CofC Geology 105 Final QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
1. Ambulocetus - ANSWER-- 49-48 mya
- Swimmer (alligator-ish); webbed fingers
- Walking whale (palms and toes)
- Lon snout
- Better swimmer than walker
2. Anthropoids - ANSWER-- Humans, apes and monkeys
- Round mind
- non-cellular ears
- flat face w/o muzzle
- dexterous palms
3. Baleen Whales - ANSWER-- No enamel
- Live in very cold water
- "Fringe" enamel = sucking in water and pushing it out with tongue
- Large bodies and head
4. By the cease of the Cretaceous, have been there many kinds of mammals? Explain -
ANSWER-Yes. Dinosaurs went extinct so mammals, with their numerous meals
alternatives, reproduced without fear of predators.
5. Compare the 2 lineages of Miocene Apes (Sivapithecus and Dryopithecus). - ANSWER--
Sivapithecus: frolicked foraging on the floor, powerful jaws, ancestor to
orangutans, sexual dimorphism
- Dryopithecus: ancestor to gorillas, parental care, herbivores, large canines for
intimidation, sexual dimorphism
6. Describe a typical Mesozoic mammal. - ANSWER-Mammals stayed small with
dinosaurs round.
- Scavengers
- Carnivores, omnivores, insectivores
- Flying
7. Describe an early horse with respect to legs, teeth, and weight loss program. -
ANSWER-- Small
- four ft
- browser: low crowned, pointed teeth, u-shaped jaws
- similar to modern goat
8. Describe some fundamental trends in horse evolution (legs, length, mouth, enamel).
Describe the changes to horse legs over the last 55 million years of evolution. -
ANSWER--Teeth have become excessive topped
- Narrower, U-fashioned mouths
- Forests to grasslands
- Longer legs with hoofs, reduction of digits
, 9. Describe the ancestor of Primates. - ANSWER-- Purgatorius
- small, tree-dwelling animals, insect hunters, fruit eaters
- lived in timber
- hands and ft for greedy
- shade vision
- socialization complements mind ability
10.Describe the earliest recognised mammal, Morganucodon. When did it live? What
became the dimensions, morphology, and ecology? - ANSWER-1st real mammal.
- Long snout
- Diversity of food picks
- Powerful, tiny jaws for crunching
- Tiny!
- Mammary glands
- Large brain
- Good listening to
11.Describe the results of the meteorite effect on Earth's structures and how those results
might have caused the mass extinction. - ANSWER-- Nuclear/perpetual night
- Global refrigeration monthly
- Delayed greenhouse warming
- Acid rain
All of this made the Earth very dark, from all of the debris in surroundings, which
stopped photosynthesis. This brought about a decrease in O2. Ocean and land
ecosystems collapse.
12.Discuss the characteristics that mark the genus Homo. What makes our species a
predominate pressure on Earth? - ANSWER-- Brian ability, lower in teeth and jaw
length
- huge pelvis
- lengthy distance on foot and going for walks
- shorter gut
- social and cooperative hunting, tool making and lack of frame hair
13.Discuss the evolution of whale listening to. How do cutting-edge whales hear? -
ANSWER-Echolocation: how they communicate
- Through jaw bones, transmits sound through vibrations.
14.Discuss the evolution of whales from land dwelling to aquatic animals. - ANSWER-forty
million years ago, Antarctic separation = greater glaciers = sea degree falls,
shallow seas cut back = whales cross into deeper water to find greater meals.
