(Please use text book and ATI book)
(Make the text red after the question is answered)
4: Health Promotion and Risk Reduction
10: Policy, Politics, Legislation, and community health
11: The health care system
12: Economic of Health care
13: Cultural diversity and community health nursing
14: Environmental health
19: Senior Health
21: Populations affected by disabilities
23: Homeless population
24: Rural and Migrant Health
25: Population affected by mental health
28: Violence
Exam Review in Class (50 questions; possible 5 med cal)
1. Most important factor to legislation (policy making)
Which of the following best describes the most important factor in legislation?
-The beliefs, attitude, and value of the policy
(Public policy encompasses the choices made regarding goals, priorities, and how resources are allocated.
Policy choices reflect the values, beliefs, and attitudes of those designing the policy. The influence of the
president, preferences of Americans, and amount of financing related to the legislation are not as important
as the beliefs, attitudes, and values of the policy.) Chp 10
- Of all the seemingly endless limitless factors that may influence policy formation, group need and
group demand should be the strongest determinants. The premises supporting the goals of health
policy should be equitable distribution of services and the guarantee that the appropriate care is
given to the right people, at the right time, and at a reasonable cost.
2. Explain public policy accomplishments (what's the purpose of public policy? What is it made for?) (is it a
safety net? Is it for the people? What makes something an issue?)
The purpose is so that we are heard and can benefit us. To achieve the goal of benefiting the public.
Which of the following is accomplished through the use of public policy?
-Solutions to problems of public concern are developed.
(The field of public policy involves the study of specific policy problems and governmental responses to
them. Political scientists involved in the study of public policy attempt to devise solutions for problems of
public concern. The use of public policy may not involve the implementation of a logical problem-solving
decision-making process. Public policy addresses more than safety nets for vulnerable populations.
Additional principles besides economics and business management are applied through the use of public
policy.) Chp 10
,3. How does the government control issues that the community cannot? What does the government do?
Making policies and laws
Which of the following best describes how the government controls conditions that individuals cannot?
-Passes and enforces law
(Government regulates conditions that individuals cannot control and provides individual protection
through a population-wide focus. These tasks are accomplished through passage and enforcement of laws.
These laws control individuals’ behaviors, which may lead to the establishment of social mores and
common sense related to the laws that have been established.) Chp 10
(A bill that has been passed by the legislature goes to the president. The president may sign it so it becomes
law; however, if he neither signs nor vetoes it, the bill becomes law by default. THE BILL BECOME LAW
regardless if the president disagree the bill the president may not want to be dislike so he/she will pass the
bill)
4. Know how private sector policies and public sector policies differ
(book pg389) In addition to the public policy–making sector, health policies can be made through
the private sector. For example, an insurance company or an employer can determine some of
what illnesses and preventive care is covered by the insurance program, what drugs are included in
the formulary, and how much to charge for an insurance policy. The private sector includes
employers, professional organizations (e.g., American Hospital Association), nonprofit health care
organizations (e.g., American Heart Association), and for-profit corporations that deliver, insure,
or fund health care services outside government control. In particular, health insurance companies
and managed care organizations are increasingly setting policies that affect a large number of
individuals. In the private sector, health policy evolves differently from in the public sector. One
difference is that private health policy is largely influenced by theories of economics and business
management, as compared with the social and political theories that predominate in the public
sector. In the private sector economics is central, whereas in the public sector economics is but one
of many factors. In the private sector decisions can be swift and are often proactive, whereas in the
public sector decisions are slow, deliberate, and more reactive. Private-sector needs are determined
by consumerism, market trends, and economics. Public-sector needs are determined by voting
shifts, electoral realignment, and term limits. Box 10.4 provides the history of several critical
examples of government-funded health care legislation.
Which of the following statements best describes how policies in the private sector are different from
policies in the public sector?
-Private sector policies are based on economics and market trends.
(Private policy is largely influenced by theories of economics and business management, including
consumerism and market trends. Such policies can react quickly and are often proactive. In comparison,
public policies are slow and reactive, and economics is just one of many factors involved. Public policies
are determined by voting shifts, electoral realignment, and term limits.) Chp. 10
5. Know about the Hill Burton act. Where the money went and where it goes.
(book pg 392) Hill-Burton Act of 1946: The Hill-Burton Act authorized federal assistance in the
construction of hospitals and health centers with stipulations about services for the uninsured. As a
result,hospitals with obligations to care for the uninsured were built in towns and cities across the United
States. Through these measures, hospital care became more accessible, but by the late 1990s, the high cost
of health care, combined with decreasing lengths of stay and increasing use of primary care, forced the
closure of many of the hospitals built with HillBurton funds.
Which of the following statements best describe what happened to the hospitals built or expanded by
Hill-Burton Act funds?
-Many such hospitals have consolidated or closed.
, (The Hill-Burton Act authorized federal assistance in construction of hospitals, making hospitals more
accessible. However, with the high cost of healthcare and the decreasing lengths of stay and increasing use
of primary care, many hospitals are closing. Because hospitals have closed, they are not further expanding
or upgrading facilities.) Chp 10
Which act, established in the 1940s, provided grants to states for the purpose of new construction of health
care institutions?
