LATEST 2024/2025 PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS REVISION QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+)

LATEST 2024/2025 PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS REVISION QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+) Psychological Science - RIGHT ANSWER -the study of the mind and how it works, why people think the way they do and feel the way they do Critical Thinking - RIGHT ANSWER -analyzing and deep thinking Confirmation Bias - RIGHT ANSWER -A tendency to search for information that confirms one's perceptions, look for evidence that proves our beliefs Hindsight Bias - RIGHT ANSWER -saying things like 'I knew that was going to happen' after the fact, because it seems so obvious that something like that would happen Heuristics - RIGHT ANSWER -taking mental shortcuts Illusory Correlation - RIGHT ANSWER -looking for a correlation where one does not exist Dunning-Kruger Effect - RIGHT ANSWER -teaching people specific skills to help them be more accurate in judging their performance Correlational Study - RIGHT ANSWER -a research method that describes and predicts how variables are naturally related in the real world, without any attempt by the researcher to alter them or assign causation between them Observational Study - RIGHT ANSWER -not affecting the study in any way or having any control over it, allowing it to play out naturally Survey/Self-report - RIGHT ANSWER -type of data collection where asked to provide information about yourself like using surveys Experiment - RIGHT ANSWER -doing something to test a theory, effecting variables and trying to get results Theory - RIGHT ANSWER -an explanation or model of how a phenomenon works, a model of interconnected ideas or concepts that explains what is observed and makes predictions about future events based on empirical evidence Hypothesis - RIGHT ANSWER -an 'if-then' statement, a specific, testable prediction narrower than the theory it is based on Variables (Independent, Dependent, Control) - RIGHT ANSWER -IV: the variable that is manipulated in a research study, DV: the variable that is measured in a research study, CV: participants in an experiment who receive no intervention or who receive an intervention unrelated to the independent variable being investigated Structuralism - RIGHT ANSWER -a method of interpretation and analysis focusing on relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system that reflect patterns underlying superficial diversity Functionalism - RIGHT ANSWER -an approach to psychology with a focus on adaptive function of mind and behavior Psychoanalysis - RIGHT ANSWER -a type of treatment based on the theory that our present is shaped by our past Behaviorism - RIGHT ANSWER -focuses on environmental influences on observable behaviors Gestalt Movement - RIGHT ANSWER -the whole of anything is greater than its parts Humanism - RIGHT ANSWER -a philosophy of life that considers the welfare of humankind to be of paramount importance Cognitivism - RIGHT ANSWER -a theory of learning that focuses on processes of the mind Primary Goals of (Psychological) Science - RIGHT ANSWER -Observe: watching what is going on and what is happening in the moment, Describe: noting what you are seeing in detail, Explain: writing about what you saw, the changes you saw and what caused that to happen, Predict: making a belief statement prior to the experiment, Control: having an effect on certain things Scientific Method (steps) - RIGHT ANSWER -Observe, Describe, Understand, Predict, Control Strengths and Weaknesses of Studies and Confidence in Results - RIGHT ANSWER -Making sure a study is reliable, constant over time, accurately measurable, accurate, valid, and identifying external factors that could affect the test