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HESI Entrance Exam Study guide 100%
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Body planes - ANS imaginary lines used for reference; they include the median plane, the
coronal plane, and the transverse plane.
Median Plane - ANS divides the body into right and left halves. Also called the midsagittal
plane.
Planes of the Body - ANS ...
Coronal Plane - ANS divides the body into front and rear sections. Also called the frontal
plane.
Frontal plane - ANS divides the body into front and rear sections. Also called the coronal
plane.
Horizontal Plane - ANS divides the body into a superior (or upper) and an inferior (or lower)
section. Also called the transverse plane.
Median Plane - ANS divides the body into right and left halves. Also called the midsagittal
plane.
Midsagittal Plane - ANS divides the body into right and left halves. Also called the median
plane.
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Transverse Plane - ANS divides the body into a superior (or upper) and an inferior (or lower)
section. Also called the horizontal plane.
Direction and Location - ANS ...
Anterior - ANS front side of the body, also known as ventral.
Caudal - ANS in quadrapeds, the tail end [see inferior].
Cranial - ANS above or near the head, also known as superior.
Distal - ANS farthest end from the trunk or head.
Dorsal - ANS back side of the body, also known as the posterior.
Inferior - ANS below also, toward the feet.
Infra- - ANS prefix meaning below or under.
Lateral - ANS away from the midline.
Medial - ANS toward the midline.
Posterior - ANS back side of the body, also known as the dorsal.
Proximal - ANS closest part nearest the trunk or head.
Superior - ANS above or near the head, also known as cranial.
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Supra- - ANS prefix meaning above or over.
Ventral - ANS front side of the body, also known as anterior.
Parts of the Human Skull - ANS ...
Calvarium - ANS includes the brain case.
Cranium - ANS includes the face and the calvarium.
Mandible - ANS the lower jaw.
Skull - ANS includes both the cranium and mandible.
Bones of the Skull - ANS ...
Ethmoid bone - ANS sieve-like spongy bone located in the anterior part of the floor of the
cranium between the orbits. The ethmoid is the principal supporting structure of the nasal
cavity.
Frontal bone - ANS forms the forehead, the roofs of the orbits, and most of the anterior part
of the cranial floor.
Inferior Nasal Conchae - ANS one of three scroll-like bones that project from the lateral wall
of the nasal cavity. The inferior nasal conchae articulate with the ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal and
paltine bones and form the lower part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
Lacrimal bone - ANS a thin scalelike bone, roughly resembling a fingernail in size and shape,
at the anterior part of the medial wall of the orbit, articulating with the frontal and ethmoidal
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bones and the maxilla and inferior nasal concha. The lacrimal bone, the smallest and most
fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. It has two
surfaces and four borders.
Mandible - ANS the bone forming the lower jaw; the largest and strongest bone of the face,
presenting a body and a pair of rami, which articulate with the skull at the tempromandibular
joints.
Maxillae - ANS paired bones uniting to form the upper jawbone. The maxillae articulate with
every bone of the face except the mandible, or lower jawbone. The maxilla (plural: maxillae),
also known as the mustache bone, is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form
the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two halves at
the mental symphysis. Sometimes (e.g. in bony fish), the maxilla is sometimes called "upper
maxilla", with the mandible being the "lower maxilla". Conversely, in birds the upper jaw is
often called "upper mandible".
Nasal bone - ANS small oblong bones that meet at the middle and superior part of the face.
Their fusion forms the superior part of the bridge of the nose.
Occipital bone - ANS a single trapezoid-shaped bone situated at the posterior and inferior
part of the cranium. The occipital bone forms the back part of the skull and the base of the
cranium. It joins with the parietal and temporal bones. In the center, underside (inferior)
portion of the cranium, there is a large opening called the foramen magnum (fig. 3-5), through
which nerve fibers from the brain pass and enter into the spinal cord. Figure 3-4.—Temporal
bone. 3-2
Palatine bone - ANS a bone of extremely irregular form on each side of the skull that is
situated in the posterior part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process
of the sphenoid bone and that consists of a horizontal plate which joins the bone of the
opposite side and forms the back part of the hard palate and a vertical plate which is extended
into three processes and helps to form the floor of the orbit, the outer wall of the nasal cavity,
and several adjoining parts called also palate bone palatine. One of two irregularly shaped
bones (L-shaped) forming the posterior part of the hard palate, the lateral wall of the nasal
fossa between the medial pterygoid plate and the maxilla, and the posterior part of the floor of
the orbit. The posterior part of the hard palate, which separates the nasal cavity from the oral
cavity, is formed by the horizontal plates.
