Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy
with practice questions and correct
answers
Define bilateral and unilateral. - CORRECT ANSWER-Paired structures having right and left members
(e.g., the kidneys) are bilateral, whereas those occurring on one side only (e.g., the spleen) are
unilateral.
Define ipsilateral and contralateral. - CORRECT ANSWER-Something occurring on the same side of the
body as another structure is ipsilateral; the right thumb and right great toe are ipsilateral.
Contralateral means occurring on the opposite side of the body relative to another structure; the right
hand is contralateral to the left hand.
Define proctraction/protrusion and retraction/retrusion. - CORRECT ANSWER-Protraction/protrusion
involves a movement going straight ahead or forward. Retraction/retrusion is the opposite and involves
going backwards. The jaw can be protruded and retruded. The scapula can also be protracted and
retracted on the thoracic wall.
Define lateral flexion (lateral bending). - CORRECT ANSWER-Lateral flexion is a special form of abduction
for only the neck and trunk.
Describe medial and lateral rotation. - CORRECT ANSWER-Medial rotation (internal rotation) brings the
anterior surface of a limb closer to the median plane, whereas lateral rotation (external rotation) takes
the anterior surface away from the median plane. The arms and legs can be medially and laterally
rotated from anatomical position.
Define opposition and reposition. - CORRECT ANSWER-Opposition is the movement by which the pad of
the 1st digit (thumb) is brought to another digit pad.
Reposition described the movement of the 1st digit from the position of opposition back to its
anatomical position.
, Between nerves and veins, which displays the greatest degree of anatomical variation? Which displays
the least? - CORRECT ANSWER-Most anatomical variation: Veins
Least anatomical variation: Nerves
What is the prevalence of one or more significant birth defects in nerborns? - CORRECT ANSWER-3%
List the functions of the integumentary system. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Protection from environmental
factors
2. Containment of the body structures
3. Thermal regulation through evaporation of sweat and/or dilation/constriction of superficial blood
vessels
4. Sensation via superficial nerves and their sensory endings
5. Synthesis/storage of Vitamin D
Describe the layers of the skin. - CORRECT ANSWER-- Epidermis: avascular, superficial keratinized
cellular layer that protects underlying tissue, contains a regenerative basal layer
- Dermis: vascular( capillaries), deep connective tissue layer containing hair follicles, fibrous proteins,
and most afferent nerve endings)
- Subcutaneous tissue: superficial fascia (composed of loose connective tissue) with adipose, cutaneous
nerves, lymphatic vessels, and superficial blood vessels
Describe tension lines. - CORRECT ANSWER-Also cleavage lines or Langer lines. Lines that appear
longitudinal and spiral-shaped lines in the limbs, and transverse in the neck and trunk indicating the
predominant orientation of collagen fibers in the skin.
Implications in Surgery/Wound Healing: incisions made across the cleavage lines are more likely to gape,
have increased healing time, and result in scar tissue. Incisions made parallel to the cleavage lines result
in less gaping, faster healing, and less scar tissue
with practice questions and correct
answers
Define bilateral and unilateral. - CORRECT ANSWER-Paired structures having right and left members
(e.g., the kidneys) are bilateral, whereas those occurring on one side only (e.g., the spleen) are
unilateral.
Define ipsilateral and contralateral. - CORRECT ANSWER-Something occurring on the same side of the
body as another structure is ipsilateral; the right thumb and right great toe are ipsilateral.
Contralateral means occurring on the opposite side of the body relative to another structure; the right
hand is contralateral to the left hand.
Define proctraction/protrusion and retraction/retrusion. - CORRECT ANSWER-Protraction/protrusion
involves a movement going straight ahead or forward. Retraction/retrusion is the opposite and involves
going backwards. The jaw can be protruded and retruded. The scapula can also be protracted and
retracted on the thoracic wall.
Define lateral flexion (lateral bending). - CORRECT ANSWER-Lateral flexion is a special form of abduction
for only the neck and trunk.
Describe medial and lateral rotation. - CORRECT ANSWER-Medial rotation (internal rotation) brings the
anterior surface of a limb closer to the median plane, whereas lateral rotation (external rotation) takes
the anterior surface away from the median plane. The arms and legs can be medially and laterally
rotated from anatomical position.
Define opposition and reposition. - CORRECT ANSWER-Opposition is the movement by which the pad of
the 1st digit (thumb) is brought to another digit pad.
Reposition described the movement of the 1st digit from the position of opposition back to its
anatomical position.
, Between nerves and veins, which displays the greatest degree of anatomical variation? Which displays
the least? - CORRECT ANSWER-Most anatomical variation: Veins
Least anatomical variation: Nerves
What is the prevalence of one or more significant birth defects in nerborns? - CORRECT ANSWER-3%
List the functions of the integumentary system. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Protection from environmental
factors
2. Containment of the body structures
3. Thermal regulation through evaporation of sweat and/or dilation/constriction of superficial blood
vessels
4. Sensation via superficial nerves and their sensory endings
5. Synthesis/storage of Vitamin D
Describe the layers of the skin. - CORRECT ANSWER-- Epidermis: avascular, superficial keratinized
cellular layer that protects underlying tissue, contains a regenerative basal layer
- Dermis: vascular( capillaries), deep connective tissue layer containing hair follicles, fibrous proteins,
and most afferent nerve endings)
- Subcutaneous tissue: superficial fascia (composed of loose connective tissue) with adipose, cutaneous
nerves, lymphatic vessels, and superficial blood vessels
Describe tension lines. - CORRECT ANSWER-Also cleavage lines or Langer lines. Lines that appear
longitudinal and spiral-shaped lines in the limbs, and transverse in the neck and trunk indicating the
predominant orientation of collagen fibers in the skin.
Implications in Surgery/Wound Healing: incisions made across the cleavage lines are more likely to gape,
have increased healing time, and result in scar tissue. Incisions made parallel to the cleavage lines result
in less gaping, faster healing, and less scar tissue