- (The Hill-Burton Act)
6. COBRA; what year and what it covers.
(book pg 393)Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985: The Consolidated Omnibus
Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) is a federal law that affects health care delivery and reimbursement. It
requires all hospitals with emergency services that participate in Medicare to treat any client in their
emergency services, whether or not that client is covered by Medicare or has the ability to pay. This
legislation includes requirements for Medicaid services for prenatal and postnatal care to low-income
women in two-parent families in which the primary spouse is unemployed. Another important requirement
of COBRA focuses on the problem of the loss of health insurance when a person loses his or her job. With
the growing number of unemployed, COBRA is even more important. Employers who terminate an
employee must continue benefits for the employee and dependents for a specified period if the employee
had health benefits before the termination. COBRA is an example of how a federal law can affect state
health care practices. The federal government must determine who receives federal Medicare funds;
therefore COBRA provides the opportunity for the federal government to legislate health care delivery at
the state level.
An individual has been terminated from his job and has lost his health insurance. Which of the following federal
laws allows him to continue his insurance benefits for a specified period of time?
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA)
An important requirement of COBRA focuses on the problem of the loss of insurance when a person loses his or her
job. With the growing number of unemployed, COBRA is even more important. Employers who terminate an
employee must continue benefits for the employee and dependents for a specified period of time if the employee had
health benefits before the termination. Chp 10
7. What type of job would you do as a public health nurse working in the state health department? What do
you monitor? What do you do?
A nurse is employed by the state public health department. Which of the following activities would she most likely
complete?
-Monitor the incidence of influenza in the state
One of the state health care functions is assessment of health needs based on statewide data collection. This could be
done by monitoring the incidence of influenza in the state. Setting up a flu shot clinic would most likely be done at
the local level, while lobbying for health care reform would most likely be done at the federal level. Serving as a
volunteer for a campaign may be something a nurse would do, but would not be specifically related to employment
by the state public health department. Chp 10
8. Know about managed care organizations.
(book pg 59) Managed care organizations (MCOs) focus on prevention and have determined that the rate of health
care cost increases have slowed among employees of large firms (Kongstvedt, 2013).
Managed care organizations designate the type of covered services and specify the conditions under which the
service is covered.
Gatekeeper—Person in a managed care organization who decides whether a patient will be referred for specialty
care. Doctors, nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants function as gatekeepers.
(Make the text red after the question is answered)
4: Health Promotion and Risk Reduction
10: Policy, Politics, Legislation, and community health
11: The health care system
12: Economic of Health care
13: Cultural diversity and community health nursing
14: Environmental health
19: Senior Health
21: Populations affected by disabilities
23: Homeless population
24: Rural and Migrant Health
25: Population affected by mental health
28: Violence
Exam Review in Class (50 questions; possible 5 med cal)
1. Most important factor to legislation (policy making)
Which of the following best describes the most important factor in legislation?
-The beliefs, attitude, and value of the policy
(Public policy encompasses the choices made regarding goals, priorities, and how resources are allocated.
Policy choices reflect the values, beliefs, and attitudes of those designing the policy. The influence of the
president, preferences of Americans, and amount of financing related to the legislation are not as important
as the beliefs, attitudes, and values of the policy.) Chp 10
- Of all the seemingly endless limitless factors that may influence policy formation, group need and
group demand should be the strongest determinants. The premises supporting the goals of health
policy should be equitable distribution of services and the guarantee that the appropriate care is
given to the right people, at the right time, and at a reasonable cost.
2. Explain public policy accomplishments (what's the purpose of public policy? What is it made for?) (is it a
safety net? Is it for the people? What makes something an issue?)
The purpose is so that we are heard and can benefit us. To achieve the goal of benefiting the public.
Which of the following is accomplished through the use of public policy?
-Solutions to problems of public concern are developed.
(The field of public policy involves the study of specific policy problems and governmental responses to
them. Political scientists involved in the study of public policy attempt to devise solutions for problems of
public concern. The use of public policy may not involve the implementation of a logical problem-solving
decision-making process. Public policy addresses more than safety nets for vulnerable populations.
Additional principles besides economics and business management are applied through the use of public
policy.) Chp 10
,3. How does the government control issues that the community cannot? What does the government do?
Making policies and laws
Which of the following best describes how the government controls conditions that individuals cannot?
-Passes and enforces law
(Government regulates conditions that individuals cannot control and provides individual protection
through a population-wide focus. These tasks are accomplished through passage and enforcement of laws.
