National 5 Biology: Topic 1 - Cell
Structure Questions and Answers |
Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct &
Verified
Explain why the mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell.
✔✔Mitochondria generate energy by producing ATP through cellular respiration, providing
energy for cellular functions.
What is the main function of the nucleolus?
✔✔The nucleolus is responsible for producing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling
ribosomes.
Describe the structure of a plant cell membrane.
✔✔The plant cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, which
regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?
✔✔Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA in bacteria that often carry genes for antibiotic
resistance and other traits.
1
, Explain the role of the chloroplast in photosynthesis.
✔✔Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy to convert carbon dioxide and
water into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis.
Describe the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in protein synthesis.
✔✔The rough ER is covered with ribosomes and helps in the synthesis and transport of proteins
that are secreted or sent to other parts of the cell.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
✔✔The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their
destinations within or outside the cell.
Describe how the structure of the cell membrane supports its function.
✔✔The phospholipid bilayer allows selective permeability, ensuring only specific molecules can
enter or leave the cell, while the embedded proteins serve as receptors and transporters.
What role do lysosomes play in cell maintenance?
2
Structure Questions and Answers |
Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct &
Verified
Explain why the mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell.
✔✔Mitochondria generate energy by producing ATP through cellular respiration, providing
energy for cellular functions.
What is the main function of the nucleolus?
✔✔The nucleolus is responsible for producing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling
ribosomes.
Describe the structure of a plant cell membrane.
✔✔The plant cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, which
regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?
✔✔Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA in bacteria that often carry genes for antibiotic
resistance and other traits.
1
, Explain the role of the chloroplast in photosynthesis.
✔✔Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy to convert carbon dioxide and
water into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis.
Describe the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in protein synthesis.
✔✔The rough ER is covered with ribosomes and helps in the synthesis and transport of proteins
that are secreted or sent to other parts of the cell.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
✔✔The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their
destinations within or outside the cell.
Describe how the structure of the cell membrane supports its function.
✔✔The phospholipid bilayer allows selective permeability, ensuring only specific molecules can
enter or leave the cell, while the embedded proteins serve as receptors and transporters.
What role do lysosomes play in cell maintenance?
2
