapter 15: Assessing Couples and Families ........................................................................... 50
Learning Outcomes .........................................................................................................50
S0
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 50
Summary Narrative .........................................................................................................52
01
kjhgfd
, kjhgfds
Chapter 1: Basic Assessment Concepts
Learning Outcomes
When you have finished this chapter, you should be able to:
• Define assessment and its integral role within counseling; understand the difference between assessment and
testing
• Identify the purposes of assessment including screening, diagnosis, progress (outcome) evaluation, and
treatment planning and goal identification
• Recognize how assessment aligns with professional counselor standards and best practices
• Identify different types of assessment including standardardized (formal) and nonstandardized tests; norm-
referenced and criterion-referenced tests; individual and group tests and inventories; objective and subjective
tests; speed and power tests; verbal and nonverbal tests; cognitive and affective tests; paper-and-pencil tests;
performance assessment; portfolio assessment; and environmental assessment
• Understand the difference between formative versus summative evaluation
AP
• Differentiate between and recognize the strengths and limitations of computer-managed and computer-adapted
assessment
Overview
1. Assessment and Counseling
• Assessment is integral to every stage in the counseling process.
• Assessment enhances a counselor’s efficiency in helping a client.
LU
2. What is Assessment?
• Testing is only part of the process.
• Psychological tests are an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior.
• The purposes of assessment: screening; diagnosis; treatment planning and goal identification; and progress
(outcome) evaluation.
S0
3. How is Assessment used in Counseling?
• Assessment is used throughout the counseling process:
• Assessing client problems.
• Conceptualizing and defining client problems.
• Selecting and implementing effective treatments.
• Evaluating counseling effectiveness.
01
4. Assessment Competence and Professional Counselors
• Multi-method and multi-respondent assessment methods can help counselors uncover diverse client
information.
• Assessment results provide a concrete record and lead to enhanced credibility.
• Training standards for professional counselors through CACREP guide assessment education and practice.
• Professional counseling organizations such as the ACA and its numerous specialty areas promote best
practices.
• Professional counselors should become aware of the laws and regulations pertaining to assessment in their
states.
• Assessment training standards exist to ensure that only qualified individuals can administer, score, and
interpret psychological and educational tests.
5. Assessment Terms and Concepts
• Standardized (formal) and nonstandardized (informal) tests.
• Standardized tests have specific conditions for administration, timing, and scoring that nonstandardized
tests do not.
kjhgfd