These laws control individuals’ behaviors, which may lead to the establishment of social mores and
common sense related to the laws that have been established.) Chp 10
(A bill that has been passed by the legislature goes to the president. The president may sign it so it becomes
law; however, if he neither signs nor vetoes it, the bill becomes law by default. THE BILL BECOME LAW
regardless if the president disagree the bill the president may not want to be dislike so he/she will pass the
bill)
4. Know how private sector policies and public sector policies differ
(book pg389) In addition to the public policy–making sector, health policies can be made through
the private sector. For example, an insurance company or an employer can determine some of
what illnesses and preventive care is covered by the insurance program, what drugs are included in
the formulary, and how much to charge for an insurance policy. The private sector includes
employers, professional organizations (e.g., American Hospital Association), nonprofit health care
organizations (e.g., American Heart Association), and for-profit corporations that deliver, insure,
or fund health care services outside government control. In particular, health insurance companies
and managed care organizations are increasingly setting policies that affect a large number of
individuals. In the private sector, health policy evolves differently from in the public sector. One
difference is that private health policy is largely influenced by theories of economics and business
management, as compared with the social and political theories that predominate in the public
sector. In the private sector economics is central, whereas in the public sector economics is but one
of many factors. In the private sector decisions can be swift and are often proactive, whereas in the
public sector decisions are slow, deliberate, and more reactive. Private-sector needs are determined
by consumerism, market trends, and economics. Public-sector needs are determined by voting
shifts, electoral realignment, and term limits. Box 10.4 provides the history of several critical
examples of government-funded health care legislation.
Which of the following statements best describes how policies in the private sector are different from
policies in the public sector?
-Private sector policies are based on economics and market trends.
(Private policy is largely influenced by theories of economics and business management, including
consumerism and market trends. Such policies can react quickly and are often proactive. In comparison,
public policies are slow and reactive, and economics is just one of many factors involved. Public policies
are determined by voting shifts, electoral realignment, and term limits.) Chp. 10
5. Know about the Hill Burton act. Where the money went and where it goes.
(book pg 392) Hill-Burton Act of 1946: The Hill-Burton Act authorized federal assistance in the
construction of hospitals and health centers with stipulations about services for the uninsured. As a
result,hospitals with obligations to care for the uninsured were built in towns and cities across the United
States. Through these measures, hospital care became more accessible, but by the late 1990s, the high cost
of health care, combined with decreasing lengths of stay and increasing use of primary care, forced the
closure of many of the hospitals built with HillBurton funds.
Which of the following statements best describe what happened to the hospitals built or expanded by
Hill-Burton Act funds?
-Many such hospitals have consolidated or closed.
, (The Hill-Burton Act authorized federal assistance in construction of hospitals, making hospitals more
accessible. However, with the high cost of healthcare and the decreasing lengths of stay and increasing use
of primary care, many hospitals are closing. Because hospitals have closed, they are not further expanding
or upgrading facilities.) Chp 10
Which act, established in the 1940s, provided grants to states for the purpose of new construction of health
care institutions?
- (The Hill-Burton Act)
6. COBRA; what year and what it covers.
(book pg 393)Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985: The Consolidated Omnibus
Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) is a federal law that affects health care delivery and reimbursement. It
requires all hospitals with emergency services that participate in Medicare to treat any client in their
emergency services, whether or not that client is covered by Medicare or has the ability to pay. This
legislation includes requirements for Medicaid services for prenatal and postnatal care to low-income
women in two-parent families in which the primary spouse is unemployed. Another important requirement
of COBRA focuses on the problem of the loss of health insurance when a person loses his or her job. With
the growing number of unemployed, COBRA is even more important. Employers who terminate an
employee must continue benefits for the employee and dependents for a specified period if the employee
had health benefits before the termination. COBRA is an example of how a federal law can affect state
health care practices. The federal government must determine who receives federal Medicare funds;
therefore COBRA provides the opportunity for the federal government to legislate health care delivery at
the state level.
An individual has been terminated from his job and has lost his health insurance. Which of the following federal
laws allows him to continue his insurance benefits for a specified period of time?
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA)
An important requirement of COBRA focuses on the problem of the loss of insurance when a person loses his or her
job. With the growing number of unemployed, COBRA is even more important. Employers who terminate an
employee must continue benefits for the employee and dependents for a specified period of time if the employee had
health benefits before the termination. Chp 10
7. What type of job would you do as a public health nurse working in the state health department? What do
you monitor? What do you do?
A nurse is employed by the state public health department. Which of the following activities would she most likely
complete?
-Monitor the incidence of influenza in the state
One of the state health care functions is assessment of health needs based on statewide data collection. This could be
done by monitoring the incidence of influenza in the state. Setting up a flu shot clinic would most likely be done at
the local level, while lobbying for health care reform would most likely be done at the federal level. Serving as a
volunteer for a campaign may be something a nurse would do, but would not be specifically related to employment
by the state public health department. Chp 10
8. Know about managed care organizations.
(book pg 59) Managed care organizations (MCOs) focus on prevention and have determined that the rate of health
care cost increases have slowed among employees of large firms (Kongstvedt, 2013).
Managed care organizations designate the type of covered services and specify the conditions under which the
service is covered.
Gatekeeper—Person in a managed care organization who decides whether a patient will be referred for specialty
care. Doctors, nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants function as gatekeepers.