15.Discuss the bodily proof and the importance of an upright stance in hominids. -
ANSWER-- Bipedalism: discount of warmth pressure, strength efficient, better
imaginative and prescient, unfastened arms
- Evidence: Laetoli footprints of Australopithecus Afaransis
16.Discuss the stairs inside the transition from Therapsid reptiles to mammals. What have
been the primary innovations all through the transitions? Be sure to include changes to
the jaw/ears from reptiles to mammals. - ANSWER-Therapsid reptiles evolve
ANSWERS
1. Ambulocetus - ANSWER-- 49-48 mya
- Swimmer (alligator-ish); webbed fingers
- Walking whale (palms and toes)
- Lon snout
- Better swimmer than walker
2. Anthropoids - ANSWER-- Humans, apes and monkeys
- Round mind
- non-cellular ears
- flat face w/o muzzle
- dexterous palms
3. Baleen Whales - ANSWER-- No enamel
- Live in very cold water
- "Fringe" enamel = sucking in water and pushing it out with tongue
- Large bodies and head
4. By the cease of the Cretaceous, have been there many kinds of mammals? Explain -
ANSWER-Yes. Dinosaurs went extinct so mammals, with their numerous meals
alternatives, reproduced without fear of predators.
5. Compare the 2 lineages of Miocene Apes (Sivapithecus and Dryopithecus). - ANSWER--
Sivapithecus: frolicked foraging on the floor, powerful jaws, ancestor to
orangutans, sexual dimorphism
- Dryopithecus: ancestor to gorillas, parental care, herbivores, large canines for
intimidation, sexual dimorphism
6. Describe a typical Mesozoic mammal. - ANSWER-Mammals stayed small with
dinosaurs round.
- Scavengers
- Carnivores, omnivores, insectivores
- Flying
7. Describe an early horse with respect to legs, teeth, and weight loss program. -
ANSWER-- Small
- four ft
- browser: low crowned, pointed teeth, u-shaped jaws
- similar to modern goat
8. Describe some fundamental trends in horse evolution (legs, length, mouth, enamel).
Describe the changes to horse legs over the last 55 million years of evolution. -
ANSWER--Teeth have become excessive topped
- Narrower, U-fashioned mouths
- Forests to grasslands
- Longer legs with hoofs, reduction of digits
, 9. Describe the ancestor of Primates. - ANSWER-- Purgatorius
- small, tree-dwelling animals, insect hunters, fruit eaters
- lived in timber
- hands and ft for greedy
- shade vision
- socialization complements mind ability
10.Describe the earliest recognised mammal, Morganucodon. When did it live? What
became the dimensions, morphology, and ecology? - ANSWER-1st real mammal.
- Long snout
- Diversity of food picks
- Powerful, tiny jaws for crunching
- Tiny!
- Mammary glands
- Large brain
- Good listening to
11.Describe the results of the meteorite effect on Earth's structures and how those results
might have caused the mass extinction. - ANSWER-- Nuclear/perpetual night
- Global refrigeration monthly
- Delayed greenhouse warming
- Acid rain
All of this made the Earth very dark, from all of the debris in surroundings, which
stopped photosynthesis. This brought about a decrease in O2. Ocean and land
ecosystems collapse.
12.Discuss the characteristics that mark the genus Homo. What makes our species a
predominate pressure on Earth? - ANSWER-- Brian ability, lower in teeth and jaw
length
- huge pelvis
- lengthy distance on foot and going for walks
- shorter gut
- social and cooperative hunting, tool making and lack of frame hair
13.Discuss the evolution of whale listening to. How do cutting-edge whales hear? -
ANSWER-Echolocation: how they communicate
- Through jaw bones, transmits sound through vibrations.
14.Discuss the evolution of whales from land dwelling to aquatic animals. - ANSWER-forty
million years ago, Antarctic separation = greater glaciers = sea degree falls,
shallow seas cut back = whales cross into deeper water to find greater meals.
15.Discuss the bodily proof and the importance of an upright stance in hominids. -
ANSWER-- Bipedalism: discount of warmth pressure, strength efficient, better
imaginative and prescient, unfastened arms
- Evidence: Laetoli footprints of Australopithecus Afaransis
16.Discuss the stairs inside the transition from Therapsid reptiles to mammals. What have
been the primary innovations all through the transitions? Be sure to include changes to
the jaw/ears from reptiles to mammals. - ANSWER-Therapsid reptiles evolve