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HESI Entrance Exam Study guide 100%
Verified
Body planes - ANS imaginary lines used for reference; they include the median plane, the
coronal plane, and the transverse plane.
Median Plane - ANS divides the body into right and left halves. Also called the midsagittal
plane.
Planes of the Body - ANS ...
Coronal Plane - ANS divides the body into front and rear sections. Also called the frontal
plane.
Frontal plane - ANS divides the body into front and rear sections. Also called the coronal
plane.
Horizontal Plane - ANS divides the body into a superior (or upper) and an inferior (or lower)
section. Also called the transverse plane.
Median Plane - ANS divides the body into right and left halves. Also called the midsagittal
plane.
Midsagittal Plane - ANS divides the body into right and left halves. Also called the median
plane.
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Transverse Plane - ANS divides the body into a superior (or upper) and an inferior (or lower)
section. Also called the horizontal plane.
Direction and Location - ANS ...
Anterior - ANS front side of the body, also known as ventral.
Caudal - ANS in quadrapeds, the tail end [see inferior].
Cranial - ANS above or near the head, also known as superior.
Distal - ANS farthest end from the trunk or head.
Dorsal - ANS back side of the body, also known as the posterior.
Inferior - ANS below also, toward the feet.
Infra- - ANS prefix meaning below or under.
Lateral - ANS away from the midline.
Medial - ANS toward the midline.
Posterior - ANS back side of the body, also known as the dorsal.
Proximal - ANS closest part nearest the trunk or head.
Superior - ANS above or near the head, also known as cranial.
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Supra- - ANS prefix meaning above or over.
Ventral - ANS front side of the body, also known as anterior.
Parts of the Human Skull - ANS ...
Calvarium - ANS includes the brain case.
Cranium - ANS includes the face and the calvarium.
Mandible - ANS the lower jaw.
Skull - ANS includes both the cranium and mandible.
Bones of the Skull - ANS ...
Ethmoid bone - ANS sieve-like spongy bone located in the anterior part of the floor of the
cranium between the orbits. The ethmoid is the principal supporting structure of the nasal
cavity.
Frontal bone - ANS forms the forehead, the roofs of the orbits, and most of the anterior part
of the cranial floor.
Inferior Nasal Conchae - ANS one of three scroll-like bones that project from the lateral wall
of the nasal cavity. The inferior nasal conchae articulate with the ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal and
paltine bones and form the lower part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
Lacrimal bone - ANS a thin scalelike bone, roughly resembling a fingernail in size and shape,
at the anterior part of the medial wall of the orbit, articulating with the frontal and ethmoidal
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bones and the maxilla and inferior nasal concha. The lacrimal bone, the smallest and most
fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. It has two
surfaces and four borders.
Mandible - ANS the bone forming the lower jaw; the largest and strongest bone of the face,
presenting a body and a pair of rami, which articulate with the skull at the tempromandibular
joints.
Maxillae - ANS paired bones uniting to form the upper jawbone. The maxillae articulate with
every bone of the face except the mandible, or lower jawbone. The maxilla (plural: maxillae),
also known as the mustache bone, is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form
the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two halves at
the mental symphysis. Sometimes (e.g. in bony fish), the maxilla is sometimes called "upper
maxilla", with the mandible being the "lower maxilla". Conversely, in birds the upper jaw is
often called "upper mandible".
Nasal bone - ANS small oblong bones that meet at the middle and superior part of the face.
Their fusion forms the superior part of the bridge of the nose.
Occipital bone - ANS a single trapezoid-shaped bone situated at the posterior and inferior
part of the cranium. The occipital bone forms the back part of the skull and the base of the
cranium. It joins with the parietal and temporal bones. In the center, underside (inferior)
portion of the cranium, there is a large opening called the foramen magnum (fig. 3-5), through
which nerve fibers from the brain pass and enter into the spinal cord. Figure 3-4.—Temporal
bone. 3-2
Palatine bone - ANS a bone of extremely irregular form on each side of the skull that is
situated in the posterior part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process
of the sphenoid bone and that consists of a horizontal plate which joins the bone of the
opposite side and forms the back part of the hard palate and a vertical plate which is extended
into three processes and helps to form the floor of the orbit, the outer wall of the nasal cavity,
and several adjoining parts called also palate bone palatine. One of two irregularly shaped
bones (L-shaped) forming the posterior part of the hard palate, the lateral wall of the nasal
fossa between the medial pterygoid plate and the maxilla, and the posterior part of the floor of
the orbit. The posterior part of the hard palate, which separates the nasal cavity from the oral
cavity, is formed by the horizontal plates.
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