Nutrition Through the Lifecycle Final
Exam Questions And Answers.
Activity Thermogenesis - Answer Energy expended through physical activity and nonexercise
activity such as fidgeting
Antherogenic Diet - Answer A pattern of eating and food choices that promotes deposits of
plaque in arterial walls and contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease.
Atherosclerosis - Answer A disease of the arterial blood vessels (arteries) in which the walls of
the blood vessels become thickened and hardened by cholesterol-containing plaque.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Answer Amount of energy required for cellular metabolic
processes and function of organs. It is measured in an individual who has been awake less than
30 minutes and is still at absolute rest, has fasted for 10 hours or more, and is in a quiet room
with normal, comfortable temperature.
Carcinogenesis - Answer The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.
It includes activation, initiation, promotion, progression, and invasion and metastasis. Dietary
constituents can modify the process at several points along the continuum.
Carcinogenic Diet - Answer A pattern of eating and food choices that increases the risk of
some cancers.
Cardio-Protective Diet - Answer A diet that emphasizes plant foods (vegetables, fruits, grains,
especially whole grains, and legumes), appropriate fats, and fish, along with smaller amounts of
lean meat and dairy.
Chronic Diseases - Answer Slow-developing, long-lasting diseases that are not contagious (e.g.,
heart disease, cancer, diabetes).
Climacteric Change - Answer Point in life where crucial changes occur; refers to the loss of
reproductive activity, marked by menopause in women and reduction in testosterone
production in men.
,Comorbidity - Answer The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the
primary disease or disorder.
Continuum of Nutritional Health - Answer Stages of nutritional status that range from optimal
to unable to sustain life. The stages are resilient and healthy, altered substrate availability,
nonspecific signs and symptoms, clinical conditions, chronic conditions, and terminal illness and
death.
Dietary Guidance - Answer Providing concise recommendations and consumer information to
guide daily food choices.
Dietary Guidance System - Answer A comprehensive set of dietary and lifestyle
recommendations, based on the latest scientific information, that are developed to promote
heath and prevent disease or its complications, ensure adequate intake of nutrients of concern,
and offer guidance on what and how much to eat.
Dietary Guidelines - Answer A report, including scientific information and rationale, on dietary
information and guidelines for the general public or a defined subpopulation. The guidelines
provide a cohesive set of recommendations that are adopted by the government or
organization. They represent policy and are integrated into food, nutrition, and health
programs.
Dyslipidemia - Answer Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides resulting from
altered lipid metabolism.
Eating Competence Model - Answer A new paradigm for nutrition education and dietary
guidance that considers four components: eating attitudes, food acceptance, regulation of food
intake, and eating context. A competent eater is positive, comfortable, and flexible with eating
and is matter-of-fact and reliable about getting enough to eat of enjoyable, nourishing food.
Energy Balance - Answer An equilibrium state in which the number of calories consumed
equals the number of calories expended.
Ergogenic Aids - Answer Nutritional products that are purported to enhance performance.
Examples range from caffeine and protein powders to sports drinks and energy gels and bars.
, Fermentable Fiber - Answer Type of fiber that enters the large colon undigested where it is
acted upon by the bacteria of the gut. Formerly called insoluble fiber.
Functional fiber - Answer Isolated or purified carbohydrates that are not digested and
absorbed in the small intestines and that have beneficial physiological effects in humans.
Functional Foods - Answer A food product that has a physiological benefit or reduces the risk
of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions.
Health Disparity - Answer Significant differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and
burden of disease and other adverse conditions that exist among specific population groups.
Health disparity is closely linked to social and economic disadvantage.
Healthy Weight - Answer A weight range compatible with normal function and long, healthy
life.
HMG-CoA Reductase - Answer The primary enzyme in the metabolic pathway that produces
cholesterol. Statins lower blood cholesterol because they slow the action of HMG-CoA
Hyperinsulinemia - Answer A state of excess levels of insulin circulating in the blood. It is
common among persons with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and is caused by the
pancreas trying to compensate for insulin resistance of cells.
Insulin Resistance - Answer A condition in which cells "resist" the action of insulin in
facilitating the passage of glucose into cells.
Lean Body Mass - Answer Sum of fat-free body tissue: muscle, mineral (as in bone), and water.
Meal Replacement - Answer a nutritionally balanced beverage, meal bar, or packaged meal
used to replace a meal in weight management
Metabolic Syndrome - Answer A constellation of metabolic abnormalities that increases the
risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterized by insulin resistance,
abdominal obesity, high blood pressure and triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol, and
elevated fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Also called Syndrome X, insulin-
resistance syndrome, and the dysmetabolic syndrome.
