ARDMS Pediatric Review with Correct Answers
balance
equilibrium
muscle tone
Name the parts of the brainstem -
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
What structures connect the pons to the cerebrum? -
cerebral peduncles
Name the 4 ventricles of the brain -
2 lateral
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
What is the thin structure that separates the lateral ventricles? -
Septum pellucidum
Name the 4 segments of the lateral ventricles -
frontal horn
body
temporal horn
occipital horn
What structure divides the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles from the body of the lateral ventricles? -
Foramen of Monro
Describe the flow of CSF through the ventricles -
Foramen of Monro drains lat vents into 3rd vent -> Aqueduct of Sylvius connects 3rd and 4th vents
-> 4th vent drained by Foramina of Luschka and Magendie
CSF is produced by -
choroid plexus
There is NO choroid plexus in what portion of the ventricular system? -
Frontal and occipital horns
Terminal end of spinal cord: -
conus medullaris
What structure secures the lower end of the spinal cord? -
Filum terminalis
Nerve roots below the first lumbar vertebrae: -
Cauda equina
What amount of extra axial fluid is a common/normal finding in a newborn? -
3.3mm in SCW location
Name the 3 stages of brain development: -
, Cytogenesis
Histogenesis
Organogenesis
Describe a Grade I intracranial hemorrhage: -
Subependymal / germinal matrix hemorrhage
Describe a Grade II intracranial hemorrhage: -
Intraventricular hemorrhage
NO ventricular dilation
Describe a Grade III intracranial hemorrhage: -
Intraventricular hemorrhage
YES ventricular dilation
Describe a Grade IV intracranial hemorrhage: -
Intraventricular hemorrhage AND
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH)
What happens as a result of "Shaken baby" syndrome? -
Posterior fossa subdural hemorrhage
What is the congenital anomaly of the brain thought to be caused by bilateral ICA occlusions during fetal
development? -
Hydrancephaly
Hydrocephaly vs. Ventriculomegaly -
hydrocephaly is ventriculomegaly with increased ICP and head size
Cerebral edema vs. Encephalitis -
edema: increased brain echogenicity with "slit-like" ventricles
encephalitis: increased brain echogenicity
What is the failure of diverticulation of the Prosencephalon? -
Holoprosencephaly
3 types of Holoprosencephaly -
Alobar (most severe, no separation)
Lobar (partial separation)
Semilobar (more cerebral tissue)
ALL forms of Holoprosencephaly have absence of.... -
Septum pellucidum
Identification of the Septum pellucidum rules out.... -
Holoprosencephaly
What structure runs along the lateral margin of the thalami? -
Sylvian fissure
What vessel is seen pulsating in the sylvian fissure? -
MCA
Which syndrome is associated with Aniridia? -
WAGR (wilm's tumor, aniridia, GU anomalies, retardation)
WAGR syndrome -
, Wilm's tumor
Aniridia (absence of iris)
GU anomalies
Retardation (mental and motor)
Most common Arnold-Chiari malformation -
Chiari II
A "batwing" configuration of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricle indicates: -
Chiari malformation
Dilated, fluid filled central sinus of the spinal cord -
Hydromelia
(Syringomelia)
Fatty filum vs. Filar lipoma -
fatty filum - normal variant
filar lipoma - >2mm causing mass effect (associated w/ tethered cord)
2 types of caudal regression -
Sacral agenesis (mildest)
Sirenomelia (severe)
Absent gyri/sulci indicates: -
Lissencephaly ("smooth" brain)
Which fontanelle is best for imaging the occipital horns of lateral ventricles? -
posterior fontanelle
Where is the germinal matrix located? -
floor of lateral ventricles
Which veins join to form the vein of Galen? -
internal cerebral veins
"Sunburst" sign indicates: -
agenesis of corpus callosum
Fetal persistence of the thyroglossal duct causes: -
pyramidal loe
What causes Cretinism? -
congenital hypothyroidism
Cretinism -
a condition characterized by physical deformity and learning disabilities (caused by congenital
thyroid deficiency)
"Thyroid inferno" indicates: -
Graves disease
3 types of Thyroiditis -
Hashimoto's
DeQuervain's
Bacterial
What type of Thyroiditis is caused by a viral infection? -
