National 5 Biology - 1.5 Genetic Engineering Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified

National 5 Biology - 1.5 Genetic Engineering Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified What is the main goal of genetic engineering in bacteria? To produce useful substances like insulin or human growth hormone Which small circular piece of DNA is often used in genetic engineering? Plasmid What is the name of the enzyme used to cut DNA at specific points? Restriction enzyme Why is the same restriction enzyme used to cut both the required gene and the plasmid? So that the ends of the DNA match and can join together Which enzyme is used to seal a gene into a plasmid? Ligase 2 What is a genetically modified organism? An organism that has had genes from another species inserted into its DNA What makes bacteria good hosts for genetic engineering? They reproduce quickly and have simple genetic material What is the term used when a gene is inserted into a different species? Gene transfer What is an example of a product made by genetically modified bacteria? Human insulin What is a benefit of using genetically engineered insulin over animal insulin? It is identical to human insulin and less likely to cause allergic reactions Why must genes be accurately inserted into bacterial plasmids? To ensure the correct protein is produced 3 How do scientists identify which bacteria have taken up the modified plasmid? They use marker genes that show antibiotic resistance or fluorescence What is the first step in genetic engineering? Identify and isolate the required gene Where is the required gene usually taken from in the case of insulin production? Human DNA What must happen before bacteria can begin producing the new protein? The bacteria must express the inserted gene How does the structure of DNA allow it