CCRN Exam Review Neurology and
Endocrine UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance - CORRECT ANSWER - The process by which
the kidneys maintain the pH of the blood by removing hydrogen ions and reabsorbing
bicarbonate ions.
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) - CORRECT ANSWER - The rate at which the kidneys
filter blood, approximately 180 liters per day.
Afferent Arteriole - CORRECT ANSWER - A small branch of the renal artery that carries
blood to the glomerulus for filtration.
Autoregulation - CORRECT ANSWER - The kidneys' ability to maintain a constant
filtration rate despite changes in blood pressure.
Renal Blood Flow - CORRECT ANSWER - The volume of blood delivered to the kidneys
per unit of time, about 20-25% of cardiac output.
Serum Osmolality - CORRECT ANSWER - The concentration of solutes in the blood,
typically 275-295 mOsm/kg; high levels indicate dehydration.
BUN:Crt Ratio - CORRECT ANSWER - The ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum
creatinine, normally 10:1; an elevated ratio may indicate dehydration.
Hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition characterized by low blood volume,
leading to symptoms such as tachycardia and poor skin turgor.
, Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER - An excess of fluid in the blood, often caused by
conditions like heart failure, resulting in high blood pressure and dyspnea.
Acute Renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - A sudden severe impairment or cessation of
kidney function, often characterized by fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Pre-renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of acute renal failure related to
disrupted blood flow to the kidneys, often caused by conditions like heart failure or low
intravascular volume.
Intra-renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal failure involving damage to the renal
tissue, which can be cortical (outside the kidney) or medullary (inside the kidney).
Post-renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - Acute renal failure related to disrupted urine
flow, often caused by obstructions such as tumors or neurogenic bladder.
Diuretic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - A phase of acute renal failure characterized by
increased urine output, often exceeding 3 liters per day.
Chronic Renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - A slowly progressive disease causing
gradual loss of kidney function, often asymptomatic and commonly caused by conditions like
diabetes and hypertension.
Diabetes Insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition characterized by impaired renal
conservation of water, resulting in polyuria, thirst, and low urine specific gravity, often caused
by a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - CORRECT ANSWER -A
condition characterized by impaired renal excretion of water, resulting in oliguria, high urine
specific gravity, and hyponatremia, often caused by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
Endocrine UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance - CORRECT ANSWER - The process by which
the kidneys maintain the pH of the blood by removing hydrogen ions and reabsorbing
bicarbonate ions.
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) - CORRECT ANSWER - The rate at which the kidneys
filter blood, approximately 180 liters per day.
Afferent Arteriole - CORRECT ANSWER - A small branch of the renal artery that carries
blood to the glomerulus for filtration.
Autoregulation - CORRECT ANSWER - The kidneys' ability to maintain a constant
filtration rate despite changes in blood pressure.
Renal Blood Flow - CORRECT ANSWER - The volume of blood delivered to the kidneys
per unit of time, about 20-25% of cardiac output.
Serum Osmolality - CORRECT ANSWER - The concentration of solutes in the blood,
typically 275-295 mOsm/kg; high levels indicate dehydration.
BUN:Crt Ratio - CORRECT ANSWER - The ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum
creatinine, normally 10:1; an elevated ratio may indicate dehydration.
Hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition characterized by low blood volume,
leading to symptoms such as tachycardia and poor skin turgor.
, Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER - An excess of fluid in the blood, often caused by
conditions like heart failure, resulting in high blood pressure and dyspnea.
Acute Renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - A sudden severe impairment or cessation of
kidney function, often characterized by fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Pre-renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of acute renal failure related to
disrupted blood flow to the kidneys, often caused by conditions like heart failure or low
intravascular volume.
Intra-renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal failure involving damage to the renal
tissue, which can be cortical (outside the kidney) or medullary (inside the kidney).
Post-renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - Acute renal failure related to disrupted urine
flow, often caused by obstructions such as tumors or neurogenic bladder.
Diuretic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - A phase of acute renal failure characterized by
increased urine output, often exceeding 3 liters per day.
Chronic Renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - A slowly progressive disease causing
gradual loss of kidney function, often asymptomatic and commonly caused by conditions like
diabetes and hypertension.
Diabetes Insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition characterized by impaired renal
conservation of water, resulting in polyuria, thirst, and low urine specific gravity, often caused
by a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - CORRECT ANSWER -A
condition characterized by impaired renal excretion of water, resulting in oliguria, high urine
specific gravity, and hyponatremia, often caused by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
