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Samenvatting Histologie

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Dit is een volledige samenvatting over het onderdeel Histologie van het vak Locomotorisch Stelsel. Het document omvat alle info op te slagen in eerste zit. Deze samenvatting is opgesteld in academiejaar 2024/2025.

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Histologie
examen: theorie over KENNEN, maar afwijkingen niet kunnen herkennen op
plaatjes pathologie

alle plaatjes: bookmarks goodnotes


Table of Contents
Deel 1: bindweefsel, vet, spier, kraakbeen, bot ........................................................... 3
Bindweefsel ....................................................................................................................... 3
Functies ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Samenstelling ........................................................................................................................................ 4
fibroblast ............................................................................................................................................... 4
vezels (ECM) .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Grondsubstantie (ECM) .......................................................................................................................... 6
Losmazig bindweefsel ............................................................................................................................ 8
Straf/dens bindweefsel .......................................................................................................................... 8
elastisch bindweefsel ............................................................................................................................ 9
mucoid bindweefsel ............................................................................................................................... 9
Reticulair bindweefsel............................................................................................................................ 9
Vetweefsel ......................................................................................................................... 9
Functie................................................................................................................................................... 9
Univacuolair vetweefsel ....................................................................................................................... 10
Plurivacuolair weefsel .......................................................................................................................... 11
Kraakbeen ....................................................................................................................... 12
hyalien kraakbeen ................................................................................................................................ 13
Elastisch kraakbeen ............................................................................................................................. 15
Vezelig kraakbeen ................................................................................................................................ 15
Botweefsel ...................................................................................................................... 16
Functies ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Samenstelling ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Botmatrix ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Osteoblast ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Osteocyt .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Osteoclast ........................................................................................................................................... 18
periosteum en endosteum ................................................................................................................... 19
Soorten botweefsel .............................................................................................................................. 19
Soorten beenderen .............................................................................................................................. 20
lamellair bot ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Geweven bot ........................................................................................................................................ 20
Osteon of systeem van Havers ............................................................................................................. 21
Corticaal bot ........................................................................................................................................ 21
Trabeculair bot ..................................................................................................................................... 21


1

, Osteogenese/botgroei ......................................................................................................................... 21
Endesmale/intramembraneuze/directe ossificatie ............................................................................... 21
Endochondrale (indirecte) botvorming ................................................................................................. 22
Gewrichten .......................................................................................................................................... 23
Spierweefsel.................................................................................................................... 24
skeletspierweefsel ............................................................................................................................... 24
Hartspierweefsel.................................................................................................................................. 28
Glad spierweefsel ................................................................................................................................ 28
Deel 2: histologie van de huid (integumentum) .......................................................... 29
Inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 29
basisstructuur van de huid ................................................................................................................... 29
epidermis ........................................................................................................................ 30
Stratum basale ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Desmosoom ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Epidermodermale junctie..................................................................................................................... 31
Hemidesmosoom ................................................................................................................................ 31
Ankerfilamenten en ankerfibrillen ........................................................................................................ 31
Stratum spinosum................................................................................................................................ 33
Stratum granulosum ............................................................................................................................ 33
Stratum lucidum .................................................................................................................................. 34
Stratum corneum ................................................................................................................................. 34
Keratinisatie ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Melanocyten ........................................................................................................................................ 34
Langerhanscellen ................................................................................................................................ 36
Merkelcellen ........................................................................................................................................ 36
Dermis............................................................................................................................. 36
Papillaire dermis .................................................................................................................................. 37
Reticulaire dermis ................................................................................................................................ 37
subcutis/hypodermis ....................................................................................................... 38
cutane adnexstructuren ................................................................................................... 38
Haar ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
Eccriene zweetklier .............................................................................................................................. 42
Apocriene ‘zweet’klier .......................................................................................................................... 43
vasculatuur van de huid ................................................................................................... 44
Gevoelsreceptoren van de huid ........................................................................................ 44
Lichaampje van Meissner ..................................................................................................................... 44
Lichaampje van Pacini ......................................................................................................................... 45




2

,Deel 1: bindweefsel, vet, spier, kraakbeen, bot
Bindweefsel
= materiaal dat cellen en organen verbindt + het lichaam steun verschaft (mechanisch)

Functie berust vnl op extracellulaire matrix (<-> andere primaire weefsels)
- Vezels: collageen en elastisch
- Grondsubstantie

Ontstaat uit mesenchym (embryonaal weefsel) afkomstig van het mesoderm (middelste
laag vh embryo)

Bevat veel inflammatoire cellen

Functies
Steunfunctie:
- pezen en ligamenten

- kapsels rond organen
- trabekels in organen
- opvulling van de ruimte tussen organen
- bot en kraakbeen

afweer:
- barrière tegen verspreiding van vb. binnengedrongen bacteriën
- fagocyterende cellen (en cellen die behoren tot het afweersysteem)

voeding:


3

, - voor erin voorkomende bloedvaten

Samenstelling
Cellen in bindweefsel: fibroblast, adipocyt, plasmacel, lymfocyt, eosinofiele granulocyt,
neutrofiele granulocyt, macrofaag, mestcel, dendritische cel (cel van Langerhans)

Vezels (ECM):
- collagene -
elastische
- reticulaire

grondsubstantie (ECM):

- glycosaminoglycanen
- proteoglycanen -
glycoproteïnen
fibroblast
= meest algemeen voorkomende bindweefselcel

Produceren vezels (collagene en eastische) en grondsubstantie (glycosaminoglycanen en
glycoproteïnen)

Actieve fibroblasten: grotere cellen, grotere actieve euchromatische kern, meer
uitgesproken cytoplasma

Inactieve fibroblasten (‘fibrocyten’): kleinere cellen, kleinere inactieve heterochromatische
kern, minder cytoplasma

Wondgenezing/reparatieprocessen na beschadiging en defecten: toename van
actinefilamenten in het cytoplasma van fibroblasten -> contractiele eigenschappen
(“myofibroblasten”)

Elektronenmicroscopie:

- fibroblast o talrijke onregelmatige cytoplasma-uitlopers
o kern: ovaal, groot, licht gekleurd met fijn verdeeld chromatinepatroon en
grote nucleolus
o cytoplasma: rijk aan ruw ER en heeft goed ontwikkeld Golgi-apparaat o
slanke mitochondriën
- fibrocyt o kleiner dan de fibroblast, minder cytoplasma-
uitlopers o kern: langwerpig, kleiner, donkerder gekleurd o
cytoplasma: weinig ontwikkeld ruw ER en Golgi-apparaat


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