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Final Exam Econ 306

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Internal Validity -(correct answer)the statistical inferences about causal effects are valid for the population being studied External Validity -(correct answer)if conclusions can be generalized to other populations and settings Population Studied -(correct answer)is the population from which the sample was​ drawn Population of Interest -(correct answer)is the population to which causal inferences from this study are to be applied An ordinary least squares regression of Y onto X will be internally inconsistent if X is correlated with the error term, True or False -(correct answer)True Each of the five primary threats to internal validity implies that X is correlated with the error term, True or False -(correct answer)True A statistical analysis is internally valid​ if: -(correct answer)the statistical inferences about causal effects are valid for the population studied Threats to internal validity lead to: -(correct answer)failures of one or more of the least squares assumptions The question of​ reliability/unreliability of a multiple regression depends​ on: -(correct answer)internal and external validity Internal validity is​

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ECON SPEA-V202: Midterm
Early on in the pandemic, concerned about possible shutdowns, shoppers rushed out to buy

lots of extra toilet paper. This would best be described by which of the following: a. There was

a reduction in supply of toilet paper b. There was an increase in demand for toilet paper c.

There was a reduction in the quantity supplied of toilet paper d. There was a reduction in the

quantity of toilet paper demanded e. Demand for toilet paper become more elastic f. All of the

above g. None of the above -(correct answer)b. There was an increase in demand for toilet

paper Referring to the above question, shoppers bought so much toilet paper, so quickly, that

many stores ran out of toilet paper. What do the empty shelves in the stores indicate about the

toilet paper market? a. Demand for toilet paper is very inelastic b. The price was below the

market equilibrium c. The price was above the equilibrium price d. Demand for toilet paper is

very elastic e. Supply of toilet paper is very elastic f. The government should pay a subsidy to

toilet paper producers g. None of the above -(correct answer)b. The price was below the

market equilibrium The elasticity of demand for pumpkin pie is -2. Last year, due a big pumpkin

harvest, the price of a pie fell from $10 to $8. What occurred to the demand for pumpkin pie? a.

Quantity demanded decreased by 10% b. Quantity demanded increased by 40% c. Quantity

demanded decreased by 40% d. Quantity demanded increased by 10% e. Quantity demanded

did not change -(correct answer)b. Quantity demanded increased by 40% In an effort to

increase output of personal protective equipment (PPE) early in the pandemic, policymakers

proposed paying producers $5 for each piece of equipment they produce. Which of the

following would NOT be a likely impact of this policy? a. The price hospitals pay for PPE would

fall b. Employment in PPE-producing industries would increase c. The price received by the

PPE-producers would increase d. More PPE would be purchased by hospitals e. The hospitals

would be made better off by this policy (increase consumer surplus) f. The PPE-producers

would be made better off by this policy (increase producer surplus) g. Economic surplus would

increase h. None of the above (i.e., they would all be likely results) -(correct answer)g.

Economic surplus would increase The monthly demand curve for mangos is P=18-3Q (Q is

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