MH701 Final Review Exam Cheatsheet 2025/26 |
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norepinephrine and serotonin - Decreased levels of these neurotransmitters are
theorized to contribute to depression and anxiety?
2 years - Length of time dysthymia symptoms must be present
buspirone (Buspar) - Non-addictive alternative to benzodiazepines for anxiety
tyramine (derivative from amino acid tyrosine)
Hypertensive crisis - Substance to avoid when taking MAOI's and why?
paroxetine (Paxil) - SSRI with shorter half-life
needs to be tapered to prevent discontinuation syndrome.
Discontinuation Syndrome (flu-like, neuralgic w/d sx) - Patient at risk for if they suddenly
stop taking or miss doses of venlafaxine (Effexor)?
bupropion (Wellbutrin) - anti-depressant is contraindicated with seizure disorder,
anorexia, bulimia?
SSRI's - First line treatment for depression and anxiety?
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially life-threatening syndrome precipitated by the use of
antidepressants &/or CAMs (samE, St. John's Wort)?
lorazepam (Ativan) - Short acting Benzo safest for use in elderly with dementia or PRN
use, also for alcohol w/d sx?
Seizure - Abruptly stopping Benzodiazapines can lead to what?
propranolol (Inderal) - Beta Blocker used for anxiety, restlessness, agitation, and
performance anxiety prn?
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - Exposure to trauma, negative mood, irritability, sleep
issues, flashbacks lasting more than 1 month?
prazosin (Minipress) - Blood pressure medication believed to block effects of adrenaline
and suppress nightmares?
,add bupropion (Wellbutrin) - Patient who is stable, complains of decreased sex drive
from sertraline (Zoloft), possible solution?
mirtazapine (Remeron) - Serotonin, norepinephrine receptor antagonist antidepressant
that can help with sleep (especially at low doses), appetite stimulation, and decreasing nausea.
Too much dopamine - Patient with Schizophrenia complains of constant auditory
hallucinations. Which neurotransmitter is associated with this?
Decreased serotonin, increased dopamine, and increased or decreased GABA -
Biochemical theory: dysregulation of these neurotransmitters can lead to psychosis?
Atypicals (second generation) - Which anti-psychotic class is more beneficial for both
positive and negative symptoms?
Typicals - (first generation)- targets Dopamine - Anti-psychotic class that targets positive
symptoms only
haloperidol (Haldol) and fluphenazine (Prolixin) - Typical (first generation) anti-psychotic
class examples- high potency, risk EPS
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) - Medications used to help reverse symptoms of EPS?
propranolol (Inderal) - Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist effective for neuroleptic-
induced akathisia and lithium induced tremor.
clozapine (Clozaril) - neutropenia risk - Atypical anti-psychotic requiring monitoring via
CBC for agranulocytosis throughout treatment? May worsen metabolic syndrome risks in some
pt's. Cigarette smoke can decrease drug levels. Abrupt d/c can cause rebound psychosis. Gold
standard for treatment refractory schizophrenia / schizoaffective disorder. Monitor for signs of
infection.
1500 microL - Lowest neutrophil count when taking clozapine?
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Muscular rigidity-dystonia, akinesia (discoordination),
mutism, obtundation, agitation in patient on antipsychotic medication are signs of?
Stop meds, seek emergency care; supportive measures: fluids, lower fever, labs-CPK increased,
Meds: dantrolene, bromocriptine (Parlodel), amantadine - Treatment for Neuroleptic
Malignant Syndrome
, Risperidone (Risperdal) side effects: - Atypical antipsychotic most associated with
increased prolactin levels ( SX: breast growth, lactation, sexual side effects); also sedating,
causes weight gain, risk diabetes, dyslipidemia, EPS risk (dose dependent)
Start at 25 mg for 2 weeks then increase to 50mg to decrease chance of rash - You plan to
start lamotrigine (Lamictal) on a patient not on valproic acid (Depakote). What is starting dose
and why?
Steven Johnson Syndrome - If a pt is on valproic acid (Depakote) and lamotrigine
(Lamictal) concurrently. What adverse affect risk is increased?
valproic acid (Depakote) - Which mood stabilizer can worsen weight gain
Carbamazepine decreases oral contraception hormone
levels (d/t CYP450). - Education for pt. taking oral contraception when starting
carbamazapine?
4-12mg/L - Normal plasma levels for carbamazapine?
Lithium toxicity symptoms - Pt has ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech, muscle weakness r/t
which mood stabilizer with narrow therapeutic index
lurasidone (Latuda) - Which anti-psychotic is less likely to cause weight gain and
metabolic issues?
olanzapine (Zyprexa) - Atypical antipsychotic most likely to cause weight gain and
metabolic issues?
ziprasidone (Geodon) - Which antipsychotic medication does NOT come in a long-acting
(injection) form?
Addiction - Compulsive drug craving, seeking, use that persists despite negative
consequences?
Dopamine - Which neurotransmitter is implicated in substance use disorders?
Cage (Cut down? Annoyed by others? Guilty? Eye Opener?) , CIWA (Clinical Institute Withdrawal
Assessment) - What questionnaire can be used to determine alcohol dependence?
Alcohol Withdrawal?