Exam Questions And Answers.
Activity Thermogenesis - Answer Energy expended through physical activity and nonexercise
activity such as fidgeting
Antherogenic Diet - Answer A pattern of eating and food choices that promotes deposits of
plaque in arterial walls and contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease.
Atherosclerosis - Answer A disease of the arterial blood vessels (arteries) in which the walls of
the blood vessels become thickened and hardened by cholesterol-containing plaque.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Answer Amount of energy required for cellular metabolic
processes and function of organs. It is measured in an individual who has been awake less than
30 minutes and is still at absolute rest, has fasted for 10 hours or more, and is in a quiet room
with normal, comfortable temperature.
Carcinogenesis - Answer The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.
It includes activation, initiation, promotion, progression, and invasion and metastasis. Dietary
constituents can modify the process at several points along the continuum.
Carcinogenic Diet - Answer A pattern of eating and food choices that increases the risk of
some cancers.
Cardio-Protective Diet - Answer A diet that emphasizes plant foods (vegetables, fruits, grains,
especially whole grains, and legumes), appropriate fats, and fish, along with smaller amounts of
lean meat and dairy.
Chronic Diseases - Answer Slow-developing, long-lasting diseases that are not contagious (e.g.,
heart disease, cancer, diabetes).
Climacteric Change - Answer Point in life where crucial changes occur; refers to the loss of
reproductive activity, marked by menopause in women and reduction in testosterone
production in men.
,Comorbidity - Answer The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the
primary disease or disorder.
Continuum of Nutritional Health - Answer Stages of nutritional status that range from optimal
to unable to sustain life. The stages are resilient and healthy, altered substrate availability,
nonspecific signs and symptoms, clinical conditions, chronic conditions, and terminal illness and
death.
Dietary Guidance - Answer Providing concise recommendations and consumer information to
guide daily food choices.
Dietary Guidance System - Answer A comprehensive set of dietary and lifestyle
recommendations, based on the latest scientific information, that are developed to promote
heath and prevent disease or its complications, ensure adequate intake of nutrients of concern,
and offer guidance on what and how much to eat.
Dietary Guidelines - Answer A report, including scientific information and rationale, on dietary
information and guidelines for the general public or a defined subpopulation. The guidelines
provide a cohesive set of recommendations that are adopted by the government or
organization. They represent policy and are integrated into food, nutrition, and health
programs.
Dyslipidemia - Answer Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides resulting from
altered lipid metabolism.
Eating Competence Model - Answer A new paradigm for nutrition education and dietary
guidance that considers four components: eating attitudes, food acceptance, regulation of food
intake, and eating context. A competent eater is positive, comfortable, and flexible with eating
and is matter-of-fact and reliable about getting enough to eat of enjoyable, nourishing food.
Energy Balance - Answer An equilibrium state in which the number of calories consumed
equals the number of calories expended.
Ergogenic Aids - Answer Nutritional products that are purported to enhance performance.
Examples range from caffeine and protein powders to sports drinks and energy gels and bars.
, Fermentable Fiber - Answer Type of fiber that enters the large colon undigested where it is
acted upon by the bacteria of the gut. Formerly called insoluble fiber.
Functional fiber - Answer Isolated or purified carbohydrates that are not digested and
absorbed in the small intestines and that have beneficial physiological effects in humans.
Functional Foods - Answer A food product that has a physiological benefit or reduces the risk
of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions.
Health Disparity - Answer Significant differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and
burden of disease and other adverse conditions that exist among specific population groups.
Health disparity is closely linked to social and economic disadvantage.
Healthy Weight - Answer A weight range compatible with normal function and long, healthy
life.
HMG-CoA Reductase - Answer The primary enzyme in the metabolic pathway that produces
cholesterol. Statins lower blood cholesterol because they slow the action of HMG-CoA
Hyperinsulinemia - Answer A state of excess levels of insulin circulating in the blood. It is
common among persons with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and is caused by the
pancreas trying to compensate for insulin resistance of cells.
Insulin Resistance - Answer A condition in which cells "resist" the action of insulin in
facilitating the passage of glucose into cells.
Lean Body Mass - Answer Sum of fat-free body tissue: muscle, mineral (as in bone), and water.
Meal Replacement - Answer a nutritionally balanced beverage, meal bar, or packaged meal
used to replace a meal in weight management
Metabolic Syndrome - Answer A constellation of metabolic abnormalities that increases the
risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterized by insulin resistance,
abdominal obesity, high blood pressure and triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol, and
elevated fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Also called Syndrome X, insulin-
resistance syndrome, and the dysmetabolic syndrome.