balance
equilibrium
muscle tone
Name the parts of the brainstem -
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
What structures connect the pons to the cerebrum? -
cerebral peduncles
Name the 4 ventricles of the brain -
2 lateral
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
What is the thin structure that separates the lateral ventricles? -
Septum pellucidum
Name the 4 segments of the lateral ventricles -
frontal horn
body
temporal horn
occipital horn
What structure divides the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles from the body of the lateral ventricles? -
Foramen of Monro
Describe the flow of CSF through the ventricles -
Foramen of Monro drains lat vents into 3rd vent -> Aqueduct of Sylvius connects 3rd and 4th vents
-> 4th vent drained by Foramina of Luschka and Magendie
CSF is produced by -
choroid plexus
There is NO choroid plexus in what portion of the ventricular system? -
Frontal and occipital horns
Terminal end of spinal cord: -
conus medullaris
What structure secures the lower end of the spinal cord? -
Filum terminalis
Nerve roots below the first lumbar vertebrae: -
Cauda equina
What amount of extra axial fluid is a common/normal finding in a newborn? -
3.3mm in SCW location
Name the 3 stages of brain development: -
, Cytogenesis
Histogenesis
Organogenesis
Describe a Grade I intracranial hemorrhage: -
Subependymal / germinal matrix hemorrhage
Describe a Grade II intracranial hemorrhage: -
Intraventricular hemorrhage
NO ventricular dilation
Describe a Grade III intracranial hemorrhage: -
Intraventricular hemorrhage
YES ventricular dilation
Describe a Grade IV intracranial hemorrhage: -
Intraventricular hemorrhage AND
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH)
What happens as a result of "Shaken baby" syndrome? -
Posterior fossa subdural hemorrhage
What is the congenital anomaly of the brain thought to be caused by bilateral ICA occlusions during fetal
development? -
Hydrancephaly
Hydrocephaly vs. Ventriculomegaly -
hydrocephaly is ventriculomegaly with increased ICP and head size
Cerebral edema vs. Encephalitis -
edema: increased brain echogenicity with "slit-like" ventricles
encephalitis: increased brain echogenicity
What is the failure of diverticulation of the Prosencephalon? -
Holoprosencephaly
3 types of Holoprosencephaly -
Alobar (most severe, no separation)
Lobar (partial separation)
Semilobar (more cerebral tissue)
ALL forms of Holoprosencephaly have absence of.... -
Septum pellucidum
Identification of the Septum pellucidum rules out.... -
Holoprosencephaly
What structure runs along the lateral margin of the thalami? -
Sylvian fissure
What vessel is seen pulsating in the sylvian fissure? -
MCA
Which syndrome is associated with Aniridia? -
WAGR (wilm's tumor, aniridia, GU anomalies, retardation)
WAGR syndrome -
, Wilm's tumor
Aniridia (absence of iris)
GU anomalies
Retardation (mental and motor)
Most common Arnold-Chiari malformation -
Chiari II
A "batwing" configuration of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricle indicates: -
Chiari malformation
Dilated, fluid filled central sinus of the spinal cord -
Hydromelia
(Syringomelia)
Fatty filum vs. Filar lipoma -
fatty filum - normal variant
filar lipoma - >2mm causing mass effect (associated w/ tethered cord)
2 types of caudal regression -
Sacral agenesis (mildest)
Sirenomelia (severe)
Absent gyri/sulci indicates: -
Lissencephaly ("smooth" brain)
Which fontanelle is best for imaging the occipital horns of lateral ventricles? -
posterior fontanelle
Where is the germinal matrix located? -
floor of lateral ventricles
Which veins join to form the vein of Galen? -
internal cerebral veins
"Sunburst" sign indicates: -
agenesis of corpus callosum
Fetal persistence of the thyroglossal duct causes: -
pyramidal loe
What causes Cretinism? -
congenital hypothyroidism
Cretinism -
a condition characterized by physical deformity and learning disabilities (caused by congenital
thyroid deficiency)
"Thyroid inferno" indicates: -
Graves disease
3 types of Thyroiditis -
Hashimoto's
DeQuervain's
Bacterial
What type of Thyroiditis is caused by a viral infection? -