No more than 4 drinks on one occasion or 14 per week for males
3 or less on one occasion or 7/week for women
Verified, Graded, and Pass Guaranteed
norepinephrine and serotonin - Decreased levels of these neurotransmitters are
theorized to contribute to depression and anxiety?
2 years - Length of time dysthymia symptoms must be present
buspirone (Buspar) - Non-addictive alternative to benzodiazepines for anxiety
tyramine (derivative from amino acid tyrosine)
Hypertensive crisis - Substance to avoid when taking MAOI's and why?
paroxetine (Paxil) - SSRI with shorter half-life
needs to be tapered to prevent discontinuation syndrome.
Discontinuation Syndrome (flu-like, neuralgic w/d sx) - Patient at risk for if they suddenly
stop taking or miss doses of venlafaxine (Effexor)?
bupropion (Wellbutrin) - anti-depressant is contraindicated with seizure disorder,
anorexia, bulimia?
SSRI's - First line treatment for depression and anxiety?
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially life-threatening syndrome precipitated by the use of
antidepressants &/or CAMs (samE, St. John's Wort)?
lorazepam (Ativan) - Short acting Benzo safest for use in elderly with dementia or PRN
use, also for alcohol w/d sx?
Seizure - Abruptly stopping Benzodiazapines can lead to what?
propranolol (Inderal) - Beta Blocker used for anxiety, restlessness, agitation, and
performance anxiety prn?
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - Exposure to trauma, negative mood, irritability, sleep
issues, flashbacks lasting more than 1 month?
prazosin (Minipress) - Blood pressure medication believed to block effects of adrenaline
and suppress nightmares?
,add bupropion (Wellbutrin) - Patient who is stable, complains of decreased sex drive
from sertraline (Zoloft), possible solution?
mirtazapine (Remeron) - Serotonin, norepinephrine receptor antagonist antidepressant
that can help with sleep (especially at low doses), appetite stimulation, and decreasing nausea.
Too much dopamine - Patient with Schizophrenia complains of constant auditory
hallucinations. Which neurotransmitter is associated with this?
Decreased serotonin, increased dopamine, and increased or decreased GABA -
Biochemical theory: dysregulation of these neurotransmitters can lead to psychosis?
Atypicals (second generation) - Which anti-psychotic class is more beneficial for both
positive and negative symptoms?
Typicals - (first generation)- targets Dopamine - Anti-psychotic class that targets positive
symptoms only
haloperidol (Haldol) and fluphenazine (Prolixin) - Typical (first generation) anti-psychotic
class examples- high potency, risk EPS
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) - Medications used to help reverse symptoms of EPS?
propranolol (Inderal) - Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist effective for neuroleptic-
induced akathisia and lithium induced tremor.
clozapine (Clozaril) - neutropenia risk - Atypical anti-psychotic requiring monitoring via
CBC for agranulocytosis throughout treatment? May worsen metabolic syndrome risks in some
pt's. Cigarette smoke can decrease drug levels. Abrupt d/c can cause rebound psychosis. Gold
standard for treatment refractory schizophrenia / schizoaffective disorder. Monitor for signs of
infection.
1500 microL - Lowest neutrophil count when taking clozapine?
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Muscular rigidity-dystonia, akinesia (discoordination),
mutism, obtundation, agitation in patient on antipsychotic medication are signs of?
Stop meds, seek emergency care; supportive measures: fluids, lower fever, labs-CPK increased,
Meds: dantrolene, bromocriptine (Parlodel), amantadine - Treatment for Neuroleptic
Malignant Syndrome
, Risperidone (Risperdal) side effects: - Atypical antipsychotic most associated with
increased prolactin levels ( SX: breast growth, lactation, sexual side effects); also sedating,
causes weight gain, risk diabetes, dyslipidemia, EPS risk (dose dependent)
Start at 25 mg for 2 weeks then increase to 50mg to decrease chance of rash - You plan to
start lamotrigine (Lamictal) on a patient not on valproic acid (Depakote). What is starting dose
and why?
Steven Johnson Syndrome - If a pt is on valproic acid (Depakote) and lamotrigine
(Lamictal) concurrently. What adverse affect risk is increased?
valproic acid (Depakote) - Which mood stabilizer can worsen weight gain
Carbamazepine decreases oral contraception hormone
levels (d/t CYP450). - Education for pt. taking oral contraception when starting
carbamazapine?
4-12mg/L - Normal plasma levels for carbamazapine?
Lithium toxicity symptoms - Pt has ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech, muscle weakness r/t
which mood stabilizer with narrow therapeutic index
lurasidone (Latuda) - Which anti-psychotic is less likely to cause weight gain and
metabolic issues?
olanzapine (Zyprexa) - Atypical antipsychotic most likely to cause weight gain and
metabolic issues?
ziprasidone (Geodon) - Which antipsychotic medication does NOT come in a long-acting
(injection) form?
Addiction - Compulsive drug craving, seeking, use that persists despite negative
consequences?
Dopamine - Which neurotransmitter is implicated in substance use disorders?
Cage (Cut down? Annoyed by others? Guilty? Eye Opener?) , CIWA (Clinical Institute Withdrawal
Assessment) - What questionnaire can be used to determine alcohol dependence?
Alcohol Withdrawal?
No more than 4 drinks on one occasion or 14 per week for males
3 or less on one occasion or 7/week for women
