BIO 205 Micro Exam 1-3

1. All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that a.) cause human disease b.) lack a cell nucleus c.) are infectious particles d.) are too small to be seen with the unaided eye e.) can only be found growing in labs - d.) are too small to be seen with the unaided eye 2. cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called a.) decomposers b.) prokaryotes c.) pathogens d.) eukaryotes e.) fermenters - b.) prokaryotes 3. which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms? a.) cause human disease b.) lack a nucleus c.) cannot be seen without a microscope d.) contain genetic material e.) lack cell structure - b.) lack a nucleus 4. disease-causing microorganisms are called a.) decomposers b.) prokaryotes c.) pathogens d.) eukaryotes e.) fermenters - c.) pathogens 5. helminths are a.) bacteria b.) protozoa c.) molds d.) parasitic worms e.) infectious particles - d.) parasitic worms 6. which of the following is a scientific name? a.) gram-positive streptococcus b.) staph c.) Streptococcus pyrogenes (italicized) - c.) Streptococcus pyrogenes (italicized) 7. when assigning a scientific name to an organism a.) the species name is capitalized b.) the species name is placed first c.) the species name can be abbreviated d.) both genus and species names are capitalized e.) both genus and species names are italicized or underlined - e.) both genus and species names are italicized or underlined 8. the two functions of bacterial appendages are a.) attachment and protection b.) attachment and motility c.) motility and slime production d.) energy reactions and synthesis e.) protection and motility - b.) attachment and motility 9. the term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is a.) amphitrichous b.) atrichous c.) lophotrichous d.) monotrichous e.) peritrichous - e.) peritrichous 10. chemotaxis refers to the ability to a.) move in response to light b.) move in response to a chemical c.) not move in response to a chemical d.) transport desired molecules into cells - b.) move in response to a chemical 11. Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial a.) cell walls b.) cell membranes c.) capsules d.) slime layers e.) inclusions - a.) cell walls 12. a bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is a.) gram-negative b.) gram-positive - b.) gram-positive 13. a bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is a.) myobacterium b.) mycoplasma c.) strep - a.) myobacterium 14. All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the a.) inclusion bodies b.) fimbrae c.) capsule d.) slime layer e.) LPS - a.) inclusion bodies 15. a chain of rod-shaped cells would be called an a.) streptobacillus b.) staphylobacillus c.) streptococcus d.) staphylococcus - a.) streptobacillus 16. lipopolysaccharide is an important cell envelope component of a.) gram-negative bacteria b.) gram-positive bacteria c.) acid-fast bacteria d.) mycoplasmas - a.) gram-negative bacteria 17. rods that are slightly curved are called a.) vibrio b.) spirochetes c.) coccobacilli d.) filaments - a.) vibrio 18. the presence of variation in the size and shape of bacterial cells of the same species is known as a.) pleomorphism b.) chemotaxis c.) pseudomorphology d.) sarcina - a.) pleomorphism 19. protists include a.) yeast and molds b.) algae and protozoa c.) helminths d.) bacteria e.) viruses - b.) algae and protozoa 20. Microbes that live stably in and on the human body are called the a.) transient microbiota b.) human microbiome c.) pathogenic microorganisms d.) virulent microorganism e.) opportunistic microbiota - b.) human microbiome 21. tetrad - structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis 22. axial filament - the structure for motility found in spirochetes; also called endoflagellum 23. streptococci - bacteria that form a chain 24. you are observing an organism under the microscope, and you note that it has a cell wall, no chloroplasts, and a nucleus. Your prediction would be that this organism is an a.) bacterium b.) fungus c.) alga d.) protozoan e.) virus - b.) fungus 25. the long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called a.) conifiophores b.) hyphae c.) septa d.) asci - b.) hyphae 26. the site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the a.) ribosome b.) nucleolus c.) nucleius d.) golgi apparatus e.) lysosome - b.) nucleolus 27. an organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the a.) mitochondria b.) lysosome c.) golgi apparatus d.) chloroplast e.) endoplasmic reticulum - c.) golgi apparatus 28. a ________ originates from the golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion a.) peroxisome b.) lysosome c.) magnetosome d.) inclusion e.) ribosome - b.) lysosome 29. mitochondria possess all of the following except a.) enymes for metabolism b.) cristae c.) electron transport chain proteins d.) 70S ribosome e.) enzymes for photosynthesis - e.) enzymes for photosynthesis 30. the size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is a.) 40S b.) 50S c.) 70S d.) 80S - d.) 80S 31. viruses have all the following except a.) definite shape b.) metabolism c.) genes d.) the ability to infect host cells e.) ultramicroscopic size - b.) metabolism 32. an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus a.) capsomere b.) capsid c.) spike d.) envelope - b.) capsid 33. the core of every virus particle always contains a.) DNA b.) capsomeres c.) DNA and RNA d.) either DNA or RNA - d.) either DNA or RNA 34. viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called a.) viroids b.) prions c.) bacteriophages d.) satellite viruses - c.) bacteriophages 35. the correct sequence of events in viral multiplication a.) penetration, uncoating, synthesis, adsorption, assembly, and release b.) adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release - b.) adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release 36. choose the term that describes a virus that has a membranous outer covering over its capsid, partially derived from a host cell a.) enveloped virus b.) naked virus c.) encapsulated virus d.) coated virus - a.) enveloped virus 37. name of the structure that the virus can use inside a host cell to produce new virus particles - DNA 38. which gram cell possesses lipid A, responsible for symptoms associated with infection - gram negative 39. which gram cell has a structure that protects against osmotic lysis? - gram negative and gram positive 40. which gram cell is decolorized by a brief exposure to alcohol? - gram negative