BIOD351 Module 3 Cardiology & Nephrology
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
Which cardiac biomarker is considered the gold standard for the
early diagnosis of myocardial infarction?
A) Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)
B) Troponin I
C) Myoglobin
D) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Correct ANS:
B) Troponin I
Rationale:
©2025
,Troponin I is highly specific to cardiac muscle injury and rises
earlier than other biomarkers after myocardial infarction. Its high
sensitivity and specificity make it the gold standard in early MI
diagnosis.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The average arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle, which is
critical for assessing organ perfusion, is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Rationale:
MAP is the weighted average of systolic and diastolic blood
pressure and indicates the perfusion pressure delivered to organs.
It is a key parameter in assessing cardiovascular function.
---
©2025
, Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Atrial fibrillation is associated with a significantly
increased risk of thromboembolic events, particularly stroke, due
to ineffective atrial contractions.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Atrial fibrillation leads to poor atrial contraction and subsequent
blood stasis, increasing the risk of clot formation which may
embolize, especially to the cerebral circulation, resulting in
stroke.
---
Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all factors that can precipitate cardiogenic shock in the
context of acute myocardial infarction:
A) Extensive left ventricular dysfunction
©2025
, B) Severe arrhythmias
C) Hypovolemia due to dehydration
D) Acute mechanical complications such as ventricular septal
rupture
E) Right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary embolism
Correct ANS:
A, B, D
Rationale:
Cardiogenic shock in the setting of MI commonly results from
extensive left ventricular dysfunction, severe arrhythmias, or
acute mechanical complications (e.g., ventricular septal rupture).
Hypovolemia is more typical of hypovolemic shock, and right-
sided shock due to pulmonary embolism is categorized as
obstructive shock.
---
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
©2025
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
Which cardiac biomarker is considered the gold standard for the
early diagnosis of myocardial infarction?
A) Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)
B) Troponin I
C) Myoglobin
D) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Correct ANS:
B) Troponin I
Rationale:
©2025
,Troponin I is highly specific to cardiac muscle injury and rises
earlier than other biomarkers after myocardial infarction. Its high
sensitivity and specificity make it the gold standard in early MI
diagnosis.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The average arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle, which is
critical for assessing organ perfusion, is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Rationale:
MAP is the weighted average of systolic and diastolic blood
pressure and indicates the perfusion pressure delivered to organs.
It is a key parameter in assessing cardiovascular function.
---
©2025
, Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Atrial fibrillation is associated with a significantly
increased risk of thromboembolic events, particularly stroke, due
to ineffective atrial contractions.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Atrial fibrillation leads to poor atrial contraction and subsequent
blood stasis, increasing the risk of clot formation which may
embolize, especially to the cerebral circulation, resulting in
stroke.
---
Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all factors that can precipitate cardiogenic shock in the
context of acute myocardial infarction:
A) Extensive left ventricular dysfunction
©2025
, B) Severe arrhythmias
C) Hypovolemia due to dehydration
D) Acute mechanical complications such as ventricular septal
rupture
E) Right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary embolism
Correct ANS:
A, B, D
Rationale:
Cardiogenic shock in the setting of MI commonly results from
extensive left ventricular dysfunction, severe arrhythmias, or
acute mechanical complications (e.g., ventricular septal rupture).
Hypovolemia is more typical of hypovolemic shock, and right-
sided shock due to pulmonary embolism is categorized as
obstructive shock.
---
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
©2025
