RNSG 1430 FINAL PAPER 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
RATED A+
✔✔specific gravity of urine - ✔✔the lower specific gravity the more hydrated you are
and vise versa
✔✔Pharmacological Therapy - ✔✔Diuretics
Anticholinergics
Cholinergics
Pyridium
✔✔Diuretics - ✔✔Loop
Thiazide
Potassium sparing
✔✔Anticholinergics - ✔✔Oxybutynin (Ditropan XL) - reduces muscle spasms of the
bladder and urinary tract
✔✔Flomax - ✔✔Decreases contraction in smooth muscle of prostatic capsule thus
decreasing symptoms of BPH
✔✔cholinergics - ✔✔Urecholine - stimulates bladder contractions to facilitate voiding
✔✔exemplars - ✔✔Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Urinary incontinence
Urinary retention
✔✔Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) - ✔✔A condition in which the prostate gland
increases in size, leading to disruption of the outflow of urine from the bladder through
the urethra
✔✔note to self - ✔✔a pt may still produce urine from one kidney but the other kidney
may be drained from a bag
✔✔Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) etiology - ✔✔Endocrine changes
Excessive accumulation of dihydroxytestosterone
Stimulation by estrogen and growth hormone
Develops in the inner part of the prostate
Gradually compresses the urethra
Leads to eventual partial or complete obstruction
✔✔Risk Factors of BPH - ✔✔Family history
Environment
Diet
Western men are more likely to develop obstructive problems
, Obesity increases the risk (more pressure)
Increased saturated fats in the diet
Physical activity and moderate alcohol consumption decrease the risk for BPH
✔✔Irritative Symptoms - Due to inflammation or infection. some symptoms include: -
✔✔- it occurs first
Frequency & Urgency
Dysuria
Bladder pain
Nocturia- usually first symptom noticed
Incontinence
✔✔Obstructive Symptoms - Due to retention. some symptoms include - ✔✔occurs as
condition worsens
Decrease in force of stream of urine
Difficulty initiating urination
Intermittency
Dribbling
Straining
✔✔Assessment of BPH - ✔✔Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
Decrease in force of urine stream
Post-void dribble
Nocturia
Urinary stasis
UTI's
hematuria
✔✔BPH symptoms FUNWISE - ✔✔F - Frequency
U - Urgency
N- Nocturia
W-Weak stream
I - Intermittency
S - Straining
E- Emptying Bladder
✔✔Diagnostic Tests for BPH - ✔✔History & physical
*DRE (digital rectal examination)
UA & culture to r/o infection
Serum Creatinine to r/o renal insufficiency
*PSA to r/o Prostate CA (^slight with BPH)
*Transrectal US with Bx (trus)
Cystourethroscopy
Uroflowmetry & post void residual
RATED A+
✔✔specific gravity of urine - ✔✔the lower specific gravity the more hydrated you are
and vise versa
✔✔Pharmacological Therapy - ✔✔Diuretics
Anticholinergics
Cholinergics
Pyridium
✔✔Diuretics - ✔✔Loop
Thiazide
Potassium sparing
✔✔Anticholinergics - ✔✔Oxybutynin (Ditropan XL) - reduces muscle spasms of the
bladder and urinary tract
✔✔Flomax - ✔✔Decreases contraction in smooth muscle of prostatic capsule thus
decreasing symptoms of BPH
✔✔cholinergics - ✔✔Urecholine - stimulates bladder contractions to facilitate voiding
✔✔exemplars - ✔✔Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Urinary incontinence
Urinary retention
✔✔Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) - ✔✔A condition in which the prostate gland
increases in size, leading to disruption of the outflow of urine from the bladder through
the urethra
✔✔note to self - ✔✔a pt may still produce urine from one kidney but the other kidney
may be drained from a bag
✔✔Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) etiology - ✔✔Endocrine changes
Excessive accumulation of dihydroxytestosterone
Stimulation by estrogen and growth hormone
Develops in the inner part of the prostate
Gradually compresses the urethra
Leads to eventual partial or complete obstruction
✔✔Risk Factors of BPH - ✔✔Family history
Environment
Diet
Western men are more likely to develop obstructive problems
, Obesity increases the risk (more pressure)
Increased saturated fats in the diet
Physical activity and moderate alcohol consumption decrease the risk for BPH
✔✔Irritative Symptoms - Due to inflammation or infection. some symptoms include: -
✔✔- it occurs first
Frequency & Urgency
Dysuria
Bladder pain
Nocturia- usually first symptom noticed
Incontinence
✔✔Obstructive Symptoms - Due to retention. some symptoms include - ✔✔occurs as
condition worsens
Decrease in force of stream of urine
Difficulty initiating urination
Intermittency
Dribbling
Straining
✔✔Assessment of BPH - ✔✔Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
Decrease in force of urine stream
Post-void dribble
Nocturia
Urinary stasis
UTI's
hematuria
✔✔BPH symptoms FUNWISE - ✔✔F - Frequency
U - Urgency
N- Nocturia
W-Weak stream
I - Intermittency
S - Straining
E- Emptying Bladder
✔✔Diagnostic Tests for BPH - ✔✔History & physical
*DRE (digital rectal examination)
UA & culture to r/o infection
Serum Creatinine to r/o renal insufficiency
*PSA to r/o Prostate CA (^slight with BPH)
*Transrectal US with Bx (trus)
Cystourethroscopy
Uroflowmetry & post void residual
