NUR 1141 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED OPTIONS
Patient Education for PPIs ANSW✅✅Take before meals, preferably in the morning; avoid NSAIDs
and other ulcerogenic medications; do not abruptly discontinue; taper off to avoid rebound acid
hypersecretion.
Lactulose Indications ANSW✅✅Used to treat hepatic encephalopathy by reducing blood ammonia
levels; also used as an osmotic laxative to relieve constipation.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ANSW✅✅Donepezil (Aricept), Rivastigmine (Exelon): Inhibit
acetylcholinesterase, improving cholinergic function.
NMDA Antagonists ANSW✅✅Memantine: Modulates glutamate activity to reduce neuronal
damage.
Nonpharmacologic Management ANSW✅✅Cognitive stimulation and therapy, maintaining a
routine to reduce confusion.
Cholinergic Crisis ANSW✅✅Caused by excessive acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Symptoms:
Muscle weakness, respiratory distress, increased salivation, miosis. Diagnosis: Worsened symptoms
after administration of edrophonium.
Myasthenic Crisis ANSW✅✅Triggered by infection, underdosing of medication, stress, or
temperature extremes. Symptoms: Generalized muscle weakness, respiratory difficulty. Diagnosis:
Improvement with edrophonium indicates myasthenic crisis.
Treatment for Myasthenic Crisis ANSW✅✅Neostigmine or pyridostigmine (AChE inhibitors).
Treatment for Cholinergic Crisis ANSW✅✅Atropine to counteract excess acetylcholine.
Triggers for Myasthenic Crisis ANSW✅✅Infection, stress, medications (e.g., aminoglycosides,
fluoroquinolones), surgery.
, Status Epilepticus Definition ANSW✅✅Continuous or recurrent seizures lasting more than 5
minutes without recovery of consciousness between episodes.
First-line Treatment for Status Epilepticus ANSW✅✅IV benzodiazepines (lorazepam or diazepam).
Second-line Treatment for Status Epilepticus ANSW✅✅IV phenytoin or fosphenytoin to prevent
further seizures.
Supportive Care for Status Epilepticus ANSW✅✅Maintain airway, oxygenation, and monitor vitals.
Address underlying causes (e.g., hypoglycemia, infections).
Parkinson's Disease Cues and Clues ANSW✅✅Tremors (e.g., pill-rolling), bradykinesia, muscle
rigidity, postural instability, shuffling gait, masked facial expression.
Levodopa-Carbidopa ANSW✅✅Restores dopamine in the brain.
Dopamine Agonists ANSW✅✅Bromocriptine, pramipexole.
MAO-B Inhibitors ANSW✅✅Selegiline (slows dopamine breakdown).
Anticholinergics for Parkinson's ANSW✅✅Benztropine (for tremors and rigidity).
Administration of Anticholinergics ANSW✅✅Take with low-protein meals to enhance absorption.
Avoid abrupt discontinuation to prevent rebound symptoms.
Benztropine Side Effects ANSW✅✅Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention,
tachycardia.
Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease ANSW✅✅Decrease in dopamine production causes an
imbalance with acetylcholine, leading to motor dysfunction.
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED OPTIONS
Patient Education for PPIs ANSW✅✅Take before meals, preferably in the morning; avoid NSAIDs
and other ulcerogenic medications; do not abruptly discontinue; taper off to avoid rebound acid
hypersecretion.
Lactulose Indications ANSW✅✅Used to treat hepatic encephalopathy by reducing blood ammonia
levels; also used as an osmotic laxative to relieve constipation.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ANSW✅✅Donepezil (Aricept), Rivastigmine (Exelon): Inhibit
acetylcholinesterase, improving cholinergic function.
NMDA Antagonists ANSW✅✅Memantine: Modulates glutamate activity to reduce neuronal
damage.
Nonpharmacologic Management ANSW✅✅Cognitive stimulation and therapy, maintaining a
routine to reduce confusion.
Cholinergic Crisis ANSW✅✅Caused by excessive acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Symptoms:
Muscle weakness, respiratory distress, increased salivation, miosis. Diagnosis: Worsened symptoms
after administration of edrophonium.
Myasthenic Crisis ANSW✅✅Triggered by infection, underdosing of medication, stress, or
temperature extremes. Symptoms: Generalized muscle weakness, respiratory difficulty. Diagnosis:
Improvement with edrophonium indicates myasthenic crisis.
Treatment for Myasthenic Crisis ANSW✅✅Neostigmine or pyridostigmine (AChE inhibitors).
Treatment for Cholinergic Crisis ANSW✅✅Atropine to counteract excess acetylcholine.
Triggers for Myasthenic Crisis ANSW✅✅Infection, stress, medications (e.g., aminoglycosides,
fluoroquinolones), surgery.
, Status Epilepticus Definition ANSW✅✅Continuous or recurrent seizures lasting more than 5
minutes without recovery of consciousness between episodes.
First-line Treatment for Status Epilepticus ANSW✅✅IV benzodiazepines (lorazepam or diazepam).
Second-line Treatment for Status Epilepticus ANSW✅✅IV phenytoin or fosphenytoin to prevent
further seizures.
Supportive Care for Status Epilepticus ANSW✅✅Maintain airway, oxygenation, and monitor vitals.
Address underlying causes (e.g., hypoglycemia, infections).
Parkinson's Disease Cues and Clues ANSW✅✅Tremors (e.g., pill-rolling), bradykinesia, muscle
rigidity, postural instability, shuffling gait, masked facial expression.
Levodopa-Carbidopa ANSW✅✅Restores dopamine in the brain.
Dopamine Agonists ANSW✅✅Bromocriptine, pramipexole.
MAO-B Inhibitors ANSW✅✅Selegiline (slows dopamine breakdown).
Anticholinergics for Parkinson's ANSW✅✅Benztropine (for tremors and rigidity).
Administration of Anticholinergics ANSW✅✅Take with low-protein meals to enhance absorption.
Avoid abrupt discontinuation to prevent rebound symptoms.
Benztropine Side Effects ANSW✅✅Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention,
tachycardia.
Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease ANSW✅✅Decrease in dopamine production causes an
imbalance with acetylcholine, leading to motor dysfunction.
